银川海派英语 定语从句(Ⅰ)——that,which,who和whose引导的定语

1、定语从句的定义

在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词用作定语的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代 thatwhichwhowhom whose和as以及关系副词when where和why等。关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 2、定语从句引导词的用法 (1)that的用法

that的先行词是人或物在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

主要特点有:①that在定语从句中作主语时不省略作宾语时可以省略; ②that不引导非性定语从句; ③that前不加介词

例子 Theforeigners that visited our school yesterday are from Canada. 昨天参观我们学校的外国人来自加拿大。(that代替人作主语) I like the book very much ( that ) my uncle gaveme. 我非常喜欢我叔叔给我的这本书。(that代替物作宾语)

☆只能用that引导定语从句的情况:

①先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰;

②先行词是不定代词all the one everything等; ③先行词被 any the only the last等修饰 ④先行词既指人又指物时

例子 Alice is the only person ( that ) I can trustin the office.

爱丽丝是办公室里我唯一信任的人。(先行词被the only修饰只用that) (2)which的用法

先行词是物在定语从句中作主主语或宾语。

主要特点:①which在定语从句中作主语时不能省略作宾语时可以省略引导非性定语从句时不能省略;

②which的前面可以有介词;

③which的先行词可以是前面数个的的句子意为”这使…….;这一点……”。 例子 A computeris a machine which can do many things for us. 电脑是一种可以为我们做许多事情的机器。( which作主语) The chair on which she sat is made of wood

她坐的椅子是用木头做的。( which作介词的宾语)

Mo yan was awarded the nobelprize in literature which made us happy

莫言被授子诺贝尔文学奖这使我们非常高兴。( which引导非性定语从句) (3)whowhom的用法

who whom的先行词是人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语;whom在定语从句中作宾语可以省略前面也可以加介词。whom直接在介词后作宾语时不可以用who代替。 例子 I like theboy who gets along well with his classmates 我喜欢那个与他的同学相处得好的男孩。

Dr.yuan is a man who / whom we can learn a lot from.

Dr.yuan is a man from whom we can learn a lot.（whom在从句中作宾语位于from后不能用who代替）

袁博士是一个我们可以从他身上学到很多的人。

先行词为oneones anyone或 those时或双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that另一个指人的关系代词词用who

例子 God helps those who helpthemselves.自助者天助之。 （4）whose的的用法

whose的先行词是人或物在定语从句中作定语。 例子 Could youpass me the book whose cover is green ? 你能把那本绿色封皮的书递给我吗?

Mike whose ambition is to become a network engineer always works hard. 将来想成为一名网络工程师的迈克一直刻苦学习。

用于指物时” whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+ of which\"或”of which+限定词+名词”代替。 例子 The housewhose windows face south is ours.

=The house the windows of which face south is ours =The house of which the windows facesouth is ours 窗户朝南的那所房子是我们的。