MBA大师内部资料考研英语二语法与长难句王丽关于词的那些事1大师内部资料学习目标•什么是词？什么是语？•英语中的词性有哪些？•每种词性最重要的使用规则是什么？什么是词？什么是语？词：词性，每个单词自•单词：然属性。•persistence[pəˈsistəns]n. 坚持不懈•句子：•Persistence is the key to success. •坚持不懈是成功的关键。语：句子成分，单词放到句子中的属性。•句法核心：XX词在句中作XX语。2MBA大师内部资料英语中的词性有哪些？•名词•代词实词可以在句中•动词独立充当成分•形容词实词•副词•数词•介词虚词不能在句中•连词独立充当成分•冠词虚词•感叹词名词(n.)•定义：表示人或事物的名称。•E.g. pen, dog, music, John•复习重点：名词的数；名词的格3MBA大师内部资料名词的数•名词的数：单数vs.复数•a pen, two dogs •常见写作错误：•John run fast. •Two heads is better than one. •The set of rules are not effective. 名词的格•名词的格：表示所有关系，“…的”。•1）有生命的人或动物，单数•Uncle Tom’s Cabin •2）有生命的人或动物，复数•my friends’ school•3)无生命的事物•the door of the room4MBA大师内部资料代词（pron.）•定义：在句中代替名词的词。•种类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、连接代词代词的种类1.I trust him.（人称代词）2.This is your book. That is mine.（物主代词）3.He saw himself in the mirror.（反身代词）4.We like each other. We like one another.（相互代词）5.That is my coat.（指示代词）6.Who is the girl?（疑问代词）7.Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.（不定代词）8.He is the last person that I want to marry. （关系代词）5MBA大师内部资料人称代词-it•1）指代上下文内容•I love swimming. It keeps me fit. •You have saved my life; I shall never forget it. •2）指代时间、距离、天气等•It is half past three now. •It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here. •It is a fine day. •3）特殊情况：非确指•Take it easy.动词(v.)•表示动作(e.g. sing)或状态(e.g. be)的词。•I sing a song. •I am happy. 6MBA大师内部资料形容词（adj.）•定义：用来修饰、描述名词（或代词）的词，表示人或事物的特征。•形容词构成：简单形容词、复合形容词形容词的构成—简单形容词•1）自然形容词•E.g. happy, important •a happy family •I have something important to tell you. 7MBA大师内部资料形容词的构成—简单形容词•2）分词形容词•E.g. scare•-ing：scaring •-ed：scared•I am very _______ to hear that you have been enrolled by Harvard University.•exciting? excited?复合形容词•hard-working •time-consuming•a full-time worker•a hard-to-please employer8MBA大师内部资料副词(adv.)•定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词和全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。•E.g. quickly, badly, really, very•He skillfully dealt with an embarrassing situation. •Women should be financially independent. •He runs very quickly. •Hopefully, we can get the work done before dark.副词•very可以修饰形容词，但是不能直接修饰动词。•E.g. 我非常喜欢英语。•I very like English.•I like English very much.9MBA大师内部资料数词(num.)•定义：表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。•1）基数词：表示数目多少•2）序数词：表示顺序先后数词2013-2015年我国博物馆数量和参观人数10000800078116378717760004000469741654510200002013年2014年2015年博物馆数量（家）参观人数（十万人次）MBA10大师内部资料数词表达方法•一千: one thousand•一万: ten thousand•十万: one hundred thousand•一百万: one million •一千万: ten million •一亿：one hundred million•十亿：billion1682亿: 168.2 billionMBA11大师内部资料2017考研英语二大作文2013-2015年我国博物馆数量和参观人数10000800071777811637860004000469741654510200002013年2014年2015年博物馆数量（家）参观人数（十万人次）算式的表达•Two plus two equals four.•Ten minus three is seven. •Nine multiplied by six is fifty-four. •Twenty divided by four is five. MBA12大师内部资料连词(conj.)•定义：它不能独立担任句子成分，只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。•E.g. and•Tom and Jerry •He opened the door, walked into the classroom and turned on the light.•The environment is polluted and people are thinking about possible solutions.词组•词组：由两个或两个以上的词组成，作用和单词相似。•词组分类：名词词组、动词词组、形容词词组、副词词组、介词词组MBA13大师内部资料名词词组•结构：（前置修饰语）+名词+（后置修饰语）•用法：相当于名词•The smart boy in blueis my brother. 动词词组•结构：动词+介词•用法：相当于动词•E.g. look at, take care of•注意：有的动词短语和动词本身的意义差异较大。•I puthis bad temper down tohis recent illness.MBA14大师内部资料形容词词组•结构：形容词+介词•用法：相当于形容词•E.g. full of, angry with等•注意：同一个形容词后面跟不同的介词时也可能表达不同的意思。•We are all concerned abouthis health.•The report is concerned withenvironmental issues. 副词词组•结构：副词+副词•用法：相当于副词•The phone rings quite often. MBA15大师内部资料介词和介词词组•定义：连接名词、代词与句中其他词的中介词，不能单独作句子成分。•介词后面必须跟名词或代词。•介词词组：介词+名词/代词，也叫介词短语（介宾短语）•Eg. on the table, by bus简单介词aboutaboveacrossafteragainstalongamongaroundatbeforebehindbelowbeneathbesidebetweenbeyondtowardbydespitedownduringuponforfromininsideintolikenearofoffonontooutoutsideoverupthroughthroughoutwithintowithunderunderneathwithoutMBA16大师内部资料短语介词•短语介词：作用相当于介词的短语，由两个以上单词集合而成。•E.g. on behalf of, because of, prior to, according to, with regard to•24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____.(2017, Reading Comprehension, Text 1)•关于大众体育，作者认为政府应该____________。介词—写作•尽管生病，他还是来参加会议。•He came to the meeting despite his illness.•He came to the meeting despite he was ill. •因为坚持不懈，所以他成功了。•He succeeded because of he was persistent. •He succeeded because of his persistence. MBA17大师内部资料总结•什么是词？什么是语？•英语中的词性有哪些？•每种词性最重要的使用规则是什么？Thank You!MBA18