跨文化复习范围

1.culture shock 2. context 3. acculturation 4. territoriality 5.feedback

6. kinesics 7. ethnocentrism 8. time systems 9. encoding 10.connotation

11. language 12. affect displays 13. stereotype 14. low-context 15. nonverbal communication 16.uncertainty avoidance 17. identityconflict

18. polychronic time system 19. time orientations 20. monochronic timesystem

对错判断 (20考10)

1. Culture is often compared to an iceberg, suggesting that most of it isconcealed while a small part of it lies visible.

2. Collectivism places more emphasis on cooperation teamwork and group

loyalty.

3. Cultures with a low power distance index accept inequality as the culture

norm.

4. Cultures with a high power distance index are more horizontal.

5. For thousands of years, Chinese people have been disciplined more bylegal than moral standards.

6. In individual-oriented cultures, people are more indirect and tentative witha heavy emphasis on the context.

7. In low-contact cultures, people feel comfortable standing close to eachother and making physical contact.

8. In China and other Asian countries, people hold that man is born with

original sin.

9. In collectivist societies, popular comments about individuals tend to baseon their personal achievements, status and other features.

10. In group-oriented cultures, people’s style of communication tends to bedirect and less dependent on the context.

11. In high-contact cultures, people feel uncomfortable standing close to eachother and seldom make physical contact.

12. Individual rights are highly valued by Americans, which is often observedin collectivist American culture.

13. In European countries and the US, people hold that man is born innocent.14. Individualism places more importance on personal competence andresponsibility.

15. The message of “Have you eaten?” serves as an invitation to a meal inChinese culture, but is decoded as a greeting in Western culture.

16. The custom of mortgage is a good indicator of present-oriented culture.17. Societies organized along individualistic lines prefer to characterize anindividual according to his family, social class and group.

18. Westerners are generally very direct and frank in their mode of

communication.

19. Values lie at the core of every culture.

20. Comparatively speaking, the Westerners tend to avoid direct conflicts andlosing face when confronted with a problem or when refusing a request.

填空题 (20考10)

1. A _____ time system means that several things are under way at the sametime.

2. A _______ time system means that things should be done one at a time andtime is measured in precise, small units.

3. Acculturation is a type of cultural change that results from continuousfirsthand _________ between two distinct cultural groups.

4. Affect displays are ____ and body movements that show feelings andemotions.

5. Body language can sometimes lead to _________ since people of differentcultures often have different forms of behavior for sending the same messageor have different interpretations of the same signal.

6. Culture is learned. Another characteristic of culture is that it is transmitted from one generation to another. Culture is also a dynamic system that is _________ constantly.

7. Communication generally refers to the process in which participants createand share information with one another as they move toward reaching mutual________.

8. Depending on the _______, communication may be verbal or nonverbal.9. Dutch scientist Geert Hofstede identified four dimensions that drivecultural differences: individualism-collectivism, power distance, uncertainty

avoidance, and _______.

10. Edward Hall originated the concepts of high-context culture and_______. Collectivistic cultures are usually high-context cultures.

11. Edward Hall has suggested that people interact within four spatial zonesor distance ranges: intimate, personal, ________ and public.

12. English surnames can show various sorts of information about people,including the place a person is from, the job he has, family relationships,ethnic identity and personal _________.

13. For most anthropologists, Culture refers to the total way of living of_______ groups of people.

14. In the West, it is regarded polite to open gifts as soon as they are given to

express _________.

15. In Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's model, the _______ between human andnature can be future divided into: humans dominate, harmony and naturedominates.

16. Major elements of intercultural communication are perception, verbalprocesses, nonverbal processes and _______ elements.

17. \"Noise\" as an element of communication includes physical noise, mentalnoise and_______ noise.

18. The ____ of social interaction that a particular society adheres to areclosely related to the values and beliefs that the members of that societygenerally hold.

19.Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen have suggested that there are fivecategories of kinesic behaviors: emblems, illustrators, affect displays,________, and adaptors.

20. Values lie at the core of every culture. It represents a kind of _______ or

standard.

案例分析

课后案例 (4个考1个)78页, 88页, 122页, 162页,