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The future is in our genes
Good afternoon,ladies and gentlemen.Thank you all for coming to this lecture. ________the course of my career,I have seen many wonderful scientific developments,but________are as
game-changing as genome editing.I am full of excitement about the possibilities ________this scientific advance can bring and I hope to share my excitement ________you today.
____many of you may already know,genes play a critical role in______(shape)our lives.Everything from the colour of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on genes.The complete set of genes inside a cell or any living being is called a genome.Our own personal genome carries all the information________(need)to make us grow and develop.It also contains information________ helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of ________(contract)certain diseases.Some people,for example,carry a gene that makes them more likely________(catch)a certain virus or develop a particular form of cancer.
Geneticists________(try)to identify which genes relate to which diseases,________they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and________(prevent).It allows________(gene)to make changes to the genome by correcting,adding,deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material.In the near future,geneticists hope to apply this technology________(treat)a wide range of health problems.Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person's vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.Ultimately,this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases ever developing by correcting______(normal)genes early on.Genome editing,_________(serve)as a new weapon in the fight against diseases,will lead to a fundamental change in our approach________ health care.
As the technology continues to develop ________a fast pace,_________questions arise about ________to use it appropriately.Should we restrict our use of this technology ________the treatment and prevention of diseases?Should we prohibit geneticists________(use)it to enhance healthy bodies?One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance________ colds and flus,to make people________ (tall),to help their muscles develop faster,to________(sharp)all of their senses or to make them more intelligent.We will be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born,________ (create)some have called \"designer babies\".However,is this a good thing?What consequences might it have?Philosophers,geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle________ such moral issues.We have to figure________how to keep the technology from running wild.This means________(put)appropriate controls________ place to make sure that genome editing will work________ our advantage. ________them,genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
There is still much________(explore)and debated on the subject of genome editing. ________the
public argument over this technology,its possibilities have been creating much excitement
________the entire medical community and ________. ________doubt,genome editing is one of the greatest_________(innovate)in the history of science.Thank you for listening.
Acupuncture:magic needles
One of the most famous Chinese medical treatments is the art of\"magic needles\Chinese acupuncture.It was developed long ago,perhaps as early as 2000 BCE.There is evidence________ acupuncture dates back ________the Stone Age,s________tone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body.
_____acupuncture developed,the simple bian stones were replaced by stone needles.Eventually, metal needles began to appear and took place of stone needles.These solid needles are made of different metals,_______gold and silver.Some acupuncturists today still use gold and silver needles,but the________(major)have now switched__ stainless steel ones.In addition to the changes in material,the shapes of the needles have also changed____time.______(origin),there were nine different kinds of needles,with variations ________shape.Nowadays,the fine sharp needles ________measure usually between 15 and 75 millimetres________ length are still used.________most of the others have been replaced by________(complex)medical instruments.
So what happens during a visit________ the acupuncture clinic?First,the________(acupuncture) examines the patient,________(look)at the patient's skin and tongue,listening to the sound of his or her voice and breathing,smelling his or her breath.Then the acupuncturist asks some questions about the patient's condition and feels his or her pulse.This is a________ (particular) important step according to the energy theory behind acupuncture.The acupuncturist can check the pulse in three positions________ each wrist,and every one of them is connected with a major body organ.By checking all the positions,the acupuncturist can find out________energy channel does not have enough energy.
According to the results of the check-up,the acupuncturist then selects certain points on the body________(call)acupuncture points.Needles ________(push)into the skin at these points so that a health problem can be treated.Up to now,more than 360 acupuncture points________(identify),each________(link)to a different part of the body.Sometimes the needles are pushed into points near the body part________(affect)by a disease,and sometimes into points that are not so close to it.
Over the years,acupuncture has been used to treat a wide________(vary)of health problems, ________(include)severe pains,blood pressure issues,stomach________(comfort),sport injuries and weight problems.And it has been used to treat more than just physical problems-acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps with mental problems like depression and anxiety too.Acupuncture has also________(apply)to treat people________ abuse alcohol,tobacco or drugs.
________acupuncture actually works is not clearly understood.For example,there are different theories ________(try)to explain how it eases pain,but no agreement________(reach).One theory________(explain)this phenomenon suggests that acupuncture blocks pain signals________ reaching the brain.Another theory relates acupuncture ________the production of a substance in the body which can reduce pain.
________the ________(certain)about its medical basis,acupuncture has become a popular form of treatment.As a unique________ (contribute)of traditional Chinese medicine,acupuncture spread to many other Asian countries,such as Japan,as early as the 6th century.It was introduced to the West around the 16th century.In 2010 acupuncture was included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List(联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录).Today，acupuncture is recognized as a symbol of traditional Chinese culture and has come into widespread use around the world.The World Health Organization recommends acupuncture________ a good treatment for over 100 medical problems. ________doubts about its safety have gradually disappeared,interest continues to grow.
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