英语简单的基本句型
学习目标 Ⅰ．了解英语简单句的五大基本句型。 Ⅱ．能够准确判断出简单句的句型。 Ⅲ．通过练习熟悉五大句型。 自学指导 1.
请说出下列句子斜体部分的句子成分。
1） My sister is a nurse. / Her room s on the fifth floor. 2） She works in a hospital. / She knows a little English. 3） She is writing a letter now.
4） The cold weather is turning the leaves yellow. 5） She feels very happy.
6） Everyone in the hospital works hard. 7） My mother ,a kind woman, loves me .
Ⅰ．句子结构分类 简单句（Simple Sentences） 包含一套主谓结构的句子 包含两个或两个以上主谓结构并列句（Compound Sentences） 的句子且句子之间有并列连词and/but等或用分号连接 包含一个主句和一个从句或一复合句（Complex Sentences） 个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属连词引导 句子结构分类 e.g.
We love our mother.(简单句：句子成分都由单词或短语担任，且只有一个主谓结构) 如：我爱你。
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We are good friends, but we are different in many ways.（并列句：句子成分都由单词或短语担任，但有两个或多个互补依存的主谓结构） 如：我爱你，但我不爱他。
I don’t know what I should do.（复合句：有一个或成分由从句担任，如定语，状语，主语，宾语，同位语，表语） 如：我知道你爱我。
Ⅱ．简单句的基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五中基本句型。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
1. 主谓句型（主语 + 不及物动词）S + Vi. 1.1We all breathe, eat and drink.
1.2The blind study in special schools.
1.3The war broke out between the South and North.
以上例句中的斜体部分是句子的______语。主语是一个句子的主题，是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有_____, ______, _______, _______, _______等等。
谓语动词说明主语的动作和状态。以上例句中，我们不难看出，句子的谓语动词是不及物动词，这些不及物动词可以是单个动词也可以是短语，由此，可以归纳出这些例句都属于_______ 句型。
此句型的特点是谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需要跟宾语，但有时可跟副词、介词短语等做状语。如： He laughed.
John has read widely. He lives in London.
【练一练】找出下列句子的主语并注意谓语动词。 1）Two days passed.
2）The war ended peacefully.
3）The group of children went there on foot. 4）Everybody is now studying hard. 5）The story spread all over the town.
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6）The book sells well.（主动表被动，如read, sell, wash, write, clean） 7）The sun has risen.
根据句意连词成句，并指出属于哪种句型。 _______结构
1. 你应当努力学习。
Study you hard should
2. 他昨天回家很晚。
he yesterday evening late home very went
3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。
a great deal talked we that morning
4. 会议将持续两个小时。
meeting last will the hours two
5. 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
have changes taken place great in my home in the past ten years
2. 主谓宾句型（主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语） S + Vt. + O 2.1I like China. 2.2He hates you.
2.3---How many do you need?
---I need two.
2.4We should help the old and the poor. 2.5I hope to see you again.
2.6He looks after his little daughter on Sundays 分析以上例句，可以看出斜体部分是句子的______语。句子的宾语可以由_____, ______, ______, _______, _______, ________等充当，它表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容。或者用于介词后构成介词短语。句子的谓语动词可以是单个的动词也可以是短语，如例句中的look forward to, look after等。这类句型即________句型。
此句型的特点是谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语。如：
Our team beat all the others..
【练一练】翻译下列句子，并指出句子的主干（主谓宾）
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1）I ride a bike to school.
2）Do you mind my smoking?
3）You should practice writing more. 4) We are learning English. 5) Do you know him?
（二）________结构 1. 昨晚我写了一封信。
night wrote I letter a
2. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。
afternoon I want talk to with you this
3. 这本书他读过多次了。
this he read has many book times
4. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。
finish these you reading must books two in weeks
5. 他们成功地完成了计划。
successfully carried they have out the plan
3. 主系表句型（主语 + 系动词 + 表语） S + Link.V + P 3.1He is a teacher.
3.2 Five and five is ten. 3.3He is asleep.
3.4His father is thin.
3.5The picture is on the wall.
3.6My watch is gone/lost/missing. 3.7To see is to believe.
3.8The question is whether they will come.
以上例句中的斜体部分是句子的______语。表语说明主语的性质，状态，特征或身份。通常由_______, _______, _______, _______, _______, ________等充当。以上句型属于_________句型。
此句型的特点是谓语动词是连系动词，不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表
明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。本句型中，系动词除了be以外，还可以是：
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1). Several players lay flat on the playground.
2). We should remain modest and prudent any time.
3). The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance. 4). It is getting warmer and warmer.
5). Don’t have the food. It has gone bad. 6) The facts prove true. 7). The rose smells sweet.
以上系动词可以分类为：感觉（feel, look, smell, taste, sound）;
仍然（remain, continue, stay, keep）;
变成（become, come, go, get, turn, grow）; 似乎（seem; appear）; 证明是（prove, turn out）
【练一练】 在空白处填上合适的系动词使句意完整。
1）Failure ______the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
2）The flower _______ pleasant. 这花闻起来很香。 3）I don’t _______ well today. 今天我感觉不舒服。
4）Getting up early ______ good to one’s health. 早起对健康有益。 5）I ______ angry about it. 我对此十分生气。
6）_______ careful of your health. 小心你的健康。
7）Mr. Black’s face slowly ______ red. 布莱克的脸慢慢变红了。 8）The plan ______ very practical. 这个计划听起来很实际。
9）His experiment _______ to be successful。 他的实验证明是成功的。
（三）________结构
1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。
all my are brothers students college
2. 冬季白天短，夜晚长。
days short long in the nights the are winter and are 3. 布朗夫人看起来很健康
Mrs. Brown very healthy looks
4. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
he a famous at age 15 the of became pianist 5. 孩子们，请保持安静。
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keep please children quiet
4. 主谓双宾句型（主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语） S + Vt. + Oi + Od 4.1Her mom sent her a new dress.
4.2She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 4.3He brought you a dictionary. 4.4He denies her nothing. 4.5I showed him my picture.
4.6I gave my car a wash.
4.7 I told him the bus was late.
4.8He showed me how to run the machine.
仔细观察以上例句，可以看出，斜体部分是句子的宾语，下划线部分也是句子的_____语，也就是一个句子中有两个_______语。不难发现，斜体部分为“人或者物”，称为间接宾语；下划线部分为“物或者事”，称为直接宾语。这类句型叫做________句型。
此句型的特点是谓语动词是及物动词，后面跟有两个宾语，这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语（人间物直）。
当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，通常需要介词for或to。需用to 变换间接宾语位置的动词有give, hand, offer, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend等。用
for 变换间接宾语的动词有make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, spare, fetch等
如：
Mr. Li told us an interesting
story.=__________________________________
Would you please give this dictionary to LiHua
=________________________
She ordered a new dress for herself.=____________________________ I showed my picture to him.=__________________________________ 【练一练】改写句子，不改变句意。
1）He gave me a red rose. = ______________________.
2）She made me a beautiful dress. = _________________________. 3）He brings cookies to me every day. = ________________________. 4）My father bought my sister a personal computer（手提）. = __________________________.
5）He never lends his car to others. = _________________________. 6）The police offer 3 meals a day to the prisoners(罪犯).
=__________________________.
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（四）__________结构
1. Johnson先生去年教我们德语。
taught German year us Mr. Johnson last
2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
grandma an me story interesting night told an last 3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。
handed Mary the to schoolmaster wallet the
4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
pass the would please me dictionary you
5. 他把车票给列车员看。
conductor showed the he to the ticket
5. 主谓宾补句型（主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语） S + Vt. + O + C 5.1They named the child Jim. 5.2He boiled the egg hard. 5.3He painted the door green.
5.4I found the book very interesting. 5.5We saw him out.
5.6The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take over.
5.7I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。 分析以上句子，可以看出，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整，这个补充成分叫做_________语。(斜体部分即宾语的补足语)，可以用作宾语补足语的有_______, _______, ________, _________, _________等。这个句型称作_________句型。
此句型的特点是谓语动词后虽然跟有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须加上另外一个成分（宾语补足语）对宾语进行补充说明。常用于这个句型的动词有：
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1）感官动词：see, notice, observe, watch, hear, listen to, feel, find, smell
2）使役动词：have, let, make, get 3）表示心理状态的动词：consider, think, believe, find, imagine, suppose, prove
4）表示情感状态的动词：love, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect 5）动词keep/leave使/让…保持某种状态 We must keep our school clean. They made him their monitor. 【练一练】单项选择
1）I am sorry to have kept you _______.
A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D.
waited
2）She found her dog ______ over by a car on the road.（补充知识） A. run B. ran
running
3）She felt somebody ______ her. A. touched B. touches
touch
4）I will make your dream _______.
C. to run
D.
C. touch D. to
A. comes true B. to come true C. coming truly D. come
true
5）We must have the machine _______.
A. to repair B. repairing C. repair D.
repaired
（五）主谓宾补结构
1. 他的父母给他取名为John.
John named his him parents
2. 我们大家认为他是诚实的。
all him us considered of honest
3. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。
we school make will beautiful our more
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4. 卫兵命令我们立即离开。
once the ordered guards leave to at us
5. 明天我要找人来修理机器。
will have repair I tomorrow someone to machine the 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
English read morning we him every hear aloud
7. 我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。
recorder I get my will mended
9. 他感到很难和你交谈。
to it you with difficult felt very he talk
自主检测 判断词性与成分并判断这些句子的类型
1. She is a very good girl. (_______________式) (__语) (__词) (___语)
2. The girl is very good. (_______________式) (__语) (__词) (___语)
3. They ‖ laughed. (_______________式) (__语) (__词)
4. The kites ‖ fly in the sky. (_______________式) (__语) (__词)
5. I ‖ bought a new bike. (_______________式) (__语) (__词) (__语)
6. He ‖ plays volleyball. (_______________式 (__语) (__词) (__语)
7. She ‖ told me a story. (_______________式) (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语)
8. He ‖ gave me a good book. (_______________式) (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语)
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9.He ‖ asked me to help him. (_______________式) (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语)
10.He ‖ made me happy. (_______________式) (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) 当堂训练 分析下列句子属于基本句型的哪一种？
1. All we considered him honest. 2. My grandfather brought me a pair of sports shoes. 3. He broke a piece of glass. 4. He made it clear that he would leave the city. 5. I love you more than her, child. 6. Trees turn green when spring comes 7. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 8. They pushed the door open. 9. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 10.All the students think highly of this teaching. 11.We need a place twice larger than this one. 12.He asked us to sing an English song. 13.Don’t get nervous.
14.We will make our school more beautiful.
15.He didn’t come. That is why he didn’t know. 16.She showed us her many of her pictures. 17.The old man lives a lonely life. 18.Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
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