高中英语Unit 21 Lesson 3 Epidemics throughout history

1.With new health threats on the rise, James Madison looks at epidemics throughout history.

Bacteria and viruses have been around since the beginning of life on Earth and many of today’s diseases have been existed as long as humans have. It’ s important to look at the spread of diseases throughout history to discover the causes and effects of epidemics. 2.----

Scientists now think that Justinian’s Plague was actually a disease called bubonic plague. They estimate that between 25% and 50% of the area’s population died from the disease and think that the epidemic was one of the key causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. 4----

5. In highly populated areas all over Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East, one half to one third of the population was lost to the Black Death. Less populated areas, mostly in northern Europe, were less severely affected.

6. Another epidemic that started and spread in similar conditions was the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918( also called the Spanish Flu). It struck near the end of the first World War and continued after the war was finished. 7.-----

8. One epidemic that we haven’t forgotten yet is the SARS epidemic of 2002/2003. it began with an abnormal lung disease in Guangdong Province and spread worldwide after Dr Liu Jianjun came to . He stayed at a hotel where the disease spread to four more people. When these people left the hotel and returned home, they spread the disease to Canada, , Vietnam and Singapore. 9 -----

10.No one really knew much about SARS as it was completely new to physicians. Doctors weren’t sure how to treat it or prevent it and since most people had no natural defences against the disease. It was also harmful to the doctors and purses treating the SARS patients. Hospital staff, especially nurses, made up 21% of the cases. 11----

A Having killed between 25 and 50 million people in 18 months. It is believed to be the most acute worldwide epidemic in history. More people died of the flu than died in the war. Yet, somehow, it has been forgotten by history.

B. Although aspects of modern life, such as widespread air travel, allowed the SARS epidemic to quickly expand across the globe, other aspects, such as improved communication technology and improved medical research techniques, allowed health experts the world over to share knowledge and work together to stop the virus in its tracks.

C In the 1330’s, the bubonic plague returned , this time in Asia. It would spread rapidly and come to be known as “ The Black Death”. The conditions in much of Asia and Europe –war, climate change, a lack of adequate food, crowded cities and a lack of basic health routines---provided the perfect conditions for the disease to spread worldwide.

D Over nine months, the number of global cases passed 8,000 and 774 people died. Although these numbers are much smaller than the number for other diseases such as TB or flu, which kill millions every year, the outbreak was still very alarming for a few key reasons.

F. Epidemics are described in historical accounts as early as 430 BC and one of the earliest on

record is Justinian’s Plague. It happened about 500-550 AD as Roman Emperor Justinian was attempting to rebuild and acquire more land for the Roman Empire. It swept through North Africa, the Middle East and Europe. （2）教案

小说人物形象归纳法

Read a science article easily

Teaching Aims:

To read an article about epidemics To improve the Ss’ reading ability To improve the Ss’ speaking ability Learning method: Concluding Teaching procedure: Step 1: Addressing Step 2:Lead-in

1. Listen to the song “Tears in heaven” .

2. What’s your feeling after hearing the song? 3. Why was the singer so sad? 4. What else may cause death?

5. Epidemics can cause more deaths than anything else. Step 3: Read the text

( 1 ) Read the title carefully and get some general ideas of the text 1. Predict what will be talked in the text

2. Read other titles and discuss what will be involved 3. What is an epidemic?

(show pictures about AIDS and bird flu, and ask the Ss to give their own answers) 4. Which of the following diseases are epidemics?

AIDS, cancer, headache, flu, heart disease, stomach-ache, TB, malaria, smallpox, SARS

5. Causes of epidemics: virus 6. Tracks of epidemics 7. Epidemics in history

( 2 ) Find out the meanings of the different numbers and know more facts about the

text

1. Ask the Ss to find out the numbers in the text and to talk about the related facts about them

2. Give the Ss an example

3. Ask the Ss to practise in pairs 4. Ask questions in turns in class

( 3 ) Know the fact about an event or phenomena in details

(use a form to help you if necessary ) 1. Talk about the events and fill in the blanks

2. Guess the

names of the

epidemic

s in the

SARS 2002/2003 G.D.-H.K.-Vm-Ca.-Sig doctors nurses affected text

3. Guess the names of the other epidemics ( 4 ) To know the development of the article 1. Show the sequencing exercise 2. Show the ways to do this exercise

3. Ask the students to do the exercise in the text ( 5 ) conclusion:

Step 4: Read another science article 1. Discuss the title

2. Talk about some numbers 3. Do the sequencing exercise Step 5: Homework

Finish reading the new article and retell the text in your own words. (120words ) 附: (1) epidemics Time Place effect Tears in Heaven

Would you know my name if I saw you in heaven? Would you feel the same if I saw you in heaven?

I must be strong and carry on

'Cause I know I don't belong here in heaven...

Would you hold my hand if I saw you in heaven? Would you help me stand if I saw you in heaven?

I'll find my way through night and day

'Cause I know I just can't stay here in heaven..

Time can bring you down, time can bend your knees Time can break your heart,

have you begging please，begging please... Beyond the door there's peace I'm sure

And I know there'll be no more tears in heaven...

2. The History of Smallpox The Rise and Fall of a Disease

1. The history of the rise and fall of smallpox is a success story for \"modern\" medicine and public health. Even though the disease has been eradicated, the threat of its return has once again brought it to the forefront of public controversy. 2.----

3. Epidemics occurred in the North American colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries. At one time smallpox was a significant disease in every country throughout the world except Australia and a few isolated islands. Millions of people died in Europe and Mexico as a result of widespread smallpox epidemics.

4. The fall of smallpox began with the realization that survivors of the disease were immune for the rest of their lives. This led to the practice of variolation - a process of exposing a healthy person to infected material from a person with smallpox in the hopes of producing a mild disease that provided immunity from further infection. The first written account of variolation describes a Buddhist nun practicing around 1022 to 1063 AD. She would grind up scabs taken from a person infected with smallpox into a powder, and then blow it into the nostrils of a non-immune person. 5.----

6.The next step towards the eradication of smallpox occurred with the observation by English physician, Edward Jenner, that milkmaids who developed cowpox, a less serious disease, did not develop the deadly smallpox. In 1796, Jenner took the fluid from a cowpox pustule on a dairymaid's hand and inoculated an 8-year-old boy. Six weeks later, he exposed the boy to smallpox, and the boy did not develop any symptoms. 7. -----

8. The \"modern\" vaccine that was licensed by the FDA was taken from a weak strain of virus called the New York City Board of Health strain. It was produced by Wyeth Laboratories and licensed under the name Dryvax. 9.------

10.In 1967 the World Health Organization (WHO) started a worldwide campaign to eradicate smallpox. This goal was accomplished in 10 years due in a large part to massive vaccination efforts. The last endemic case of smallpox occurred in Somalia in 1977. On May 8, 1980, the World Health Assembly declared the world free of smallpox. 11 ------

A Jenner coined the term \"vaccine\" from the word \"vaca\" which means \"cow\" in

Latin. His work was initially criticized, but soon was rapidly accepted and adopted. By 1800 about 100,000 people had been vaccinated worldwide.

B. The United States stopped vaccinating the general population in 1972, but

continued to vaccinate military personnel. It was recommended that vaccination of military personnel stop in 1986, and vaccination was officially stopped in military recruits in 1990.

C. The origin of smallpox is uncertain, but it is believed to have originated in Africa and then spread to India and China thousands of years ago. The first recorded smallpox epidemic was in 1350 BC during the Egyptian-Hittite war. Smallpox reached Europe between the 5th and 7th centuries and was present in major European cities by the 18th century.

D. The last outbreak of smallpox in the United States occurred in Texas in 1949

with 8 cases and 1 death. Even though most of North America, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand were free of smallpox by this time, other countries such as Africa and India continued to suffer from epidemics.

D. By the 1700's, this method of variolation was common practice in China, India, and Turkey. In the late 1700's European physicians used this and other methods of variolation, but reported \"devastating\" results in some cases. Overall, 2% to 3% of people who were variolated died of smallpox, but this practice decreased the total number of smallpox fatalities by 10-fold.

（3）Epidemics explained 教学反思

一 教学设计,目的和思路、

1. 教材内容说明

Epidemics explained 是北师大版教材选修模块7 的最后一个单元中的阅读课,介绍瘟疫在历史上的流行和发展, 文章生词量大, 有一定的教学难度. 2. 教学目的

学生通过阅读课文, 了解文中一些科普知识, 学会描述瘟疫的特点, 掌握阅读科普文章的一些方法 3. 课堂形式

提倡学生自学, 以检查预习, 合作讨论, 你说我猜的形式学习, 体现学生学习的主动性, 还课堂以学生 4. 教材内容的加工处理

用相关插图, 图表等直观的教学形式, 让学生能更快理解课文; 必要的阅读指导,有利于学生技巧的形成; 相关文章的阅读, 能扩大学生知识面; 一些直观的教具如红丝带和抽象的音乐, 希望培养学生的人文素质和高尚情感

二 教学过程简述

1. 布置学生预习

包括读单词, 找出文中数字的含义, 简单口头描述各次瘟疫的特点,做好文中的一道涉及段落补全的练习

2. 课文导入

包括简介和听英文歌曲 “Tears in heaven”, 讨论死亡的原因, 以及有哪些常见的瘟疫

3. 课文的阅读和学习

Step 1: 阅读标题, 预测文章主题,同时找出文中主要瘟疫 Step 2: 讨论数字在文中不同的含义, 进一步了解和熟悉课文

Step 3: 进一步阅读文章, 了解造成瘟疫的元凶---病毒;描述瘟疫的传播途径, 找出各次瘟疫造成的巨大影响; 描述和猜测不同的瘟疫 Step 4: 完成段落补全练习, 介绍相关方法

4. 点出阅读技巧

5. 读一段有关爱滋病对儿童危害的文字, 提示我们应该做点什么 课堂的延伸和升华 三 感受体会

在教学过程存在一些问题, 最主要的是课堂时间的把握和安排. 在设计中内容太多,

在课堂上有些环节没有把握好, 如讨论数字用时过多; 提问学生差生面多, 造成进展不顺; 全班朗读课文也费时太多.

下面谈谈我本人对这次活动的感想: 1. 还课堂与学生

由于面临着高考的压力, 我们平时的教学中有时舍不得拿出时间让学生在课堂上说,讨论, 而且要设计直观有效的练习形式也相对费力; 可是英语课上我们还是可以还课堂与学生, 尽量让他们自己来学会学懂 2. 教师的工作真的是只有更好, 没有最好

我的教案前期后后修改了几次, 我自己都觉得惊奇: 一堂课, 可以这样上, 也可以那样上, 前后顺序可以不一样, 教学重点可以不一样, 课堂形式可以有天壤之别---那些天我满脑子都在想这堂课要怎么上呢? 而你自己想的和学生的实际情况也不一定想府, 你觉得感动的歌学生可能听不懂, 这个班学生都会的问题, 另一个班的学生会表现出不知所措( 如知道病毒造成瘟疫, 2班学生感到困难, 这是我没有料想到的)---这份工作真的是要有极大的热情才能做 3. 我学会了许多东西

我在和大家的讨论中, 进一步地思考课堂结构和课堂节奏的安排问题; 由于这一次公开课的主题是学法研讨, 我更多地关注学生在课堂上的表现; 在孔艳焰老师帮我润色修改课件的过程中, 我学到了许多电脑知识---我还了解了自己的许许多多不足之处, 明白自己努力的方向 4. 我心中充满了感激

我感谢学校安排的这次活动, 使我们有学习交流的良好契机: 我感谢高中学段英语组全体老师对我的信任和无私的帮助, 使我有了锻炼和提高的机会; 希望大家多多指出我的不足, 使我能够不断进步; 也希望我们要更多的机会学习交流, 把我们的工作越做越好.

谢谢大家!

Step 3 : Reading Strategies: how to read a science article 1. Read the title carefully

(1) To present question 1

What’s the main idea of the text? A. New health threats is on the rise.

B. A lot of epidemics happened in history.

C. SARS used to be out of control, now people are trying to stop it on the track. D. We should pay more attention to our health.

(2) We can predict what will happen in the text from the title In this text, some epidemics in the history will be talked. (3) Give more titles and ask the Ss what will be talked

A. Epidemics

B. Epidemics and economy C. SARS

D. The history of the Black Death

2. Read the text fast and get the general idea and basic information

(1) To present question 2

Read the following graphic and try to tell which epidemics are described? (To see the PPT.)

(2) We will try to know some basic information about epidemics in history. Name of the epidemics Justininian’s Plague plague ) The Black Death Time Place (bubonic 500-550AD North Africa, the Middle East, Europe 1330 Europe, Asia, Africa, the middle East The Great Flu Epidemic (The 1918 Similar as the Black Death Spanish Flu) SARS 2002/2003 China , Canada, ,--- 3. Read the text carefully and understand related science terms In this text, a lot of medicine words are involved. (1)To present question 3

What does the word “affect” mean in the 5th paragraph? A 影响 B效果C感染D死亡

(2)Now read the text carefully and complete the sentences using medicine words in the text:

1. Bacteria and __________(病毒)have been around since the beginning of life on Earth.

2. It’s important to look at the __________(传播)of diseases throughout history to discover the __________(原因)and __________(影响) of epidemics.

3. Another epidemic __________(开始) and __________(传播)in similar conditions was the Great Flu. It __________(侵袭)near the end of the first World War and __________(持续)after the war.

4. Doctors weren’t sure how to __________(治疗)or __________(预防)it and since

most people had no natural __________(防御)against the disease, it was harmful to doctors.

5. One half to one third of the population was __________(死于)to the Black Death. Less populated areas were less severely__________(感染).

6. SARS epidemic quickly __________(扩大)across the globe. Health experts worked together to __________(阻止)the virus in its __________(路径). 7. It __________(席卷)North Africa, the middle East and Europe.

(3)While doing these kind of exercise, explain some words such as “track”.

4. Try to know more science knowledge through reading the text carefully (1)To present question 4

The Black Death spread rapidly in Asia and Europe because_________ A It was the terrible bubonic plague that returned. B There were so many people in these areas.

C At that time, people didn’t know how to treat it.

D People suffered from the bad climate , the war and hunger. There were so many people and they didn’t have daily health care. (2)To show a picture to demonstrate

(3) To answer more questions about science knowledge

 Why do we say epidemics have been with us for thousands of years? (ppt)

 Why was bubonic plague one of the key cause in the fall of the Roman Empire?  How did SARS spread from to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore?  Why did many doctors and nurses become ill with SARS ?

5. To figure out the development of the text (1)To introduce sequencing exercise (ppt ) (2)To present question 5

Read the whole text and match the five paragraph(A-E) with gaps 2,4,7,9 and 11 in the text

(3) Read the text with gaps to get the general idea and see how it develops

Epidemics throughout history Justinian’s Plague the Black Death the Great Flu SARS (4)To analyze the beginning and ending words of each paragraph beginning words ending words Paragraph 1 history, causes and effects of Paragraph 2 -historical accounts, Justinian’s -swept through--- (E) plague Paragraph 3 ---now think Justinian’s Plague, -causes of the fall of the Roman bubonic plague Paragraph 4 -bubonic plague returned -the disease(Black Death) spread (C) Paragraph 5 Paragraph 6 Paragraph 7 (A) Paragraph 8 Paragraph 9 (D) Paragraph 10 worldwide --was lost to the Black Death It( the Spanish flu ) struck It (---)be the most acute -has been forgotten by history epidemic in history –the flu Haven’t forgotten, SARS -spread the disease to---- Over 9 months---global cases-- -the outbreak alarming for-- No one really knew much- - harmful,--hospital staff---made up --- --experts –stop the viruses in its track Paragraph 11 Although ---SARS (B) quickly expand-- 6. Conclusion

 Read (Find ) the title carefully

 Read the text fast and get the general idea

 Read the text carefully and understand related science terms

 Try to know more science knowledge through reading the text carefully  To figure out the development of the text

Step 4:Read the text again and give your own questions using the strategies we have learnt

1. Show an example about giving questions

Questions about general idea What can be inferred from the text?

A. Epidemics develops with the development of human beings B. An old epidemic will cause another one

C. Epidemics may disappear one day due to the development of medical science D. Epidemics can cause a lot of deaths.

2. Show the Ss ways to ask questions

 The purpose of the writer is to---  The story tells us that----  According to the text,-------

 It can be learned from the text that----  The best title for the text would be---

 Which of the following statement is true (false)?

 Arrange the event in the text according to the correct order.  After reading the text, we know that---  The word “---” in the text means-----

 What’s the Chinese meaning of these words?  The word “---”can be replaced by---  Why----- ?

 What is the reason for-----?  What is----?

 We learn from the text that -----

3. The Ss are asked to give out their own questions in groups Group 1-2: questions about basic details in the text Group 3-4: questions about words

Group 5-6: questions about science knowledge Group 7-8: questions about sequencing

4. Ask the Ss to change their questions and answer it. Good question: 1o score Good answer: 6 score Ordinary question: 7 score Ordinary answer : 4 score Bad question: 4 score Wrong answer: 2 score

Step 5: Homework

Read another science article and give 5 questions of your own

Tears in Heaven

Would you know my name if I saw you in heaven? Would you feel the same if I saw you in heaven?

I must be strong and carry on

'Cause I know I don't belong here in heaven...

Would you hold my hand if I saw you in heaven? Would you help me stand if I saw you in heaven?

I'll find my way through night and day

'Cause I know I just can't stay here in heaven..

Time can bring you down, time can bend your knees Time can break your heart,

have you begging please，begging please... Beyond the door there's peace I'm sure

And I know there'll be no more tears in heaven...

歌手简介:

1945年3月30日Eric Patrick Clapton出生于英国萨里郡的瑞普雷在演出过程中逐渐形成了自己的蓝调风格,是摇滚乐坛中首屈一指的吉他大师.五十多岁方育得一子，然造化弄人，稚龄爱子竟从纽约数十层高的公寓阳台意外摔下身亡，这个打击几乎让他再度一蹶不振，不过将近50岁的Eric Clapton将他思念之苦寄情歌中，于是产生\"Tears In Heaven\"这首歌，它首先被收录于电影《迷途枷锁》(Rush)的原声带中，他的歌声苍凉悲壮却又柔情似水，能够净化人的灵魂。

歌词、句型分析

1．Tear in heaven：天堂泪或泪洒天堂。 heaven：天堂在西方社会有两重含义。其一，是指上帝与众神居住的地方。其二，好人死后灵魂归去的极乐世界。 2．Would you know my name if I saw you in heaven?

= Would you recall me if I saw you in heaven? 假如在天堂相遇，你是否会认得我？ would：要是，假使，（表示虚拟，假设，条件等）

例如：If you had come earlier, you would have seen him. 假若你早来一些，就会看到他了。 3．Would it be the same if I saw you in heaven?

= Would everything don’t be changed if I saw you in heaven?

假如在天堂相遇，一切都没有改变吧？ 句中it应指everything包括you和me。 4．I'll find my way through night and day. = I'll find my way all the time. 我要日夜不停地找寻方向。 through：从头到尾，（指时间）经过 例如：He works hard all through the year.他整年都在努力工作。 5．Time can break your heart, have you begging please.

=Time can break your heart, and times have you begging please.

时间会让你心碎，时间会让你乞求。 break one's heart：使……心碎，使……极为伤心 例如：The bad boy broke his mother's heart. 这坏孩子使心伤透了。 6. Beyond the door, there's peace. beyond：超过，在……那一边。 例如：The river is beyond the hill.山的那一边有条河。 The quesion is beyond my power. 那个问题是我力所不及的。

下面有两个问题留给大家7、I must be strong and carry on. carry on是什么意思？ 8、Time can bring you down, time can bend your knees. bring down是什么意思？

The History of Smallpox

The Rise and Fall of a Disease

1. The history of the rise and fall of smallpox is a success story for \"modern\" medicine and public health. Even though the disease has been eradicated, the threat of its return has once again brought it to the forefront of public controversy. 2.----

3. Epidemics occurred in the North American colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries. At one time smallpox was a significant disease in every country throughout the world except Australia and a few isolated islands. Millions of people died in Europe and Mexico as a result of widespread smallpox epidemics.

4. The fall of smallpox began with the realization that survivors of the disease were immune for the rest of their lives. This led to the practice of variolation - a process of exposing a healthy person to infected material from a person with smallpox in the hopes of producing a mild disease that provided immunity from further infection. The first written account of variolation describes a Buddhist nun practicing around 1022 to 1063 AD. She would grind up scabs taken from a person infected with smallpox into a powder, and then blow it into the nostrils of a non-immune person. 5.----

6.The next step towards the eradication of smallpox occurred with the observation by English physician, Edward Jenner, that milkmaids who developed cowpox, a less serious disease, did not develop the deadly smallpox. In 1796, Jenner took the fluid from a cowpox pustule on a dairymaid's hand and inoculated an 8-year-old boy. Six weeks later, he exposed the boy to smallpox, and the boy did not develop any symptoms. 7. -----

8. The \"modern\" vaccine that was licensed by the FDA was taken from a weak strain of virus called the New York City Board of Health strain. It was produced by Wyeth Laboratories and licensed under the name Dryvax. 9.------

10.In 1967 the World Health Organization (WHO) started a worldwide campaign to eradicate smallpox. This goal was accomplished in 10 years due in a large part to massive vaccination efforts. The last endemic case of smallpox occurred in Somalia in 1977. On May 8, 1980, the World Health Assembly declared the world free of smallpox. 12 ------

A Jenner coined the term \"vaccine\" from the word \"vaca\" which means \"cow\" in

Latin. His work was initially criticized, but soon was rapidly accepted and adopted. By 1800 about 100,000 people had been vaccinated worldwide.

B. The United States stopped vaccinating the general population in 1972, but

continued to vaccinate military personnel. It was recommended that vaccination of military personnel stop in 1986, and vaccination was officially stopped in military recruits in 1990.

E. The origin of smallpox is uncertain, but it is believed to have originated in Africa and then spread to India and China thousands of years ago. The first recorded smallpox epidemic was in 1350 BC during the Egyptian-Hittite war. Smallpox reached Europe between the 5th and 7th centuries and was present in major European cities by the 18th century.

D. The last outbreak of smallpox in the United States occurred in Texas in 1949

with 8 cases and 1 death. Even though most of North America, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand were free of smallpox by this time, other countries such as Africa and India continued to suffer from epidemics.

E. By the 1700's, this method of variolation was common practice in China, India,

and Turkey. In the late 1700's European physicians used this and other methods of variolation, but reported \"devastating\" results in some cases. Overall, 2% to 3% of people who were variolated died of smallpox, but this practice decreased the total number of smallpox fatalities by 10-fold.