常见动词过去式过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 一、规则变化:
1.一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked
2.以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced
3.以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied
4.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped,permit—permitted注：A.以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美)/travelled(英)。
B.特例:
picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked（交易,在…通行）另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后)
C.读音与说明:
①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped①.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed,stayed
①.-ed在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted 二、不规则变化
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⒈A---A---A型（现在式、过去式、过去分词同形） 动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词 cost cost cost花费 cut cut cut割，切 hit hit hit打 let let let让 put put put放下 read read read读 hurt hurt hurt伤
⒉A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形） beat beat beaten打
⒊A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形） come came come来 become became become变 run ran run跑 ⒋A ---B ---B型
⑴在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
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burn burnt burnt燃烧
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt学习 mean meant meant意思 hear heard heard听见
⑵把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。 build built built建筑 lend lent lent借给 lose lost lost失去 send sent sent送 spend spent spent花费 ⑶其他
pay paid paid付 lay laid laid下蛋 say said said说
bring brought brought带来 buy bought bought买
think thought thought想catch caught caught抓住
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teach taught taught教 fight fought fought战斗 sleep slept slept睡 keep kept kept保持 sweep swept swept扫 stand stood stood站
understand understood understood明白 win won won得胜
shine shone/shined shone/shined发光 feel felt felt觉得 find found found发现 get got got得到
hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung绞死，挂 have had had有 hold held held盛，握 leave left left离开 make made made制造
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meet met met遇见 sell sold sold卖 shoot shot shot射击 tell told told告诉
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled嗅，闻 sit sat sat坐 dig dug dug挖
⒌A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同） ⑴在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。 eat ate eaten吃 fall fell fallen落下 steal stole stolen偷 give gave given给 freeze froze frozen冻结 take took taken拿 see saw seen看见 write wrote written写
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ride rode ridden骑 drive drove driven驾驶 throw threw thrown抛，扔 blow blew blown吹 grow grew grown生长 know knew known知道 fly flew flown飞
draw drew drawn拉，绘画 show showed shown展示 ⑵过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。 speak spoke spoken说话 break broke broken破碎，折断 wake waked/ woke waked/ waken醒 choose chose chosen选择 forget forgot forgotten忘记
⑶变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。begin began begun开始
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ring rang rung按铃 sing sang sung唱 sink sank sunk沉 swim swam swum游泳 drink drank drunk饮 ⑷其他不规则动词的变化。 be(am,is) was/ were been是 be(are) were been是 do did done做 go went gone去 lie lay lain躺 wear wore worn穿
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