SectionI
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
UseofEnglish
Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.ThatisSciences,haswhich
42.31,932uniquesubjects
1astudy,publishedfromtheUniversity
ofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyof
Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconductedwereusedinboth
5.6,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,
pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeople
While1%mayseem7who
professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven
theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeople8ourkin.”
9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedin
10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilar11it.Therecouldbemanymechanisms
1314!16why
Thestudy
friendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.environmentsbutthereismoreworkingtogetherthat
12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends
“functionalkinship”ofbeingfriendswithtobeevolvingbeingamajorsimilar
191517Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseem
thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelpfactor.
18tobefriendthoseof
20that
humanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironment
Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s
backgrounds,saytheresearchers.Thoughallthesubjectswere
drawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakentoallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.
英语(一)试题.1.(共14页)1.[A]when2.[A]defended3.[A]for4.[A]compared5.[A]tests6.[A]insignificant7.[A]visit8.[A]resemble9.[A]again10.[A]Meanwhile11.[A]about12.[A]drive13.[A]accordingto14.[A]chances15.[A]later16.[A]forecast17.[A]unpredictable18.[A]endeavor19.[A]political20.[A]see
[B]why[B]concluded[B]with[B]sought[B]objects[B]unexpected[B]miss[B]influence[B]also[B]Furthermore[B]to[B]observe[B]ratherthan[B]responses[B]slower[B]remember[B]contributory[B]decision[B]religious[B]show
[C]how[C]withdrawn[C]on[C]separated[C]samples[C]unreliable[C]seek[C]favor[C]instead[C]Likewise[C]from[C]confuse[C]regardlessof[C]missions[C]faster[C]understand[C]controllable
[D]what[D]advised[D]by[D]connected[D]examples[D]incredible[D]know[D]surpass[D]thus[D]Perhaps[D]like[D]limit[D]alongwith[D]benefits[D]earlier[D]express[D]disruptive
[C]arrangement[D]tendency[C]ethnic[C]prove
[D]economic[D]tell
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartADirections:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
英语(一)试题.2.(共14页)Text1
KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?
TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.
Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularityasheadsofstate.Andso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticancityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.
Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory–andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday–embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.
Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.
WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.
ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice–asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.
英语(一)试题.3.(共14页)21.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlofSpain
[A]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals.[B]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport.[C]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals.[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment.
22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly
[A]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto.[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality.[C]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus.[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment.
23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?
[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges.24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles
[A]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.[D]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?
[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats
英语(一)试题.4.(共14页)Text2
JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.
Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.
ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.
TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone–avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation–issimilarto,say,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing”,meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.
Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.CitizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.
Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyburdensomeforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhilewaitingforawarrant.Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.
ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.
英语(一)试题.5.(共14页)26.TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto
[A]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.[B]searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.[C]checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.27.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof
[A]disapproval.[B]indifference.[C]tolerance.[D]cautiousness.
28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentsiscomparableto
[A]goingthroughone’swallet.
[B]handlingone’shistoricalrecords.[C]scanningone’scorrespondences.[D]gettingintoone’sresidence.29.InParagraphs5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat
[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.[D]citizens’privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected.30.OrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat
[A]theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.[B]principlesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.
[C]California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.[D]newtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.
英语(一)试题.6.(共14页)Text3
ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.
“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuscriptswillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.
Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”
GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”
JohnIoannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearchmethodology,saysthatthepolicyis“amostwelcomestepforward”and“longoverdue”.“Mostjournalsareweakinstatisticalreview,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.Ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewismoreessentialthanexpertreview,”hesays,buthenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternalMedicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalreview.
Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalysedata,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglycommoninpublishedresearch,accordingtoDavidVaux,acellbiologist.Researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein2012,butjournalsshouldalsotakeatougherline,“engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverifytheprocess”.VauxsaysthatScience’sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians“hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentify‘thepapersthatneedscrutiny’inthefirstplace”.
英语(一)试题.7.(共14页)31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that
[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.[D]lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.32.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto
[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked.[D]stored.
33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay
[A]poseathreattoallitspeers.[B]meetwithstrongopposition.[C]increaseScience’scirculation.[D]setanexampleforotherjournals.
34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow
[A]addstoresearchers’workload.[B]diminishestheroleofreviewers.[C]hasroomforfurtherimprovement.[D]istofailintheforeseeablefuture.
35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?
[A]ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers[B]ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect[C]DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’Desks[D]StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience
英语(一)试题.8.(共14页)Text4
Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch’sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions”.Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But“it’sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit.”
Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:“It’sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.”ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.
Asthehackingtrialconcludes–findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge–thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thislongstorystillunfolds.
Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefencewasthatsheknewnothing.
Intoday’sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganisationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.
ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions–norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.
英语(一)试题.9.(共14页)36.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupsetby
[A]theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism.[B]companies’financiallossduetoimmoralpractices.[C]governmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues.[D]thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions.37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that
[A]GlennMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime.[B]morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking.[C]AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge.[D]phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions.38.TheauthorbelievesthatRebekahBrooks’sdefence
[A]washardlyconvincing.[B]centeredontrivialissues.
[C]revealedacunningpersonality.[D]waspartofaconspiracy.39.Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows
[A]amarginalizedlifestyle.[B]unfairwealthdistribution.[C]generallydistortedvalues.[D]arigidmoralcode.40.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?
[A]Thequalityofwritingsisofprimaryimportance.[B]Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.[C]Commonhumanityiscentraltonewsreporting.[D]Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.
英语(一)试题.10.(共14页)PartB
Directions:
Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.(41)________________________________Youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstancebymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:Whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere.
Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.(42)________________________________
Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor“true”meaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.(43)________________________________
Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.(44)____________________________________Thisdoesn’t,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsonthepage–includingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns–debatesabouttextscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.
Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.(45)________________________________Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggest–asothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo–thatwebringanimplicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn’tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracy,orrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.
英语(一)试题.11.(共14页)[A]Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfilsthe
requirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.
[B]Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgender,
ethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.
[C]Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,using
cluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.
[D]Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygiven
sentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.
[E]Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstance,abouthowthetextmaybe
significanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity–inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.[F]Inplays,novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedby
theauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts.[G]Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhat
wemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveinatext’sformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.
英语(一)试题.12.(共14页)PartC
Directions:
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Withinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigration–oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory–sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.(46)Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.(47)TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces–theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes,andmanyotherswhoattemptedtotransplanttheirhabitsandtraditionstothenewworld.(48)ButtheforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinaraw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.Buttheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhich,althoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanyways,hadacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican.
(49)ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and-16th-centuryexplorationsofNorthAmerica.Inthemeantime,thrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexico,theWestIndies,andSouthAmerica.ThesetravelerstoNorthAmericacameinsmall,unmercifullyovercrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyage,theysurvivedonbarelyenoughfoodallottedtothem.Manyoftheshipswerelostinstorms,manypassengersdiedofdisease,andinfantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtunbearablylongdelay.
TotheanxioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.Saidonerecorderofevents,“Theairattwelveleagues’distancesmeltassweetasanew-blowngarden.”Thecolonists’firstglimpseofthenewlandwasasightofdensewoods.(50)Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasarealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber.Herewastherawmaterialofhousesandfurniture,shipsandpotash,dyesandnavalstores.
英语(一)试题.13.(共14页)SectionIII
PartA51.Directions:
Writing
Youaregoingtohostaclubreadingsession.Writeanemailofabout100wordsrecommendingabooktotheclubmembers.
Youshouldstatereasonsforyourrecommendation.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.
Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)
PartB52.Directions:
Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,youshould
1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.
YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET.(20points)
手机时代的聚会
英语(一)试题.14.(共14页)Section Ⅰ Use of English
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.D11.B 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.ASection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart A
Text 1 21.D 22.C 23.B 24.A 25.CText 2 26.C 27.A 28.D 29.D 30.DText 3 31.B 32.C 33.D 34.C 35.AText 4 36.A 37.B 38.A 39.C 40.BPart B
41.C 42.E 43.G 44.B 45.A
Part C
46.在各种强大动机的推动下,这场迁移从荒野中造就了一个民族,并循其本质塑造了一片全新的特点,决定了它的命运。
47.合众国是两股主要力量作用的产物——一是具有不同思想、风俗和民族特点的欧洲各民族的迁入,二是一个新国家因改变了这些特性而产生的影响。
48.但是美洲特有地理条件的作用,不同族群间的相互影响,加上在一片荒蛮新上维持旧方式的巨大困难,所有这一切引起了意义深远的变化。49.在十五、十六世纪的北美探险过去一百多年后,首批满载移民驶向今天合众国这片疆土的船只横穿过了大西洋。
50.郁郁葱葱、树种繁多的原始森林是一座从缅因一直向南绵延到佐治亚的天然宝库。
Section Ⅲ Writing51.见分析52.见分析
2015年全真试题答案
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