青海省西宁市2018——2019学年度初二第二学期末调研测试
语文
第一部分积累与运用（共30分）
一、（6小题 20分）
1、下列词语中，每对加点字的读音都相同的一项是A、难堪/劫难 蹒跚/姗姗来迟
B、怂恿/踊跃 挑逗/挑拨离间
C、拘泥/淤泥 烘托/哄堂大笑
D、修葺/作揖 累赘/伤痕累累
2、下列词语中，没有错别字的一项是 (3分）
A、贸然 春寒料峭 雾霭 雕梁画栋
B、困厄 神采奕奕 推崇 和颜悦色
C、褴褛 饥肠辘辘 斡旋 自圆其说
3分）
（
D、告罄 摧枯拉朽 藻饰 人情世故
3、依次填入下列句子横线处的词语，最恰当的一项是 （3分）
开学在即，各种校外培训机构又在广州大大小小的中小学校及幼儿园门前上演“招生秀”，这些培训机构（） ，而培训机构的教学质量与广大学子的切身利益（），所以规范校外培训机构的发展已经（） 了。
A、鱼龙混杂 息息相关 刻不容缓
B、鱼目混珠 息息相关 众望所归
C、鱼龙混杂 休戚与共 众望所归
D、鱼目混珠 休戚与共 刻不容缓
4、下列句子中，没有语病的一项是 (3分）
A、畅销读物能否成为经典作品，关键在于它具备能经受时间考验的思想性和艺术性。
B、为了提高大家阅读的兴趣，我校文学社开展了一系列的名著阅读和主题诗歌朗诵。
C、十三行博物馆举办非遗体验活动，旨在让人们领略传统文化魅力，增强文化自信。
D、广州市正在加快建立分类投放、分类处理、分类收集、分类运输的垃圾处理系统。
5、下列选项中，与上下文衔接最恰当的一项是 (3分）
打造粤港澳大湾区，要有追赶思维，更要有探索精神赶别人定下的目标，努力向前，但是，以往我们强调追赶思维，为了因为你会对前方的路一无所知。而探索精神可以让我们看清前方的路，找到经济发展的突破口，实现突围。
A、如果没有追赶思维，就有可能落后
B、如果只有追赶思维，就不可能领先
C、只要拥有追赶思维，就不可能落后
D、只要没有追赶思维，就有可能领先
6、右图是文学名著《水浒传》连环画中的一幅，请仔细观察，并按要求作答。(5分）
(1)《水浒传》中鲁达的绰号是________，与右图内容相关的情节是（）。(2分）
(2) 有人认为鲁达是个有担当的人，其他经典名著中也不乏担当的人物形象，请从《西游记》《海底两万里》《钢铁是怎样炼成的》三部作品中找出一个这样用不经法多，的人物，并作简要分析。(3分）
二、(1小题，10分）
7、古诗文默写（10分）
(1）根据课本，下列古诗文默写正确的两项是 （4分）
A、会挽雕弓如满月，西北望，射天狼
B、忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷
C、有弟皆分散，况乃未休兵，寄书长不达，无家问死生
D、鹏之背，不知其几千里也；怒而飞，其翼若垂天之云，
E、无风水面琉璃滑，绿水逶迤。微动涟漪，惊起沙禽掠岸飞
F、宣室求贤访逐臣，贾生才调更无伦。可怜夜半虚前席，不问苍生问鬼神
(2）根据课本，补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分，（六题只选四题作答）(4分）
①（），秋风吹散马蹄声。（谭期同《潼关》)
②卖炭得钱何所营？（）（白居易《卖炭翁》
③（）八年风味徒思渐。（秋瑾《满江红》)
④以中有足乐者（）（宋《送东阳马生序》)
⑤（） ，衣冠简朴古风存。（陆游《游山西村》)
⑥人知从太守游而乐， （）（欧阳修《醉翁亭记》)
(3）根据语境，在横线上填入最恰当的古诗名句。(4分）
[说明：本题有2分附加分，加分后第7小题不超过10分]
古代诗文中的亭台楼阁，往往寄托着作者的情思，岳阳楼承载着范仲淹对国家百的忧乐情怀：“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”（范仲淹《岳阳楼记》)；黄鹤楼允许这崔颢黄昏时临江远眺的乡愁：①“ （） ？（） ”（颜《黄鹤楼》)；咸阳城东楼留存着许浑对荒废的秦汉两朝宫殿的无限感慨：②“ （）（） ”（许浑《成阳城东楼》)
第二部分阅读与鉴赏（共60分）
三、(5小题，20分）
阅读下面的文段，完成8~10题。(10分）
先帝创业未半而中道崩组，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之
臣不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢宏志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。
宫中府中，俱为一体，陟罚臧否，不宜异同，若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理，不宜偏私，使内外异法也。 倚中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下，恶以为密中之事事无大小，患以咨之，然后施行，必能神补缺漏，有所广益。将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰能，是以众议举宠为督，愚以为营中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。
亲贤臣，运小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣愿陛下亲之信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。
（节选自诸葛亮《出师表》）
8、下列句子中，加点词的意义相同的一组是（3分）
A、以光先帝遗德 仿佛若有光
B、先帝简拔以遗陛下 盖简桃核修狭者为
C、悉以咨之 已而之细柳军
D、每与臣论此事 未复有能与其奇者
9、把“亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾额也”翻译成现代汉语。(4分）
10、下列对选文内容的理解和分析，不正确的一项是 （3分）
A、选文中诸葛亮颇具政治远见，向后主刘禅指出了当前天下三分的形势，并分析了蜀国面临的不利处境和有利条件。
B、选文中诸葛亮向后主刘禅提出了三条建议，分别是广开言路、严明赏罚和亲贤远佞其中最核心的是亲贤远佞
C、选文中诸葛亮指出如果他远离国都，“忠谏之路”会被堵塞，内外也会“异法”，结果必然导致国内政局的混乱
D、选文中诸葛亮提到了很多忠臣良将，认为他们都具有优良的品格，是先帝所器重的人希望后主刘禅能够信任他们
11、阅读下面的文段，然后回答问题、(5分）
工之侨的良桐焉，而为琴，弦而鼓之，金声而玉应，自以为天下之美也。献之太常，工视之，曰：勿古，还之工之侨以归，谋诸工，作断纹焉；又谋诸篆工，作古款焉；匣而埋诸土，期年出之，报以适市，责人过而见之，易之以百金，献之朝，乐官传视，皆日：“希世之珍也！”工之侨闻之，叹曰：“悲哉，世也！岂独一琴哉？莫不然矣、”（选自刘基《郁离子》)
(1）请解释下列加点词的意思 (2分）
①期年出之
②莫不然矣
（2）工之侨的琴最初不被国王认可，后来为什么又被众人视为珍宝？这一故事揭示了什么社会现象？（3分）
12、阅读下面这首古诗，然后回答问题。(5分）
野望
东皋薄暮望，徙倚欲何依。
树树皆秋色，山山唯落晖。
牧人驱犊返，猎马带禽归。
相顾无相识，长歌怀采薇。
(1) 诗句“牧人驱犊返，猎马带禽归”描绘了一幅什么样的画面？(2分）
(2) 尾联抒发了诗人怎样的感情？请简要分析。(3分）
四、(10小题，40分）
（一）阅读下面文字，完成13~17题。(18分）
北京时间2019年4月10日21时7分，世界上第一幅黑洞的照片终于在中国上海天文306会议室揭开了面纱，与上海一样，全球其他5个城市（比利时布鲁塞尔、智利圣地亚哥、中国台北、日本东京、美国华盛顿）也都在同一时间公布了这张令天文学家兴奋的照片宣布已经成功获得了超大质量黑洞的第一个直接视觉证据，该照片揭示了室女座星系团中超大质量星系M87中心的黑洞，这个黑洞距离地球5500万光年，质量为太阳的65亿倍。
【科普一下】什么是黑洞？
黑洞是现代广义相对论中，宇宙空间内存在的一种密度极大体积极小的天体，它一般是由质量足够大的恒星在核聚变反应的燃料耗尽而死亡后，发生引力坍缩产生的恒星的核心被压缩成一个体积几乎为零的数学点，在那里它有无限的密度，这个点被命名为奇点，发生这种情况时需要比光速还大的速度才能遮脱出去，因为理论上任何物体的速度都不可能超过光速，所以无论是物质还是辐射都无法进逃，任何经过黑河边界的东西，包括光，都永远被吞噬而无法脱了。虽然名字都叫黑，但长得可不一样，就像人有高矮胖瘦之分，黑润家族也可分为三类但星级质量黑润太小了，以现有的技术，直抽到它们的真客几乎不可能4月10日亮相的主角，是超大质量黑洞。
【热点一】为什么能给不发光的拍照？
这些年，黑洞这个名词频频出现在媒体报道中，想必很多人都已经对它有些了解，恒星级质量的黑洞是由大质量恒星演化到末期植心发生引力坍缩而成。中等质量黑洞和超大质量封黑洞形成的具体方式目前还没有定论、可能是由小黑洞合并形成，也可能是由黑通过吞噬物质逐渐形成，还可能是由大量气体物质直接坍缩形成。
黑洞给人最深刻的印象就是吞噬一切，甚至光线，如果是孤苹的累洞，我们真的是没办法采用电磁波手段进行拍摄了。
但通常都有物质环绕在黑洞周围，坦承一个盘状结构，叫“吸积盘”，吸积盘内的物质i围绕黑洞高速被转，相互之间由于摩擦而发出炙热的光若，释故出包括从无线电波到可见先到X射线波段的连续辐射，吸积盘处于黑洞“视界”的外部，因此发出的辐射可以逃到远处被我们探湖到。
因此，我们拍摄到的不是黑洞本身，而是利用其边界上的物质发出的辐射勾勒出来的黑洞的轮靡，就像看皮影戏一样
【热点二】为什么选择银河系中心和M87星系中心的黑洞作为研究对象？
本次首先公布的是星系M87中心黑洞的照片，银河系中的黑洞照片还在数据处理中，据悉，在银河系内，人已支了没是机的冥们多订但为什么不选择这些相对较近的黑洞进行观，而非要合进求远选择2600北年之外的银河系中心的黑洞和50万先年之外的M87星系中心的黑洞呢？这是因为这些恒星级黑的质量大小，直径相对也较小，因此从地球上观测，张角反而不如较远距离的超大质量黑洞大。
计算表明，银河系中心黑洞的视界直径约2400万公里，M87星系中心黑洞的视界直径均390亿公里，看清银河系中心的黑洞，劣美5微角秒的角分率，看清M星系中心的洞，则需要2概角秒的角分钟率，新落在了事件视界望远镜的观测能力范围内，银河系中心黑洞的视直径比M87星系中心黑润的视直径要大一些。
黑洞
图像是由“事件视界望远镜（日）项目组织获奖的。BHT把地球上的8台射电望远镜组合起来，形成了一个口径如地球大小的”成望远镜，照片拍摄于207年4月，是由事件视界望远镜合作项目在全球使用台望镜进行为期5天的观测结果，照片展示了一个中心为黑秋结构，其黑色部分是黑河投下的“阴影”，明亮部分是烧黑洞高转的媛积盘，望远镜接收到的光是5500万年前发出的。天文望远镜获取的数据量非常大，一晚上就能收集到2PB（约2000B)、如此庞大的数据难以用网络传输，必须装到硬盘里，空运到MI、约半吨重的硬盘在2017年6月义给了凯一布曼博士和她的机器算法团队，他们不仅需要垫合数据，还需要过滤像大气温度等因素产生的嗓音，并且要精确同步各地望远镜捕获的信号，布曼领导了一系列精心测试，旨在确保ET获得的黑洞照片不是某种技术故障或侥幸的结果，在某一个测试阶段，需要把合作组织拼分成4个独立的分析团队各自独立分析数，直到他们绝对确信各自的分析结果，原本预计一年洗好的照片，花了两年时间才让世界看到。
13、关于世界首张黑润照片，下列说法不符合文意的一项是 （3分）
A、这张照片是首次获得的宇宙中超大质量黑洞存在的直接视觉证据，今年4月在全球6个城市同时公开对外发布。
B、这张照片拍摄的对象是室女座星系团中超大质量星系M87，它距离地球550万光年，质量是太阳的65亿倍。
C、这张照片的拍摄工具是位于全球各地的8台射电望远镜，它们被组合起来形成了一个口径如地球大小的“虚拟”望远镜。
D、D、这张照片的拍摄时间是2017年4月，天文望远镜拍摄获取的数据量非常庞大，科学家们过了两年时间才对外公布照片。
E、14、下列说法符合文意的一项是 (3分）
F、A、恒星在核聚变反应的燃料耗尽而死亡后，发生引力坍缩就会形成黑洞，黑洞家族有多种类型，本次拍摄的属于其中的“巨无霸”。
G、B、有很多恒星级质量黑洞距离地球相对较近，但是它们的质量太小，直径相对也较小从地球上观测，张角比较远距离的超大质量黑洞大。
H、C、科学家们对银河系中心黑洞也进行了观测，这个黑洞距地球26000光年，视界直径约2400万公里，目前它的照片还在数据处理中。
I、D、布曼博士将合作组织拆分成4个独立的分析团队，各自独立分析数据，这样确保了黑洞照片不是某种技术故障或侥幸的结果。
J、15、下列对材料中相关内容的理解和分析，不正确的一项是 （3分）
K、A、首次黑洞照片拍摄活动参与人员多，调动的科研设备范围广，照片从拍摄到公
布经历的时间长。
L、B、黑洞本体是无法直接被拍摄的，但吸积盘与黑洞发生摩擦会产生辐射，这个辐射可以被探测到。
M、C、人类对子黑洞的认识，目前还是报有限，比如对一些黑洞的形成原因，科学界就有不同的猜测。
N、D、事件视界望远镜（且HI)'尽管具有强大的观测能力，但很难拍到那些恒星级质量黑洞的照片。
O、16、请根据文本内容，给“超大质量黑洞“下定义”。(4分）
P、17、为了能拍到黑洞并保证照片的可信度，科学家们采用了哪些方法？请分点概括，(5分）
（二）阅读下面文字，完成18~22题（22分）
书房的窗子
杨振声
①唉，先生，我是连一间书房都没得，你可别见笑，正因为没得，才想得厉害，我不过想到书房，连书房里每一角落，我都布置好了，今天又想到了我那书房的窗子。
②说起窗子，那真是人类穴居之后一点灵机的闪耀才发明了它，它给你清风与明月，
它给你晴日与碧空，它给你山光与水色，它给你安安静静地坐在窗前，欣赏着宇宙的一切，一句话，它打通你与天然的界限。
③但窗子的功用，虽是到处一样，而窗子的方向，却有各人的嗜好不同，陆放翁的“窗晴日写黄庭”，大概指的是南前，我不反对南窗的光朗与健康，特别在北方的冬天，南窗放进满屋的晴日，你随便拿一本书坐在窗下取暖，书页上的诗句全浸润在金色的光浪中，你书桌旁若有一盆腊棒那就更好，蜡梅在阳光的照耀下荡漾着芬芳，把几枝疏脱的影子漫画在新打扫的蓝砖地上，如漆墨画，天知道，那是一种清居的享受。
④东窗在初红里迎着朝暾，你起来开了格扇，放进一屋的清新，朝气洗涤了昨宵一梦荒唐，使人精神清振，与宇宙万物一体更新，假设你窗外有一株古梅或是海棠，你可以看“朝日红妆”；有海，你可以看“海日生残夜”；一无所有，你还可以看朝霞的艳红。
⑤“挂起西窗浪接天”这样的西窗，不独坡翁喜欢，我们谁都喜欢。然而西窗的风趣，正不止此，压山的红日科徊于西窗之际，照出书房里一种造明的宁静，苍蝇的搓脚，微尘的轻游，都带些倦意了，人在一日的劳动后，带着微疲放下工作，舒适地坐下来吃一杯热茶，开窗西望，太阳已隐到山后了，田间小径上疏落地走着荷锄归来的农夫，隐约听到母牛峰的在唤着小犊同归，山色此时已由微红而深紫，而黝蓝。苍然暮色也渐渐笼上山脚的树林，西天上独有一镶着黄边的白云冉冉而行。
⑥然而我独喜欢北窗。那就全是光的问题了。
⑦说到光，我有一种偏向，就是不喜欢强烈的光而喜欢清淡的光，不喜欢敞开的光而喜隐约的光，不喜欢直接的光而喜欢反射的光，就拿日光来说吧，我不爱中午的骄阳，而爱晨光之熹”与落日的古红，纵使光度一样，也觉得一片平原的光海，总不及山阴水曲间
光线的阴翳，或枝叶扶疏的树前下光波的流动，至于反光更比直光来得委蜿，“残夜水明楼”是那般的清虚可爱，而“明月照积雪”使你感到满目清晖，至于拿月光与日光比，我当然更喜欢月光，在月光下，人是那般隐藏，天宇是原般的素净，“疏影横斜水清浅，暗香浮动月黄昏”比之“晴雪梅花”更为空吴，更为生动；“无情有恨何人觉，月晓风清欲堕时”比之“枝头春意”更富深情与幽思。
⑧这里不只是光度的问题，而是光度影响了态度，强烈的光使我们想得明造；使我们有行动的愉悦，却不必使我们有沉思的因妹；使我们像春草一般择清楚，地向外发展，却不能使我们像夜合一般的向内收敛。强光太使我们与外物接近了，留不得一分想象的距离，强烈的光与一切强有力的东西一样，它压迫我们的个性。
⑨以北，我便爱上了北窗，南窗的光强，国不必说；就是东富和西窗也不如北窗，北窗放进的光是那般清沫而隐约，反射而不直接，说到反光，当然便到了“窗子以外”了，我不敢想象窗外有什么明湖或青山的反光，那太奢望了，我只希望北窗外有一带古老的粉墙。你说古老的粉墙？一点不错，最低限度的要老到途出点微黄的色；假如可能，古墙上生几片青翠的石斑，这墙不要去窗太近，太近则逼窄，使人心狭；也不要太远，太远便不成为窗子屏风；去窗一丈五尺左右便好，如此古墙上的光辉反射在窗下的来上，润泽而淡白，不带一分逼人的霸气这种清光绝不会侵凌你的幽静，也不会扰乱体地运思，它与清晨太阳未出以前的天光，及太阳初下夕露未溢时湖面上的水光，同是一样的清幽。
⑩假如，你嫌这样的光太朴素了些，那你就在墙边种上一行疏什，有风，你可以欣赏它婆娑的舞容；有月，你可以欣赏窗上迷离的竹影；有雨，它给你平添一番清凄；有雷，那素洁，那清劲，确是你清寂中的佳友，即使无月无风，无雨无雪，红日半墙，竹萌动，掩映于你书桌上的清晖，泛出一片青翠，几纹波痕，那般的生动而空灵。你书桌上满写着清新的诗句，你坐着那儿，纵使不读书也“要得”。
（有删改）
18、作者在想象中把书房里的每一个角落都布置好了，请问作者是如何布置他书房的窗子在的？结合文本简要回答。(5分）
19、本文的语言极具特色，结合上下文，从修辞的角度分析下列句子的表达效果，(4分）
(1）苍蝇的搓脚，微尘的轻游，都带些倦意了。
(2）有风，你可以欣赏它婆娑的舞容；有月，你可以欣雪窗上迷离的竹影有雨，它给你平添一番清凄；有雪，那素洁，那清劲，确是你清寂中的佳友。
20、作者独喜欢北窗，却花大量笔是写了南窗、东窗、西窗，这样有何好处？请结合文本简要分析。(4分）
21、作家彭定安说，本文作者对窗子的认识“已经进入审美的态度和境界，而不是纯实际的和实用的”，你同意这个观点吗？请结合全文简要分析。(5分）
第三部分写作（共60分）
五、(1小题，60分）
22、请以《别担心，我可以的》为题，写一篇文章。(60分）
要求：①文体自选（诗歌除外）。②600字以上。③文中不能出现考生的姓名和所在学
校名称。
答案：
1、B 2、D 3、A 4、C 5、B
2、6、（1）花和尚 拳打镇关西
3、（2）孙悟空 一路护送唐僧西天取经，斩妖除魔，“三打白骨精”中哪怕冒着被师父误解的风险，也要痛打白骨精，承担护送师父的责任。
4、7、（1）AD
（2）①终古高云簇此城
②身上衣裳口中食
③四面歌残终破楚
④不知口体之奉不若人也
⑤箫鼓追随春社近
⑥而不知太守之乐其乐也
（3）日暮乡关何处是，烟波江上使人愁行人莫问当年事，故国东来渭水流。
8、B
9、译文：亲近小人疏远贤臣，这是后汉衰败的原因。
10、C
11、（1）①周年，满一年 ②如此，这样
（2）①原因：工之侨把他的琴仿古化制作了，他人以为此琴为古珍
②揭示现象：很多人都习惯从事物外表判定事物好坏，而不看本质。
12、（1）画面：牧人驱赶着牛群回家，猎人们带着收获的猎物回家，好一派田园气象。
（2）举头四望，身边竟无相识的熟人或朋友，无人共分此刻的心情，惘然若失、只好唱起《采薇》之歌，与伯夷、叔齐共享心境，抒发诗人孤独无依的荒凉之感和隐逸山林之志。
13、B
14、C
15、B
16、答：超大质量黑洞是质量在太阳的几百万倍以上的一种密度极大体积极小的天体。
17、答：①选择较远的落在望远镜观测范围内的黑洞。
②组合8台射电望远镜，形成“虚拟”望远镜
③布曼博士团队精心测试，拆分团队，排除干扰。
18、①清新，有朝气，使人精神清振
②清淡而隐约的光，使人愉悦自如
19、作者最喜欢北窗，所以在书房的北窗外有一带古老的粉墙，墙上有石斑与窗子的距离适中，墙边种一排疏竹。
20，（1）运用了比喻的修辞手法，将苍蝇微尘赋予了人的动作，生动形象地表现了书房的宁静安逸。
（2）运用了排比的修辞手法，更加细致地写出了北墙外疏竹在不同情况下的情态，清如明月、夏雨、冬雪，各有妙处。同时也使文章语言读起来朗朗上口，表达了作者对北墙外疏竹的喜爱
21、为下文写北墙作铺垫，将三窗与北墙作对比，更突出作者对北墙的喜爱、同意，作者在文中将窗赋予人的情感，同时在第⑧段中指出窗的光度影响态度，从而上升到人的行为与个性，北窗的粉墙、疏竹正体现了作者的人 。
22、略
数学
本试卷分第1卷和第II卷两部分，共4页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项.
1、答卷前，考生务必用0、5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。
2、第1卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，在选涂其他答案标号。答案写在试卷上无效。
3、第1I卷必须用0、5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上，如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4、填空题直接填写答案，解答题应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤参考公式.如果事件A，B互斥，那么P（A+B）=P（A）+P（B）
第1卷（共50分）
一、选择题.本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求
1、若集合M=（r|VE<4），N=（x |3x>1），则MON =（）
A.[r|0 A.-2 B.-1 C.1D.2 3、在AABC中，点D在边AB上，BD =2DA、记CA=m，CD=n、则CB=（） A.3m-2n B.-2m +3n C.3m + 2n D.2m +3n 4、南水北调工程缓解了北方一些地区水资源短缺问题，其中一部分水蓄入某水库，已知该水库水位为海拔148、5 m时，相应水面的面积为140、0km2；水位为海拔157、5 m时，相应水面的面积为180、0km2、将该水库在这两个水位间的形状看作一个棱台，则该水库水位从海拔148、5m上升到157、5m时，增加的水量约为（V7= 2、65）（） A.1、0 x 100 m3 B.1、2 x 100 m3 C.1、4 x 109 m3D.1、6 x 109 m3 5，从2至8的7个整数中随机取2个不同的数，则这2个数互质的概率为（） A.1/6 B.1/3 C.1/2 D.2/3 6、记函数f（z）= sin（wr+）+b（w> 0）的最小正周期为T、若〈T 二、选择题.本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分，每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求，全部选对的得5分，部分选对的得2分，有选错的得0分 7、已知正方体ABCD-asic，Di，则（） A.直线bcg与DA1所成的角为90°B.直线BC；与CA1所成的角为90° C.直线BC]与平面BB，DiD所成的角为45 D.直线BC]与平面ABCD所成的角为45° 8、已知函数f（r）=r3-r+1，则（） A.f（r）有两个极值点 B.f（r）有三个零点 C.点（0，1）是曲线y=f（x）的对称中心 D.直线y=2r是曲线y=f（z）的切线 9、已知0为坐标原点，点A（1，1）在抛物线C:r=2py（p>0）上，过点B（0，-1）的直线交C于P，Q两点，则（） A.C的准线为y=-1 B.直线AB与C相切 C.OPI-JOQ > |OA D.BPI-|BQI > |BA2 10、已知函数f（z）及其导函数J\"（z）的定义域均为R，记g（z）= f'（r）、若f（；-2r），9（2+r）均为偶函数，则（） A.f（0）=09 B.g（-1）=g（2） C.f（-1）= f（4）D.g（-1）= g（2） 三、填空题.本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分 11、（1-）（z+ y）*的展开式中ry的系数为（）（用数字作答）、 12、写出与圆r2+y2=1和（x-3）2+（y-4）2=16都相切的一条直线的方程15、若曲线y=（r+a）e有两条过坐标原点的切线，则a的取值范围是 13、已知椭圆C.+=1（a>b>0），C的上顶点为A、两个焦点为Fi，Fz，离心率为过F.且垂直于AF2的直线与C交于D，E两点，DE=6，则AADE的周长是 四、解答题.本题共6小题，共70分，解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤 14、（10分） 记S，为数列（an的前n项和，已知a1=1，）是公差为.的等差数列 （1）求（an）的通项公式； （2）证明：=+-++<2 15、（12分） 已知函数/（r）=e'-ar 和g（r）= ax-jnr有相同的最小值 （1）求a； （2）证明.存在直线y=6，其与两条曲线y=f（r）和y= g（r）共有三个不同的交点，并且从左到右的三个交点的横坐标成等差数列 16、（12 分） cos A记AABC的内角A、B、C的对边分别为a、b、c，已知1+ sin A （1）若C=，求B； （2）求的最小值。 17、（12分） 已知点A（2、1）在双曲线C.=1（a>1）上，直线1交CTP、Q两点，直线AP、AQ的斜率之和为0 （1）求1的斜率； （2）若tan ZPAQ =2V2，求APAQ的面积 英语 本试卷共四大题，12页，满分110分。考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名、考点考场号、座位号，再用2B铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。 2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区 域的相应位置上；如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 听力部分 一、听录音，选出你所听到的选项。（5分）（ ） 1、A. traffic B. train C. tell（ ） 2、 A. taxi B. film C. ship（ ） 3、A. street B. sled C. straight（ ） 4、 A. stop B. go C. wait（ ） 5、 A. next weekend B. today C. tomorrow 二、听录音，选择恰当的答语。（10分）（ ） 1、 A. You can take the No.15 bus B. You can see the No.15 bus. C. Go straight and you can see the cinema.（ ） 2、 A. It’s the post office B. It’s next to the post office. C. It’s next to the supermarket.（ ） 3、 A. No, it isn’t. B. No, there isn’t. C. Yes, there isn’t.（ ） 4、 A. You’re right. B. You’re welcome. C. see you. 三、听录音，判断下列句子与你所听内容是（T）否（F）一致。（10分）（1、 There is a new bookstore in my city.（ ） 2、 I’m going to the library on foot tomorrow.（ ） 3、 Turn right at the zoo.（ ） ） 4、 Mike is going to play basketball after school.（ ） 5、 Tina is going to Beijing with her mother. 四、听对话并填空。（10分） 1、 The __________ __________ is on your right. 2、 __________ do you get there? __________ __________. 3、 Turn right at the __________. Then you can see the __________. 4、 The nature park is __________ __________ my school. 5、Jack is going to Hainan by __________. 笔试部分 一、语法选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Xian Xinghai was a very famous musician in China. He wrote one of the greatest pieces of the 20century. In his short life he wrote-1 300 songs and an opera. Xian was vom in pony, Guangdong, China in 1905. Because his father died before he was born, Xian moved from place to place with-2 mother. He began learning to play_3 he was 20 years old. In the beginning, his violin was cheap and badly made that hem_5 not play it well. His friends laughed at him. Xian did not stop6and soon talent. In 1934, he was one of the first Chinese students_7 studied in a special music school in Paris. Before he8, Xian became the schools best student9 won for his talents. In 1935, he returned to China and helped fight against the Japanese army. Later, he came tofan’an10music at a college.11there were no pianos in Yan’an at that time Xian 12of his most important music there, including The Yellow River, his most . In May 1940, Xian 13to the Soviet Union by the Chinese Communist Party to for movies. In the Soviet Union, life was very14. Xian got sick and later died of a 15October 30, 1945, aged only 40. Xian’s music, however, lives on in the people’hearts. 1. A.near B. nearly C. nearby D.nearer 2. A.he B. him C. his D. he’s 3. A.a B. an C. the D. this 4. A.so B. such C. very D. much 5. A.need B. may C.should D. could 6. A.practice B.practicing C.to practice D.practised 7. A. what B. which C.whom D. who 8. A.leave B. leaves C. left D. was leaving 9. A.and B. but C. as D. or 10. A.teach B.taught C.teaching D. to teach 11. A.If B. Although C. When D. Because 12. A.any B. little C. fwd. some 13. A.sent B. was sent C. has sent D. was sending 14. A.hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest 15. A.at B. in C. on D. by 二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~25各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Before graduating college, Jackie began to look for a job. She aimed at a famous company, butte 16for such jobs was very strong. The company Jackie chose planned to employ only , but more than twenty people applied for the job.17, Jackie was one of the three invited for the final interview. The interview was very 18_.The interviewer asked just few questions and it was all over in less than 10 minutes. Then the interviewer said to them, 'All of you are very good. Please go home and 19 our response. Three days later, Jackie received a message saying she would not be20 the job. She disappointed. That evening. however she received another21. This time it said that got the job. Jackie later found out that the first message sent to her phone was part of the interview a22to see if she was suitable for the job. All the three people received the_23 _text reply24 the company Of the three, one did not reply. The other said“goodbye”and Jackie said“thank you”. This reply showed that Jackie was a/an25person, so the offered her the job. 16. A.exams. works. competition D.plan 17.A. thankfully. unluckily. hopefully.Immediately 18. A.longi. strict C.interesting. simple 19. A. pick up B. wait torc. deal with D. think of 20. A.offered. returned. refused. shown 21. A.letter. e-mail. call D. message 22. A guided. conversation. test D. lesson 23. A. same. other C. second D. whole 24. A.reached. satisfied.helped. surprised 25. A. brave B. clever C. polite D. honest 三、阅读（共两节：满分45分） 第一节阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分,满分40分） 阅读下列短文，从26~45各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 （A） For his eleventh birthday, Lin was given a gift that would shape his life. On that day his him to the Children’s Activity Centre and said he could choose any course that interested him. There was just one requirement: Lin would have to promise to study it for at least one year. To that point Lin had had many hobbies, but none kept his interest for more than a week . His mum once gave him a bag of stamps to encourage stamp collecting. That hobby lasted week. Then his father got him some paints hoping that Lin’s artistic side would shine through. Those paints were now under his bed, still unopened. This time Lin’s parents would let him decide. Lin’s eyes moved down the that listed all the courses on offer. He stopped at'Photography'. He liked the idea of taking beautiful pictures but the notice said that each their own camera. Although Lin’s family weren’t poor, they weren’t rich either, and camera cost a lot of money. He continued looking. The next course to catch his eyewash'Language Art'. He didn’t even know what that meant. His father explained that it taught people how to make public speeches. Lin, a shy boy, could think of nothing worse. Then he saw it.'Cooking'sounded like something he’d like to do. It was inexpensive and it could be done alone and it was also creative. Based on Lin’s hobby history, his dad had doubts, but he agreed. Much to his parents’surprise,Lin kept his promise. He studied cooking at the Centre every Saturday, and practised at home,making delicious meals for his family. Everyone looked forward to birthdays, when they could ea this cakes. Lin got great satisfaction from the pleasure his food brought to others. The months turned to years but his hobby never changed again. Now Lin is an adult and runs a successful restaurant. When customers say they enjoy his meal, he still gets the same pleasure he did as a child, and remembers the special gift he received all ago. 26. Why didn’t Lin choose to study photography? A. It was too expensive. B. He had no interest in it. C. He was not very creative. D. It was not offered that term. 27. The underlined expression'catch his eye'in Paragraph 4 means“”. A.make him excited B.cause him surprise C.get his attention D.help him see clearly 28. Which of the following best describes Lin’s interest in cooking? A. It only lasted for a short time. B. It seemed to match his character. C. It was forced on him by his parents. D. It developed slowly over many months. 29. Why did the father have doubts about Lin’A.Lin wasn’t good at cooking. B.Cooking wasn’t very convenient. C.He didn’t think Lin would continue. D.Cooking wasn’t a good hobby for a boy. 30. What’s the best title for the passage? A.A Strict Father B.A Changeable Boy C.The Fun of Cooking s choice of cooking? D.The Birthday Gift （B） Experts believe that there are more than 8 million restaurants in the world today. So it you to learn that restaurants, as we know them, have only existed for a few centuries. Before 1765, there were no restaurants. That is, there were no places that provided the . There was nowhere in which a waiter brought you food and drink that you picked from menu. In fact, there were no menus anywhere. There were eating places travellers could go to centuries before that. The countryside was inns that would serve food. And there were taverns where one could get drinks. The rich eat special meals prepared by private cooks. But none of them could be called a“restaurant”. A man called Boulanger changed that. In 1765, he opened a place in Paris that sold soups（汤）. On his sign he used the word'restaurant'to describe what he was selling. At that time, soups something that could help'restore'（恢复）your health- in French the word'restore'is“”-- so he called the soups'restaurants'. Soon, people started buying Boulanger’s soups even when they were not ill. And over time, people began to use the word'restaurant' to refer to a place selling soup rather than the soup itself. More'restaurants'opened in France, and people began to buy soups more often. Later, restaurants in Paris began to serve other food besides soup. In the 1790s,menus appear. By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurants throughout the world. States offered coffee shops. Tea houses became popular throughout China. Paris restaurants for the rich. The British began to copy the French, and the restaurant throughout the British Empire. Today cities are filled with all types of restaurants. Diners have millions of options to choose. 31. What is the passage mainly about? A.How restaurants developed B.What made a good restaurant. C.Who created the first restaurant D.Why restaurants became popular. 32. According to the first paragraph, what made restaurants different from earlier eating places? A.Restaurants only served food B.Restaurants were more expensive C.Restaurants were mainly in cities D.Restaurants had a list of meal choices 33. Who did Boulanger expect to come and eat at his restaurant? A.Rich people B.Sick people. C.Travellers. D.Workers. 34. When it was first used. what did the word'restaurant'refer to? A.A person. B.A place. C.Illness. D.Soup. 35. When did restaurants begin to grow internationally? A.In the 1600s. B.In the 1700s. C.In the 1800s. D.In the 1900s. （C） Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don’know is that junk（垃圾）has become a problem in outer space too. According to BBC News, there are more than 22, 000 pieces of space junk floating around i. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes （望远镜）. There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can’t see. Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speed that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous . If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle. To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. For example, when a U.S. satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2,000pieces, increasing the amount of space junk. To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only staain space for 25 years at most. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth’s atmosphere time. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up. Many suggesting different ways to clean up space junk. In are testing a metal net that can be fired into space junk. The net catches the junk and then it into the earth’s atmosphere to burn up. The Germans are building robots that can of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely destroyed. The problem is becoming more challenging because we’re sending more objects into space to help people use their mobile phones and computers,says Marco , an Italian. “The time to act is now. The longer we leave the problem, the bigger it will become,”he says. 36. What does the underlined word“these”in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.Telescopes. B.Satellites. C.Pieces of space junk. D.BBC news reports. 37. Why is space junk considered a problem? A.It buns up after it re-enters the atmosphere B.It often stops the view of telescopes on Earth C.It could force new space tools to travel at slower speeds D.It may crash into other space tools causing damage or geat 38.Countries want future space tools to be able to fall back into the earth’atmosphere so that. A.the tools can be reused later B.the tools don’t become space junk C.the earth’s atmosphere can stay clean D.the effects of space flight can be studied 39. How do the Germans plan to deal with space junk? A.Catch it with nets. B.Use robots to collect it. s C.Burn it in the earth’s atmosphere. D.Send it further away from the earth. 40. In which section of the newspaper would you probably read this article? A.Environment. B.Local News. C.Education. D.Fashion. 41. How are the books on this webpage listed? A.By price. B.By popularity. C.By reader’sage. D.By writer’ s name. 42. What is true about the book Women in Science? A.It is mainly about Marie Curie’s history. B.It lists all the important scientific achievements. C.It includes women scientists that aren’t famous. D.It is mostly about the development of modem science. 43.How much will a best book Book Club member pay in total if he orders First Big book of A Really Short History of Nearly every thing today? A.$34. B.$30. C.$26. D.$24. 44.A primary school student who needs to write a science report about African elephants . A.Women in science B.First Big Book of How C.A Really Short History of Nearly Everything D.National Geographic’s First Big Book of the World 45. What is the main purpose of this webpage? A.To sell books to young readers. B.To attract new book club members. C.To encourage students’interest in science. D.To review books young readers might like. 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 阅读短文及文后A~E选项，选出可以填入46~50各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Most of us think the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.46 fact, an Italian named Antonio was officially recognise（认定）as the inventor a few . Who is and why wasn’t he known for his invention at the time? Antonio was born in Italy in 1808. He studied engineering and drawing. During,started to experiment with electricity. 47 When two places were with wire, people in those places could hear each other talk. In 1850, and his wife. Ester. moved to New York.was worried about his wife,because she had become very ill. 48 To solve this problem, he connected metal his home and his workshop. This way, they could talk to each other conveniently. invited a group of people to see his new invention. They listened in amazement as of a singer was heard through the wires. 49Even worse, never applied for a patent （专利） on his invention.Meanwhile, Alexander Graham Bell was working on the same idea and in 1876 the patent for was given to him. In 2002, more than a century after ’s death, his work was finally recognise by . 50 A. He discovered that sound could travel through metal cables. B. However, he asn’ t the first person to think of the idea. C. Unfortunately, only a few people attended this talk. D. He will now be known all over the world as the telephone’s inventor. E. He needed to keep in touch with her at all times. 四、写作（共三节；满分35分） 第一节 单词拼写（共6小题；每小题1分，满分6分） 根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。在填写答卷时,要求写出完整单词。（每空限填一词） 51. Please open the wand let some fresh air in. 52. The kind boy was happy to seis food with the hungry man. 53. To keep healthy, you should do sports and have a . 54.cross the road when the traffic light is red. 55. By reading 30 minutes a day, you can learn more words writing. 56. The students are very h. They clean houses for the old people every weekend. 第二节 完成句子（共7小题；每小题2分,满分14分） 根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。（每空限填一词） 57.你沿丝绸之路旅游过吗？ ever along us the Silk Road? 58.参观广州博物馆对我们很有教育意义。 very educational for us guangzhoum Museum. 59.明天的大雨可能会阻碍我们外出。 The heavy rain manus tomorrow. 60.广州的公园每年都种很多树。 Every year, a lot of the parks in Guangzhou。 61.我昨晚看的那场电影真好笑！ movie I saw last night! 62.我想知道明天我们在哪里见面。 I wonder meet tomorrow. 63.如果你足够细心,就不会犯简单的错误。 You won’fany simple careful enough. 第三节 书面表达（共1题；满分15分） 你是英语校报编辑李华。校报收到初一新生Ben的来信，他提出了所面临的两个问题。 请你根据以下提示写一封回信，说明Ben的问题，提出你的建议并陈述理由。 Dear Ben, I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble getting used to life in middle school you’re your letter you said that…… Good luck with everything! Li Hua 注意： （1）回信应包括所有要点； （2）词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入词数）； （3）不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。 参考答案： 听力材料： 一、听音，选出你所听到的选项，本题听两遍。（5分）听力材料： 1、 You must pay attention to the traffic lights. 2、—Hey, Linda. How does your father go to work? —He usually goes by taxi. 3、 —Excuse me. I’m new here. How can I go to the post office?—Go straight and then turn right. The post office is on your left. 4、Don’t go at a red light. 5、 I’m going to do my homework this evening, and I am going to see a film tomorrow. 二、听录音，选择恰当的答语,本题听两遍（10分）听力材料： 1、 Excuse me, sir. How can I get to the hospital? 2、 Where is the post office? 3、 Is there a park near here? 4、 Hey, John. You must pay attention to the traffic lights when you cross the road. 5、It’s Saturday tomorrow. I’m going to see a film with my family. 三、听录音，判断下列句子与你所听内容是（T）否（F）一致，本题听两遍。（10分）听力材料： 1、 —Is there a new cinema in your city? —No, there isn’t. But there is a new bookstore in my city. 2、—Where are you going tomorrow? —I’m walking to the library. 3、 —How can I get to the post office? —Turn left at the zoo. 4、 —What are you going to do this afternoon, Mike? —I’m going to play football. 5、 —Where are you going next week, Tina? —I’m going to Beijing with my sister. 一、ABCAB 二、CABCB 三、BACBA 笔试： 一、语法选择 1-5 BCCAD 6-10 BDCAD 11-15 BDBAC 二、完形填空 16-20 CADBA 21-25 DCABC 三、阅读理解 26-30 ACBCD 31-35 ADBDC 36-40 CDBBA 41-45 BCDDA 46-50 BAECD 51. window 52. share 53. diet 54. Never 55. improve 56. helpful 57. Have you; traveled/ Have you ; travelled 58. It is to visit 59. keep/stop/prevent; going 60.are planted 61. What a funny 62. Where we will 63. make: if, are 第三节 书面表达 参考范文： Dear Ben, I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble getting used to life in middle school. In your letter you said that you always felt lonely because of having few friends. I think it is a good choice to join some clubs in your school. In this way. you can make more friends who share the same interest with you. Besides, you d better be friendly to others. Smile at others and you are sure to get a smile in return. On the other hand, you found it difficult English words. Reading more English stories and news can help you learn English words in a practical way. In addition, if you can develops habit of keeping an English diary every day, it will be easier for you more words. I hope you will find these suggestions useful. Li Hua 因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容