初中 英语 从句讲解

条件状语从句：If + 从句 (一般现在时)，主句( 一般将来时;祈使句;含有情态动词)

1. The children will climb the mountain if it doesn’t rain. (从句一般现在时, 主句一般将来时)

2. Call me if he comes. (从句一般现在时,主句祈使句)

3. You can make a lot of progress if you work hard. (从句一般现在时, 主句含有情态动词)

链接: 其它相关的从句，一般由以下词引导: as soon as, not… until, unless, before, after, when, …

(主从句时态同上)

As soon as he arrives in Paris, he will give you a ring. You won’t pass the final exam unless you work hard. Don’t leave until the rain stops.

You can go skating after you finish doing the work.

主句如果是过去时, 从句也要是过去的时态(根据语境选用相应的某一种时态) He was chatting with his friends when I saw him. The thief ran away as soon as he saw the police. When I got to the station, the train had left.

注意（强调）： 主句与从句时态一致的问题。

在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况：

1. 若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句用一般现在时表

示一般将来时。例如：

Be careful when you cross the road. Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. The traffic must stop when the lights are red.

2. 若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去，那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如： She could sing when she was four years old. 她四岁的时候就会唱歌。 重点讲解：

1. when 意为“当„„时”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如

I feel very happy when you come to see me. When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.

when引导的时间状语从句，when的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用点动词。 He was working at the table when I went in. Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping.

I will visit my good friend when I have time.

I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.

2. while引导的时间状语从句，常译为“与„„同时，在„„期间”，while的从句中常用延续性动词（进行时）或表示状态的词。 They rushed in while we were discussing problems.

Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 注：while也可以作并列连词，表转折的关系，相当于but，译为“然而”。

I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜欢听音乐，而我的兄弟爱好运动。

3. as soon as 意为“一„„就„„”，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。例如： I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back. 4. so that, in order that “以便，为了，目的是”。

Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes. I shall write down your address so that I may not forget. I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time. 5. since引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从„„”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。

We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. We haven't seen each other since we parted .

注意：常用句型：It is/has been +时间段+since从句 译为：自从„„有多长时间了。

It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。 6. before 意为“在„„之前”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如：

We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday. He had been a cook before he went to college.

7. after 意为“在„„之后”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如：

After you use plastic bags, you mustn't throw them about. He called me after he had finished his work.

注：若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成时态，例如上面的第二句

可改成：He called me after he finished his work.

练习：1. I __ the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow. A. will return B. returned C. have returned D. return

2. Don’t get off the bus ____ it has stopped. A. until B. if C. to D. for 3. He met many problems ______ he was going over his lessons. A. before B. as soon as C. since D. while

4. I didn’t know he came back _____ I met him in the street. A. since B. when C. until D. after

5. He doesn’t tell me when he ____. I’ll telephone you as soon as he _____.

A. will come, comes B. will come, will come C. comes, will come D. comes, comes

6. It will be a long time before Jack ___ his work. A. will finish B. finishes C. has finished D. finish

7. ---How was your climbing on Mount Tai? ---I didn’t believe I could do it ___ I got to the top. A. until B. unless C. after D. when 8. Don’t worry. Peter will call you as soon as he _____ London.

A. will get to B. gets to C. get to D. got to

9. The students will go to the Summer Palace if it ________tomorrow.

A. won' t rain B. isn' t raining C. doesn' t rain D. isn' t rain 10. ---- The problem is too difficult, can you show me _____? ---Sure.

A. what to work it out B. what to work out it C. how to work it out D. how to work out it 二、宾语从句：在宾语从句中要注意三个要素：语序，时态，引导词 1. 语序：宾语从句一定要用陈述语序！

2. 连接词/ 引导词: that, if(whether)和疑问词做连接词。 1) 陈述句用做宾语从句时, 用that 引导，也可以省略

I have seen the film, I told her. --I told her (that) I had seen the film. 2) 一般疑问句用作宾语从句时，用if或whether引导。

Are you a student? Please tell me. --- Please tell me if/ whether you are a student. 3) 特殊疑问句，用原句中的特殊疑问词引导：

what, who, where, when, which, why, how (many/ much/ often/ long/ old).

Who are you waiting for? Can you tell me? --- Can you tell me who you are waiting for? I want to know where he is from. She asked me what I was doing.

3. 时态：1) 主句是一般现在时，宾语从句时态不变，或根据实际情况而定, 可以是你所需

要的任何时态。 He always says (that)he is a brave boy. He tells me he lived a hard life when he was young. 2) 主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用过去的某种时态(一般过去，过去完成，过去进行，过去将来)。

They told us they went to the museum yesterday. He said he had never been to the Great Wall.

She said she was watching TV when the accident happened. He said he would go hiking next week.

3) 若从句表达的是客观真理，规律，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。

He told us the earth moves round the sun.

The science teacher told us light travels faster than sound.

练习：1. ---Can you guess __the MP4 player yesterday? ---Sorry, I have no idea about it.

A. how can he get B. how much did he pay for C. how much he paid for D. how he has got

A. how can I work it out B. how I can work it out C. how to work out it 12.As teachers, we should let our students do ______to develop their interests.

A. whatever do they like B. whatever they are like C. whatever will they like D. whatever they like

2.The summer holiday is coming. Have you decided____? 三、定语从句： A. when you are going to enjoy it B. how often are you going to enjoy it C. where you are going to enjoy it

3. Excuse me, could you tell me when ___the new Olympic center? A. are we visited B. will we visit C. we are visited D. we will visit

4. I didn’t understand ____,so I raised my hand to ask. A.what my teacher says B.what does my teacher say

C. what my teacher said D. what did

my teacher say

5. He doesn’t tell me when he___. I’ll telephone you as soon as he ___.

A. will come, comes B. will come, will come C. comes, will come D. comes, comes

6. He asked me_______. A. if she will come B. how many books I want to have

C. they would help us do it. D. what was wrong with me

7.Mr Brown couldn’t find his purse. He didn’t remember___. A. whose it was B. where it was C. what it was D. when it was

9. --We are going to fly to Paris. How about you?---We haven’t decided ______our Christmas holidays.

A. where we should spend B. that we should spend C. where should we spend D. when should we spend

10. ---Did Mr White tell you _____? --- Yes. He said he went there in 2003.

A. when he traveled to B. how he goes to Wuhan C. where he spent his holidays D. why did he visit

11.This problem is too hard. Can you show me____? 1. 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

2. 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等；关系副词有where, when, why等。 3. 关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句。2. 代替先行词。3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。 关系代词的用法:

1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue. 2. which 用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a bank. The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.

3. who, whom 用于指人，who 用作主语，whom 用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用 who 代替 whom， 也可省略。例如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？ 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）

注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时,who，that，which 可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词 + which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English

novel.

（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如： This is the person whom you are looking for. 关系词只能用 that 的情况：

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只

能用 that，而不用 which。例如： He was the first person that passed the exam. b. 被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one 等不定代词时,

只能用 that，而不用 which。例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ c. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用which。例如：

This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时, 只能用 that， 而不用 which。例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e. 以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用 that。例如： Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ 关系副词的用法

（1）when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。

（2）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

This is the place where he works. This is the place in which he works. This is the place which he works in.

（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

注意：which, where, in which 的区别

巩固练习：用合适的引导词填空。1. It must be a good place ________________we can do a lot of exercise.

2.This is the village _________________we visited last week. 3. The girl ____________hair is short is my sister.

4.The woman ___________ talked to you just now is a doctor. The woman _______ you talked to is my sister.

The woman to ___________ you talked is my sister.

5.It’s the most important thing ____ should be done at once. 6. This is the only thing ___ I have lost.

7. This is the hospital _____________ I was born in. This is the hospital in _________I was born.

This is the hospital____________ I was born.

8.The one _________ costs five hundred yuan has been stolen. 9. The girl _____________ has been to Beijing is my sister. 10.Do you still remember the town ______ you visited last year? 单选题：

1.The town ___we visited last week is much larger than before. A. it B. who C. which D. when 2.The book ___ he bought yesterday is very interesting. A. that B. why C. when D. what

3.We hate people ___talk much but do little. A. they B. who C. which D. whose 4.The letter____ I received from him last Sunday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that

5.The doctor ___I am waiting for is Mr. Smith. A. which B. whom C. whose D. why 6.This is _____I wanted. A. the one what B. which C. one which D. the one 7. I’ll never forget the days ___I spent with my dearest friends. A. that B. when C. who

8.Do you know the man ___is sitting behind Nancy? A. what B. which C. who C.which D. whether D. whom

9.--Barbara, where do you work? --I work for a company __ sells cars. A. which B. where C. what D. who

10.Do you know the man ____is running along the street ? A. who B. which C. whom

5.--- Could you tell me ____ for the meeting yesterday? --- Because the traffic was bad. A. why did you come late B. why you came late C. why do you come late D. why you come late

6.-- I’m sorry that John is out. -- Please ask him to call me as soon as he ___. A.returned B.returns

11.--Have you found the information about famous people ____ you can use for the report? C.will return

---Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet. A. which B. who C. what D. whom

12.Many young people love the songs _____have great lyrics. A. who B. which C. what 13.Yang liwei is the first Chinese astronaut ___went up into space. A. who B. whom C. which D. that

14.The green tea ____grows in south China is quite popular in China. A. who B. which C. when D. where

15. I’m looking at the photograph ___ you sent me with your letter. A. who B. whom C. which D .it

16.Look at the clouds. _____. A. It’ll rain B. It’s going to rain C. It’ll be raining D. It is to rain

17. Nearly everybody here___ when the old factory ___.

A. know; built B. is known; was built C. knows; was built D. knows; built 专项复习九从句测试 出题人：胡艳丽 审题人：李原 使用时间：4月16日 1--Do you remember _he came here?-Of course I do.His father drove him here. A.whether B.whenC. how D.why

2. ---Hurry up. The bus is coming. --- Oh, no. We mustn’t cross the street ____ the traffic lights are green.

A. after B. since C. while D. until

3.In my family, my sister is the only person ______ loves chocolate. A. which B. that C. whom D. she

4. Mary left without saying a word. I’m worried about __ I hurt her feelings.A.where B.what

7. Could you please give me your e-mail address ____ you go? A. as soon as B. before C. after D. until

8.As teachers, we should let our students do ___ to develop their interests.

A. whatever do they like B. whatever they are like C. whatever will they like D. whatever they like

9. ---How is the weather tomorrow? --- I don’t know if it __ tomorrow. ---Well, if it __, I won’t go out with you.

A. will rain, will rain B. rains, rains C. rains, will rain D. will rain, rains

10. Do you know if _____ a basketball match on TV this evening?

A. there is going to be B. there is C. will there be D. there are

11. ---Look at the noisy kids! --- Haven’t you heard the saying “ When the cat is away, the mice______.” ?

A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play 12. The green tea ____ grows in South China is quite popular in China. A. who B. which C. when D. where

13. Could you tell me ______? A. how old is your son B. that he will come here soon.

C. whether is it fine tomorrow. D. who is going to speak at the meeting

14.--Will you go to the party?--I won’t go unless Tom___. A.is invited B. will be invited C. has

invited D invites

15. Is that book ____ he borrowed on Friday? A. that B. which C. who D. the one 16. I like the second football match __________ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. /

17. Do you know which hotel ___? A. she is staying B. she is staying in C. is she staying D. is she staying in

A. what was he doing B. what did he do C. what he was doing D. what he did 28. When he arrived at the gate, he found a wallet ___ on the ground. A. laying B. lying C. laid D. lie

29. He___ wait until the rain___. A. won't, will stop B. won't, stops C. will, stops D. will, will stop

30.I wish your sister would come to visit me.-I’ll tell her when I__her.A.seeB.sawC.will 18. Kentucky is the state ____ Lincoln was born in. A. when B. where C.who D. which

19. The farmer was very thankful to the doctor ___ treated his son. A. what B. which C. who D. whose

20. Here are the photos ___ in Beijing. A. who are taken B. that took C. which I was taken D. that were taken

21. --- Excuse me, ____ to the nearest bookshop, please? --- Go straight and take the second turning on the left.

A. where the way is B. which the way is C. where is the way D. which is the way

22. Can you tell me ________? A. what are they doing that for B. why they are doing for

C. why are they doing that D. what they are doing that for

23.--- These farmers have been to the United States . ---Really? When __________ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 24. Every morning the patients are asked if ___________ their temperature taken . A. they had had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had

25. I won’t watch the TV play if my father ___ me do my homework. A. let B. will let C. won’t let D. lets

26. Is there anything ____ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs

27.The policeman asked him ______ when the accident happened.

seeD.would see

31.If you ___quiet, I’ll tell you what happened. A. will

B. are C are to be D be