[大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269

 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 大学英语四级分类模拟题269 Reading Comprehension A Benefit of Getting Slightly Drunk Artists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as muses (创作的灵感) for their creativity. But is there really a connection between drunkenness and inspiration? A recent study published in Consciousness and Cognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people's creativity. The authors suggest that alcohol's well-known effect in impairing (损害) executive function may be helpful for some types of creative problems: \"Sometimes a reduced ability to control one's attention can have positive implications for select cognitive tasks,\" they write. 1 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 The findings raise the question of whether drugs that increase attention and focus, in particular, stimulants (兴奋剂), would have the opposite effect on creative thinking. Very little research has been done on the issue, and what results exist so far have been mixed. The outcomes may well vary according to individual responses to the drugs. For example, some research has found that while stimulants can improve test performance for those who are less intelligent, for the smartest folks, the drugs can have the opposite effect. If less executive function is linked to more creativity, this may also help explain why artists, writers and musicians appear to be more likely to have an addiction. Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be attracted to drugs in the first place, as a possible source of inspiration. And then, if reduced executive function is responsible in part for their initial talent, this, too, could make them more susceptible to addiction once they start using. Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you'll have less ability to stop once you start. Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness, addiction and art, the authors caution that their study findings 2 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 don't give people license to get drunk to \"inspire the muse\". Co-author Jennifer Wiley, associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, told the British Psychological Society's Research Digest: \"We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk—not when people drank to extreme. There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would have the same effects.\" A glass of wine or two, however, may occasionally help. 1. Artists perceive alcohol and other drugs can ______. A.see more beauty B.clear their mind C.improve their health D.inspire their creativity 答案:D[解析] 根据题干中的Artists perceive alcohol定位到原文第一段。该段首句中指出，长久以来，许多艺术家都声称酒精和其他一些药物是其创作灵感的源泉。由此可见，在艺术家看来，酒可以激发其创造力，故选D。 2. What do the authors suggest in the recent study? A.Alcohol may affect executive function. B.Alcohol may have passive implications. C.Alcohol may decrease the ability to concentrate. 3 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 D.Alcohol may help solve some creative problems. 答案:D[解析] 根据题干中的suggest in the recent study定位到原文第一段。该段中指出了近期这项研究得出的观点，提到酒精广为人知的损害大脑执行功能的作用或许有助于解决某些类别的创造力问题。由此可见这项近期研究得出的结论重点在于酒精或许有助于解决某些创造力相关的问题，故选D。 3. What can be learned from Paragraph 3? A.Drugs are proved to prevent creative thinking. B.Very little research has been done on drugs. C.Drugs' influence on creativity is uncertain at present. D.Stimulants can make people become more intelligent. 答案:C[解析] 根据题干定位到原文第二段。该段首句中指出，该研究结果引发了另一个问题，即能够提升人们注意力和专注度的药物，尤其是兴奋剂，是否会对创造性思维产生相反的作用。随后在第二句和第三句中提到，目前关于这一问题研究的很少，而研究结果也是五花八门。这些研究结果可能会由于个体患者对于药物的反应不同而表现得大相径庭。由此可见，关于药物对于创造力的影响现在还不确定，故选C。 4. What does the word \" susceptible\" (Line 6, Para. 3) mean? A.Doubtful. 4 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 B.Worried. C.Quickly get rid of. D.Easily influenced. 答案:D[解析] 题干中的susceptible位于原文第三段第三句，可以从前后文来推断该句的含义。该段第二句中提到，也许创造能力强的人本来就比一般人更容易依赖药物。而第四句中紧呈第三句指出，如果你在服用药物之前大脑的控制能力就比较差，那么这意味着一旦你开始服药，你主动停止服药的能力也会更差。由此可以推测第三句中说的是，如果大脑执行功能的降低是这些人创造力提升的原因之一，那么这也同样可以使得他们一旦开始服用药物便更容易上瘾。由此推知susceptible意为“易受影响的”，故选D。 5. What does Jennifer Wiley want to tell us? A.Their findings do not apply to excessive drinking. B.Excessive drinking can only bring harmful influences. C.People may have a try to get drunk to obtain inspiration. D.Drinking is not really a muse for artists' creativity. 答案:A[解析] 根据题干中的Jennifer Wiley定位到原文第四段。该段中直接引用了珍妮弗·威利的话：“我们测验的是人们在微醉状态下，而非烂醉如泥时发生了什么。我们的这些发现并没有说过度饮酒也会有同样的效果。”由此可见，珍妮弗·威利意在强调他们的研究结果并不适用于过度饮酒，A项表述正确，故选A。 China's Property Market: End of the Golden Era 5 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 After years of talking up China's gravity-defying property markets, local land kings are now singing a darker tune. On May 26th 2014 Yu Liang, the president of Vanke, China's biggest developer, declared that the \"golden era\" in which \"everybody makes money out of property is gone\". That came on the heels of comments by Pan Shiyi, the boss of Soho China, another property firm, likening the country's real-estate (不动产) sector to the Titanic: \"It will soon hit an iceberg.\" Official data show the country's property market is indeed coming down to earth. During the first four months of 2014, the value of residential sales fell by nearly 10% versus a year ago, and construction activity on new homes fell by a quarter. The decline on a month-to-month basis is even more striking. Why is the market losing steam? One explanation is that there is too much building going on. Cooling demand is another reason. Despite a cultural strong liking for property—no bachelor can hope to win over a desirable bride if he does not own a home—it seems that customers may now be ready to put off their purchases. After years of double-digit (两位数的) growth, the economy is slowing. More importantly, recent price cuts of a third or more being offered by developers in some markets have started to worry would-be 6 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 buyers. These bargains are now available in wealthy coastal cities and not just in smaller cities in remote areas. Zhiwei Zhang of Nomura, an investment bank, acknowledges the problem of structural oversupply but still believes that recent policy shifts are the main factor. Pointing to a close correlation between property-market behaviour and money supply, he says the market correction was triggered mainly by the monetary-policy tightening that began in the middle of 2013. Not everyone is worried. Some think the price cuts will lead to another market rebound (反弹). Others hope policy easing will do the trick. Many big cities still enforce policies to curb purchases, argue optimists, so there may yet be pent-up (被抑制的) demand. That is a theory that may soon come to be tested. 6. What do Pan Shiyi's words mean? A.The property market is going downhill. B.The property market will soon disappear. C.The property market deserves attention. D.The property market has large influence. 答案:A[解析] 根据题干中的Pan Shiyi's words定位到原文第一段。该段首句中指出，在谈论了多年中国房地产市场的强劲增长之后，本 7 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 土地产大亨们逐渐唱起悲调。随后以万科集团的总裁和SOHO中国的总裁潘石屹所说的话进行了例证。由此可以推断，潘石屹所说的话要表达的意思即房地产行业正在走下坡路，发展不如以前那么好了，故选A。 7. Which of the following can explain the decline of the property market? A.People do not want to buy houses anymore. B.There are too many houses being built. C.Customers are waiting the housing prices to decline. D.There are less people and thus less demand of houses. 答案:B[解析] 根据题干中的explain the decline of the property market定位到原文第三段。该段首句以设问的方式寻问房地产市场失去动力的原因。随后在第二句和第三句中指出，其中一个解释是在建住房过多。需求冷却是另一个原因。由此可知，B项表述符合原文，故选B。 8. What made the would-be buyers start to worry? A.Current slow economy. B.Poor quality of the new houses. C.Rising housing price in cities. D.Constant housing price cuts. 答案:D[解析] 根据题干中的would-be buyers start to worry定位到原文第三段。该段第六句中指出，更重要的是，近期部分市场上开 8 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 发商将房价下降三分之一甚至更多的举动开始使得潜在购房者感到担忧。由此可知，令潜在购房者感到担忧的是房价的不断下降，故选D。 9. What's the main reason for the market correction according to Zhiwei Zhang? A.Monetary-policy tightening. B.Sufficient money supply. C.Less investment banks. D.Too much housing supply. 答案:A[解析] 根据题干中的Zhiwei Zhang定位到原文第四段。该段最后一句中指出，张志伟认为房地产市场行为与货币供给之间存在很强的关联性，近期市场调整主要是由2013年年中开始收紧的货币引起的。由此可知，A项表述符合原文，故选A。 10. What can we know from the last paragraph? A.The decreasing price will stimulate purchase. B.Easing policy will revive the property market. C.Big cities still need to curb housing purchases. D.The future of the property market is hard to say. 答案:D[解析] 根据题干定位到原文最后一段。该段中指出，并不是每个人都在担忧。有人认为此番降价会引起新一轮的市场反弹。其他人则希望放宽能取得成功。乐观人士认为，由于许多大城市仍在推行抑制购买，所以仍存在潜在需求。这种理论也许很快将得到 9 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 验证。由此可见，关于房地产的未来还没有一个定论，故选D。 The Benefit of \"Marrying Down\" Today, a successful single woman who falls for a man making less money than she does or not sharing her career ambition may face not-so-subtle disapproval from friends and family and be considered as she is \"marrying down\". As a couples therapist, the notion of marrying down strikes me as impossibly out of date. It's right out of the \"Downton Abbey\" era, when suitable marriages were entirely a matter of matching people according to social class and fortune hence the panic when Lord Grantham's youngest daughter marries the family's Irish driver. The notion that women should \"marry up\" endured well past the most prosperous period of the English gentry (贵族), and the most successful breadwinners were considered the most desirable mates. Well into the 20th century, relatively few high-paying jobs were available to women, so for the most part, women went to college to get their M.R.S., or maybe to land the kind of work that would put them near the right professional men. Today, more women than men are graduating from college and graduate school. Pew Research, which has been 10 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 compiling data on the topic over the past 50 years, reported that in 2012, 27% of newly-married women married a spouse with less education, while only 15% of newly-married men did the same. More education doesn't necessarily lead to greater earning power. In most U.S. cities, single, childless women under 30 now make more money than their male peers, according to the analysis by Reach Advisors, a research firm. For most strong, successful women, the alpha male (大男子主义者) of old isn't the best match: The alpha male will assume that his priorities should dominate, while the alpha woman will assert hers. And that is the problem that is hardest to deal with. What high-achieving women need are men strong enough to support their achievements, contribute to the household in services and/or money, and be loving partners. Today's romances suggest that growing numbers of smart women and men are marrying neither up nor down—they're just marrying the right person. 11. What do current people think about a successful single woman's marrying a man with less money? A.They slightly approve of such a marriage. 11 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 B.They think the man should be ashamed. C.They don't quite support such a marriage. D.They don't think money is important. 答案:C[解析] 根据题干中的a successful single woman's marrying a man with less money定位到原文第一段。该段中提到，如今，成功单身女性爱上一位挣得比自己少或者事业进取心不如她的男性可能会遭到亲朋好友的明确反对，并且会认为她是在“下嫁”。由此可见，人们是不支持这样的婚姻的，故选C。 12. What were considered when matching people in the \"Downton Abbey\" era? A.Age and interests. B.Blood and age. C.Job and class. D.Fortune and class. 答案:D[解析] 根据题干中的matching people in the \"Downton Abbey\" era定位到原文第二段。该段第二句中指出，“下嫁”完全是“唐顿庄园”时代的产物。在那样的年代，一桩合适的婚姻完全是根据双方的社会地位和身家财富来进行配对的。由此可知，D项表述符合原文，故选D。 13. What was the main reason that women went to college in the 20th century? A.They wanted to get well-paid jobs. 12 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 B.They wanted to be financially independent. C.They wanted to become professional. D.They wanted to find a satisfying husband. 答案:D[解析] 根据题干中的women went to college in the 20th century定位到原文第三段。该段第二句中指出，迈入20世纪后，提供给女性的高薪工作相对来说仍比较少，所以大多数情况下，女性读大学是为了在学校结识合适的男性然后嫁为人妇，或者是为了在毕业后能找到一份可以使自己接近优秀的职场男性的工作。由此可见，D项表述符合原文，故选D。 14. Why the alpha male and successful women are not well matched? A.They do not know how to compromise. B.They care much about other people's feelings. C.They are too busy to take care of each other. D.They are both very ambitious. 答案:A[解析] 根据题干中的the alpha male定位到原文第六段。该段首句中提到，对于大多数强势的成功女性而言，有点大男子主义的年长男性并不是最佳伴侣：大男子主义的丈夫会认为他优先考虑的事应该占主导地位，而大女子主义的妻子则会坚持她自己的考量。由此可以推知，大男子主义的男性和成功女性不是很般配的原因在于两者都太过坚持自己的观点，而不懂得妥协。故选A。 15. What does the author think about today's marriage? 13 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 A.More and more people are marrying up. B.More and more people are marrying down. C.More and more people get married for love. D.More and more people get married for money. 答案:C[解析] 根据题干中的the author think about today's marriage定位到原文最后一段。该段中提到，现今的爱情故事表明，越来越多的聪慧女性和睿智男性既不是“下嫁”，也不是“高攀”——他们只是选择了和一个对的人步入婚姻。由此可以推断，越来越多的人结婚是出于双方的情感，故选C。 Devastating Human Impact on the Amazon Rainforest Revealed The human impact on the Amazon rainforest has been grossly underestimated according to researchers from Brazil and the UK. They found that selective logging (砍伐树木) and surface wildfires can result in an annual loss of billion tonnes of carbon from the Brazilian Amazon, increasing greenhouse gas emissions. This is equivalent to 40% of the yearly carbon loss from deforestation (砍伐森林) —when entire forests are chopped down. This is the largest ever study estimating the above and below-ground carbon loss from selective logging and ground 14 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 level forest fires in the tropics, based on data from 70,000 sampled trees and thousands of soil, rubbish and dead wood samples from 225 sites in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. The forest degradation (退化) often starts with logging of prized trees. Once the forest has been logged, the many gaps in the canopy (林冠) means it becomes much drier due to exposure to the wind and sun, increasing the risk of wildfires spreading inside the forest. The combination of selective logging and wildfires damages turns primary forests into a thick scrub (发育不良的矮树丛) full of smaller trees and plants, which stores 40% less carbon than undisturbed forests. So far, climate change policies on the tropics have effectively been focusing on reducing carbon emissions from deforestation only, not accounting for emissions coming from forest degradation. Lead researcher Dr. Erika Berenguer from Lancaster University said, \"The impacts of fire and logging in tropical forests have always been largely overlooked by both the scientific community and policy makers who are primarily concerned with deforestation. Yet our results show how these disturbances can severely degrade the forest, with huge 15 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 amounts of carbon being transferred from plant matter straight into the atmosphere.\" The second author, Dr. Joice Ferreira from Embrapa in Brazil, said, \"Our findings also draw attention to the necessity for Brazil to implement more effective policies for reducing the use of fire in agriculture, as fires can both completely destroy private property, and escape into surrounding forests causing widespread degradation. Bringing fire and illegal logging under control is key to reaching our national commitment to reducing carbon emissions.\" 16. What is the possible result of selective logging and surface wildfires in the Amazon rainforest? A.More carbon is released. B.More greenhouse gas is released. C.The whole forest gets cut down. D.45 billion tonnes of carbon is lost. 答案:B[解析] 根据题干中的the possible result of...定位到原文第二段。该段首句中指出，他们发现，选择性砍伐和地表野火可导致巴西亚马逊雨林每年损失0亿吨碳，温室气体的排放量也随之增加。由此可知，B项表述符合原文，其他选项的表述均与原文不符，故选B。 17. What do we know about the study? 16 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 A.it was done by researchers from Brazil and the U.S. B.It was the largest study that ever done in the tropics. C.It explored the above and below-ground gas emission. D.It collected samples from the eastern Brazilian Amazon. 答案:D[解析] 根据题干中的know about the study和各选项中的关键词定位到原文第三段。该段中指出，这是迄今为止为了估量热带地区因选择性砍伐和森林地表野火所致的地上及地下碳流失的总量所进行的最大规模的调查。调查基于从巴西亚马逊雨林东部225处采样点选取的7万株样本树和数千份土壤、废物及枯木采样的数据。由此可知，该项研究所搜集的数据确实来自于巴西的亚马逊雨林东部，故选D。 18. Which kind of trees does the forest degradation often begin to log? A.Big trees. B.Cherished trees. C.Trees that grow fast. D.Trees of practical value. 答案:B[解析] 根据题干中的the forest degradation often begin to log定位到原文第四段。该段首句中指出，森林退化往往始于珍贵树木遭伐。原文中的prized意为“珍视的，被看作有价值的”。四个选项与原文中prized trees意思最为接近的是B项，故选B。 19. What will happen if there are many gaps in the canopy? 17 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 A.The forest will become much drier. B.The forest will need much more fertilizer. C.There will be more wildfires inside the forest. D.There will be less and less trees and plants. 答案:A[解析] 根据题干中的many gaps in the canopy定位到原文第四段。该段第二句中提到，森林砍伐导致林冠之间出现许多空隙，这意味着森林会因阳光和风的侵蚀而更为干燥，野火在森林里蔓延的风险也随之增加。由此可知，A项表述符合原文，故选A。其他三个选项中，B、D两项均未在原文中提及，可排除。C项表述过于武断，原文中说的是森林内部发生野火的几率增加，而不是一定会发生更多的野火，故也可排除。 20. What is crucial for the government to reduce carbon emissions? A.Restrict the use of fire in life. B.Plant more trees and plants. C.Control fire and illegal logging. D.Protect the forest from the wind and sun. 答案:C[解析] 根据题干中的crucial for the government to reduce carbon emissions定位到原文最后一段。该段最后一句引用该研究报告的第二作者乔伊斯·费雷拉的话指出，控制火灾和非法伐林是我们履行减排承诺的关键措施。由此可知，C项表述符合原文，故选C。 18 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 Speaking Two Languages Can Delay Dementias New research suggests that speaking more than one language may delay different kinds of dementia (痴呆), that is the lost of mental ability. In fact, researchers say, speaking two languages appears to be more important than the level of education in defending against dementias. A study in India examined the effect of knowing more than one language in delaying the first signs of several disorders. Researchers studied nearly 650 people whose average age was 66. 240 of those studied suffered from Alzheimer's (老年痴呆), the most common form of mental decline. 391 of the subjects spoke two or more languages. Investigators found the dementias began about four-and-a-half years later in those who spoke two languages compared to those who spoke only one language. Thomas Bak helped to organise the study. He is with the Center of Cognitive Aging at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. He suggests that individuals who speak more than one language train their brains by moving back and forth between different words and expressions. Mr. Bak believes this effort improves what scientists called executive functioning or attention to tasks, this mental ability 19 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 often weakens in people with dementias. Researchers found there was no extra gain in speaking more than two languages. They also did not see a delay in the first signs of Lewy bodies dementia (路易体痴呆症), the disorder causes patients to see or experience things that do not real exist. They can also cause sufferers to move back and forth between being wide awake and really sleeping. Mr. Bak says it does not appear important whether you learn a language at a young age or later in life. \"So it's not something you sort of say that 'you missed the boat when you do not do it as a baby'. It is something that is still quite useful and powerful when you do it as an adult,\" he said. Scientists found that speaking more than one language help delay the first signs of dementias, even in those who could not read. 21. Which one is the most common phenomenon of mental decline? A.Losing the ability to speak. B.Failing to recognize things. C.Alzheimer's disease. D.Being unable to fall asleep. 20 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 答案:C[解析] 根据题干中的the most common phenomenon of mental decline定位到原文第二段。该段第三句中指出，研究对象中有240人患有最常见的智力下降症状，即老年痴呆。故选C。 22. What did the study in India find? A.People started to suffer from dementias at the age of 66. B.Mental ability of people with dementias weakened. C.All people would suffer from dementias though the time varies. D.People who spoke only one language suffered from dementias earlier. 答案:D[解析] 根据题干中的the study in India find定位到原文第二段。该段最后一句中提到，研究者发现，双语者患上痴呆症的时间比只讲一种语言的人要晚约四年半。由此可见，只会说一种语言的人患痴呆症的时间较早，D项表述符合原文，故选D。 23. According to Thomas Bak, speaking more than one language can help delay dementias is because ______. A.speaking different languages can slow down the aging process B.the process of learning a new language can benefit the brain a lot C.people who speak more than one language have younger spirits 21 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 D.the brains of people who speak more than one language get more training 答案:D[解析] 根据题干中的Thomas Bak和help delay dementias定位到原文第三段。该段第二句话中提到，托马斯·巴克说那些会讲两种及两种以上语言的人通过在不同的词语和表达中来回变换使得大脑得到训练。由此可见，D项表述正确，故选D。 24. What will happen when people have Lewy bodies dementia? A.They will be unable to move freely. B.They will be unable to see things. C.They will forget their older memories. D.They will see things that do not really exist. 答案:D[解析] 根据题干中的Lewy bodies dementia定位到原文第五段。该段第二句指出，路易体痴呆症能使病人看到或体验到根本不存在的东西。D项表述符合原文，故选D。 25. What can we learn from the passage? A.The more languages you speak, the later you have dementias. B.Leaning languages in adulthood is less useful to delay dementias. C.Those who cannot read can delay dementias by speaking different languages. 22 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 D.Speaking two languages and the level of education are equally important. 答案:C[解析] 本题考查我们能够从文章中获得的信息，须注意抓住各个选项的关键词。根据C项中的Those who cannot read定位到原文最后一句。该句中指出，科学家发现，讲两种及两种以上语言能帮助延迟患上痴呆症状的时间，即使是对那些不识字的人来说也是如此。由此可知，即使是那些不识字的人，也能够通过会说不同的语言来推迟患上痴呆症的时间，C项表述正确，故选C。 Chocolate Can Be Beneficial to Health Cocoa contains chemicals called flavanols (黄烷醇) that may help reduce the risk of strokes and heart attacks by lowering blood pressure and improving the body's use of insulin (胰岛素). Washington chocolate producer Steve Kumar said that is one reason dark chocolate is increasingly popular among his customers. \"A lot of people are attracted by dark chocolate because they just decide they love it, and they also have been reading all about the health benefits of dark chocolate,\" said Kumar. But those benefits have not been confirmed by studies involving large numbers of people. Also, during the production of chocolate, a lot of flavanols are destroyed, while 23 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 sugar and fats are added to contribute to flavor. Scientists now want to learn the benefits of flavanols in their pure form. They plan a four-year study of 18,000 adults, who will take pills of pure cocoa flavanols, in what is being called the largest test of its kind. Jo-Ann Manson, of the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, is the lead researcher. \"This pill of cocoa flavanols will avoid having the calories and the sugar and the fat found in chocolate,\" said Manson. The pills also won't have any taste. Participants, divided in two groups, will take two identical pills a day. One group's pills will contain flavanols, while the others will get placebo (安慰剂) pills. \"The amount of chocolate that it would take in order to have this amount of cocoa flavanols would be more than ten times the amount that people would ordinarily eat,\" said Manson. Whatever the outcome of the study, Kumar said he's not worried about his business. \"People like the experience of actually biting into a piece of chocolate, whatever their favorites are,\" he said. The flavanol benefits test is still in the early stage, so scientists are not sure when the participants will be handed their first chocolate pills. 24 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 26. What chemical in cocoa may do good to the heart according to the passage? A.Fat. B.Insulin. C.Sugar. D.Flavanols. 答案:D[解析] 根据题干中的do good to the heart定位到原文第一段。该段中指出，可可中含有的名为黄烷醇的化学物质也许能够降低血压，并且改善人体对胰岛素的利用，从而降低人们中风和患上心脏病的风险。由此可见，巧克力中有助于心脏的化学物质是黄烷醇，故选D。 27. What is the purpose of adding sugar and fats into chocolate? A.To make chocolate healthier. B.To make chocolate tastes better. C.To reduce the cost of chocolate. D.To attract more young customers. 答案:B[解析] 根据题干中的adding sugar and fats into chocolate定位到原文第三段。该段第二句中指出，在巧克力的制作过程中，很多黄烷醇被破坏了，与此同时却加上了糖和脂肪来提升口感。由此可知，在巧克力中加糖和脂肪的目的是为了让巧克力更好吃，故选B。 28. Why do the scientists want to do the study? 25 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 A.They want to make sure if chocolate is really beneficial. B.They want to see how chocolate improve health. C.They want to know why people love to eat chocolate. D.They want to find out the benefits of pure flavanols. 答案:D[解析] 根据题干中的the scientists want to do the study定位到原文第四段。该段首句中指出，科学家现在想研究纯粹的黄烷醇的益处。随后紧接着对科学家们准备进行的研究作了详细的介绍。由此不难得知D项表述正确，故选D。 29. What will the pills of cocoa flavanols be like? A.They will be much more delicious than chocolate. B.They will have many different tasty flavors. C.They will have no calories, sugar and fat inside. D.They will contain more sugar and fats than chocolate. 答案:C[解析] 根据题干中的will the pills of cocoa flavanols be like定位到原文第四段。该段第四句和第五句中指出，该项研究的带头人曼森介绍说：“这种可可黄烷醇药丸将避免含有一般巧克力中含有的卡路里、糖和脂肪。”这些药丸也不会有任何味道。由此可知，研究者会让这些可可黄烷醇药丸中不含有卡路里、糖和脂肪，C项表述正确，故选C。 30. What do Kumar's words suggest? A.He believes people will always like eating chocolate. B.He thinks he should explore more flavors of chocolate. 26 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 C.He cares about the result of the study very much. D.He worries that people will eat less chocolate. 答案:A[解析] 根据题干中的Kumar's words suggest定位到原文第二段和第五段。在第二段第二句中，库马尔说到了他所认为人们被黑巧克力吸引的原因，然后在第五段第二句中又说道：“不管他们的最爱是什么，人们就是喜欢实实在在咬上一口巧克力的那种感觉。”由此可以推知，库马尔对于人们喜欢吃巧克力这一点很有信心，故选A。 European Farmers: Importance of Adapting to Climate Change New Stanford research reveals that farmers in Europe will see crop yields affected as global temperatures rise, but that adaptation can help slow the decline for some crops. For corn, the anticipated loss is roughly 10 percent, the research shows. Farmers of these crops have already seen yield growth slow down since 1980 as temperatures have risen, though other policy and economic factors have also played a role. \"The results clearly showed that modest amounts of climate change can have a big impact on yields of several crops in Europe,\" said Stanford doctoral student Frances Moore, who conducted the research with David Lobell, an associate professor of environmental Earth system science. 27 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 Moore described the results as somewhat surprising because Europe is fairly cool. \"So you might think it would benefit from moderate amounts of warming,\" she said. \"Our next step was to actually measure the potential of European farmers to adapt to these impacts.\" \"By adaptation, we mean a range of options based on existing technologies, such as switching varieties of a crop, installing irrigation or growing a different crop, one better suited to warmer temperatures,\" said Lobell. \"These things have been talked about for a long time, but the novelty (新奇) of this study was using past data to quantify (量化) the actual potential of adaptation to reduce climate change impacts. We find that in some cases adaptation could substantially reduce impacts, but in other cases the potential may be very limited with current technologies.\" Moore pointed out that the biggest issues are often how quickly farmers in Europe will adapt to climate change (adaptation uncertainty) and how crop yields will respond to climate change (response uncertainty). \"This paper has shown that crops in Europe are sensitive to warming and that adaptation can be important in reducing that impact,\" Moore said. \"The next question is how quickly 28 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 farmers will use the available options for adapting. Europe has already seen a lot of warming, so we should expect to already see adaptation if farmers are quick to respond to climate signals.\" 31. What does the new Stanford research show? A.People can do nothing about global warming. B.The influence of global temperature rise is increasing. C.People can do something to slow the decline for some crops. D.All crops' yields will decline as global temperatures rise. 答案:C[解析] 根据题干中的the new Stanford research show定位到原文第一段。该段中指出，斯坦福大学的新研究显示，欧洲的农场主将看到全球气温升高对农作物产量的影响，但适应变化就能减缓部分作物产量的下降。由此可知，对于作物产量的下降，人们还是可以采取一些措施使之放缓的，C项表述正确。A、D两项表述与原文不符，B项表述在原文中并未提及，故选C。 32. What happened to the crop yields since 1980? A.The yields of all the crops have been declining. B.The yield growth of some crops becomes slower. C.The global temperatures become not so stable as before. D.Policy and economic factors began to affect crop yields. 答案:B[解析] 根据题干中的1980定位到原文第二段。该段第二句中指出，种植这些作物的农场主已经发现，自1980年以来，随着气温 29 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 的升高，作物产量的增长速度逐渐放缓，尽管其他和经济因素对此也有一定影响。由此可见，B项表述符合原文，故选B。 33. What does Moore think about the results of their research? A.Unexpected. B.Unbelievable. C.Alarming. D.Pessimistic. 答案:A[解析] 根据题干中的Moore think about the results定位到原文第四段。该段首句中指出，穆尔对研究结果略感惊讶，因为欧洲还是相当凉爽的。四个选项与原文中的surprising“令人感到意外的”意义最为接近的是Unexpected，故选A。 34. What can be counted as \"adaption\" according to Lobell? A.Exploring new technologies. B.Grow crops in greenhouses. C.Install irrigating systems. D.Release less greenhouse gases. 答案:C[解析] 根据题干中的be counted as \"adaption\" according to Lobell定位到原文第五段。该段首句中罗贝尔说道：“在我们看来，‘适应’就是以现有技术为基础的一系列措施，如更换作物品种，安装灌溉设施或种植一种完全不同的但能适应较高温度的作物。”四个选项中符合原文的只有C项，故选C。 30 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 35. What does Moore suggest in the last paragraph? A.Farmers in Europe should respond faster to climate signals. B.Farmers in Europe respond well to global warming. C.The pace of global warming can be slowed down. D.There isn't any available option for adapting at present. 答案:A[解析] 根据题干定位到原文最后一段。该段首句中穆尔说到适应变化对于减少这种影响很重要，随后又说道：“下一个问题是农场主能够在多短的时间内采取可行的适应措施。欧洲已经变暖了不少，所以如果农场主能够迅速对气候信号做出反应的话，我们可以期待看到他们采取适应措施了。”由此可见，在穆尔看来，农场主们应该更快地对气候信号做出反应，A项表述正确，故选A。 In the Name of Love A common complaint about online dating is that there are far too many generic (类属的) messages, lazily copied and pasted and sent to hundreds of romantic prospects. In November 2013, Zach Barnum, a bearded, 37-year-old clothing designer, used this strategy with a different goal. In a two-hour period, he sent an identical message to roughly 800 women he \"matched\" with on the dating app Tinder, encouraging them to shop at ZB Savoy Bowtie Co., his San Diegobased business. \"Hey, check out my new bowtie (蝶形领结) company...for 31 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 all your Holiday shopping for dad, brother, uncle Jimmy!\" the message read. It included a direct link to an online store that sells bowties. In the days that followed his message, Barnum saw a 200 percent increase in unique visits to his site, leading, he said, to a modest sudden rise in sales. Barnum was surprised by the positive feedback he received on an app with poor reputation. Barnum is not the only one experimenting with the business potential of dating forums. On Valentine's Day 2010, Susan, a then-23-year-old entrepreneur, signed up for OkCupid to find a right-hand man. She was looking for the perfect candidate to co-found her start-up, Brilliant, an online community for the world's smartest young students in science, technology, engineering and math. She tried it because it was free, and she could not afford Monster.com. Susan was a 97 percent match with a 23-year-old programmer, Sam Solomon, whose profile mentioned that he mentored robotics competitions—an indication, Susan thought, of leadership qualities. For months, the two emailed back and forth, before successfully pitching their start-up to the incubator (企业孵化器) TechStars Chicago. 32 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 \" It's sort of a labor-intensive way to market,\" says Barnum, whose Tinder profile does not mention his bowtie business. In his photo, he poses in a newspaper-print bowtie, with his shirt sleeves rolled up to reveal a Celtic arm tattoo (纹身). Below that, there is a line of words states, \"Just looking for a sweet girl who likes wearing a polka dot (圆点花纹布) sundress.\" 36. What do people usually complain about online dating? A.It cannot recognize important information. B.It does not provide much personal information. C.There are too many people who just date for fun. D.There are too many similar messages. 答案:D[解析] 根据题干中的usually complain about online dating定位到原文第一段。该段首句中提到，太多同类信息是对网上约会的一致抱怨。参与者懒散地复制粘贴这些信息，然后发给许许多多有可能成为其约会对象的人。由此可知，D项表述符合原文，故选D。 37. What's Zach Barnum's real goal of using the dating app Tinder? A.To look for a girl he really likes. B.To know about 800 women. 33 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 C.To promote his own business. D.To see if the app works or not. 答案:C[解析] 根据题干中的Zach Barnum's real goal of using the dating app Tinder定位到原文第一段。该段最后一句中提到，在两个小时内，他把同样的一条信息发给约会应用Tinder上和他“配对”的大约800名女性，鼓励她们去他在圣地亚哥开的领结店ZB Savoy Bowtie Co.购物。由此可知，Zach Barnum使用Tinder的真实目的在于推广自己的生意，故选C。 38. What does the phrase \" a right-hand man\" (Line 2, Para. 4) mean? A.A man who uses his right hand rather than left hand for activities. B.A man who can work as a chief assistant and provide lots of help. C.A man who has right understanding about the world. D.A man who always knows what the right thing is. 答案:B[解析] 根据题干定位到原文第四段。该段首句中提到了苏珊想要寻找到a right-hand man，随后在该段第二句中指出，她在找寻一个和自己共建Brilliant(在线社区，面向世界范围内在科学、技术、工程及数学领域中的最聪明的年轻学生)的完美候选人。注意抓住原文中的perfect candidate to co-found，不难推断a right-hand 34 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 man是指能够帮助其发展事业的得力助手，故选B。 39. What did Barnum and Susan have in common? A.They both lived and worked in San Diego. B.They were of same age and did the same business. C.They both used dating forums to develop a career. D.They both liked to spend much time in online dating. 答案:C[解析] 根据题干中的Barnum and Susan have in common定位到原文第三、四段。该段中提到，尝试利用交友论坛挖掘商业潜能的不只巴纳姆一个。随后在第四段中详细介绍了苏珊如何利用在线社区成功发展事业的例子，由此可见，巴纳姆和苏珊的共同之处在于两者都有利用约会论坛发展事业。故选C。 40. What does Barnum mean by saying \" It's sort of a labor-intensive way to market\" (Line 1, Para. 5)? A.There are too many labor workers. B.He wants to give up his business. C.It's a competitive labor market. D.Marketing needs lots of hard work. 答案:D[解析] 根据题干定位到原文最后一段。巴纳姆在该段首句中说到“营销似乎是很耗劳力的”，随后讲到了巴纳姆并没有在其Tinder的个人资料中提到自己的领结生意。照片里他戴着报纸花纹的领结，衬衫袖子卷着，露出手臂上的凯尔特人纹身。而前文中详细 35 / 36 [大学英语考试复习资料]大学英语四级分类模拟题269 讲到了巴纳姆是如何使用Tinder成功推动了自己的领结生意，由此可以推知，巴纳姆的一系列动作行为最终都是为了进行营销，题干中引用的巴纳姆所说的话的意思是营销需要付出很多的努力，故选D。 36 / 36