SectionI
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica’spopulation.1，homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentscan’t
2.Tohelphomelesspeople
34independence,thefederaltheminimumwage,andfund
possibly
UseofEnglish
governmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,morelow-costhousing.
56everyoneagreesonthenumberofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates
7thefiguremayvary,analystsdo
8.Oneofthe
anywherefrom600,000to3million.
9agreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessisfederalgovernment’sstudies
nearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.
thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreach
Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.
11whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda1312thatwillgive
themthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday
thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadults
14notaddictedormentallyill,simply
16.BostonGlobe
areaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,lacktheeverydayare181715skillsneededtoturntheirlives
reporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthere
programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.19it,“Therehastobe
20ofprograms.What’sneededisa
EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegein
Massachusetts,packagedeal.”1.[A]Indeed2.[A]stand3.[A]in4.[A]raise
[B]Likewise[B]cope[B]for[B]add
英语试题.1.[C]Therefore[C]approve[C]with[C]take
（共14页）[D]Furthermore[D]retain[D]toward[D]keep
5.[A]Generally6.[A]cover7.[A]Nowthat8.[A]inflating9.[A]predicts10.[A]assist11.[A]Hence12.[A]lodging13.[A]searching14.[A]when15.[A]life16.[A]around17.[A]complex18.[A]So19.[A]puts20.[A]supervision
[B]Almost[B]change[B]Although[B]expanding[B]displays[B]track[B]But[B]shelter[B]strolling[B]once[B]existence[B]over
[C]Hardly[C]range[C]Provided[C]increasing[C]proves[C]sustain[C]Even[C]dwelling[C]crowding[C]while[C]survival[C]on
[D]Not[D]differ[D]Exceptthat[D]extending[D]discovers[D]dismiss[D]Only[D]house[D]wandering[D]whereas[D]maintenance[D]up
[B]comprehensive[C]complementary[D]compensating[B]Since[B]interprets[B]manipulation
[C]As[C]assumes[C]regulation
[D]Thus[D]makes[D]coordination
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartADirections:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
英语试题.2.（共14页）Text1
Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.
Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday’simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofthepopulation;in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation–language,homeownershipandintermarriage.
The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘well’or‘verywell’aftertenyearsofresidence.”ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguages.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.
Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.”Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.
RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”
AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmerica?Indeed.Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica’sturbulentpast,today’ssocialindiceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment.
英语试题.3.（共14页）21.Theword“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans[A]identifying.[B]associating.[C]assimilating.[D]monopolizing.
22.Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury[A]playedaroleinthespreadofpopularculture.[B]becameintimateshopsforcommonconsumers.[C]satisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableelite.[D]oweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumption.23.ThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S.[A]areresistanttohomogenization.
[B]exertagreatinfluenceonAmericanculture.[C]arehardlyathreattothecommonculture.[D]constitutethemajorityofthepopulation.
24.WhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5?[A]Toprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld.[B]Torevealthepublic’sfearofimmigrants.[C]Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants.[D]ToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture.
25.Intheauthor’sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyis[A]rewarding.[B]successful.[C]fruitless.[D]harmful.
英语试题.4.（共14页）Text2
Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry–WilliamShakespeare–buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.ThereistheRoyalShakespeareCompany(RSC),whichpresentssuperbproductionsoftheplaysattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon.Andtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocome,nottoseetheplays,buttolookatAnneHathaway’sCottage,Shakespeare’sbirthplaceandtheothersights.
TheworthyresidentsofStratforddoubtthatthetheateraddsapennytotheirrevenue.TheyfranklydisliketheRSC’sactors,themwiththeirlonghairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.It’salldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making.
Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.Thesightseerswhocomebybus–andoftentakeinWarwickCastleandBlenheimPalaceontheside–don’tusuallyseetheplays,andsomeofthemareevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.However,theplaygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirplaygoing.Itistheplaygoers,theRSCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetown’srevenuebecausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehotelsandrestaurants.Thesightseerscantakeineverythingandgetoutoftownbynightfall.
Thetownsfolkdon’tseeitthiswayandthelocalcouncildoesnotcontributedirectlytothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeareCompany.Stratfordcriespoortraditionally.Neverthelesseveryhotelintownseemstobeaddinganewwingorcocktaillounge.Hiltonisbuildingitsownhotelthere,whichyoumaybesurewillbedecoratedwithHamletHamburgerBars,theLearLounge,theBanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth,andwillbeveryexpensive.
Anyway,thetownsfolkcan’tunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareCompanyneedsasubsidy.(Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforthreeyearsinarow.Lastyearits1,431seatswere94percentoccupiedallyearlongandthisyearthey’lldobetter.)Thereason,ofcourse,isthatcostshaverocketedandticketpriceshavestayedlow.
ItwouldbeashametoraisepricestoomuchbecauseitwoulddriveawaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratford’smostattractiveclientele.Theycomeentirelyfortheplays,notthesights.Theyallseemtolookalike(thoughtheycomefromallover)–lean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,wearingjeansandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.
英语试题.5.（共14页）26.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,welearnthat
[A]thetownsfolkdenytheRSC’scontributiontothetown’srevenue.[B]theactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffstage.[C]thetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodterms.[D]thetownsfolkearnlittlefromtourism.27.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that
[A]thesightseerscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceseparately.[B]theplaygoersspendmoremoneythanthesightseers.[C]thesightseersdomoreshoppingthantheplaygoers.[D]theplaygoersgotonootherplacesintownthanthetheater.
28.Bysaying“Stratfordcriespoortraditionally”(Line2,Paragraph4),theauthorimpliesthat
[A]Stratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionprojects.[B]Stratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialdifficulties.[C]thetownisnotreallyshortofmoney.[D]thetownsfolkusedtobepoorlypaid.
29.Accordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidybecause[A]ticketpricescanberaisedtocoverthespending.[B]thecompanyisfinanciallyill-managed.
[C]thebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallyacceptable.[D]thetheatreattendanceisontherise.30.Fromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthor[A]issupportiveofbothsides.[B]favorsthetownsfolk’sview.[C]takesadetachedattitude.[D]issympathetictotheRSC.
英语试题.6.（共14页）Text3
Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals:theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.
Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.
Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.
Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.
英语试题.7.（共14页）31.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat[A]largeanimalswerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment.[B]smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared.[C]largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday.[D]slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones.
32.WecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat
[A]thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%.[B]thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago.[C]thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount.
[D]thenumberoflargepredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold.33.Bysaying“thesefiguresareconservative”(Line1,Paragraph3),Dr.Worm
meansthat
[A]fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly.
[B]thecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded.[C]themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss.[D]thedatacollectedsofarareoutofdate.34.Dr.Myersandotherresearchersholdthat
[A]peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcanworkforalongertime.[B]fisheriesshouldkeeptheiryieldsbelow50%ofthebiomass.[C]theoceanbiomassshouldberestoredtoitsoriginallevel.
[D]peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetothechangingsituation.35.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’[A]managementefficiency.[B]biomasslevel.[C]catch-sizelimits.
[D]technologicalapplication.
英语试题.8.（共14页）Text4
Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweird.Buttheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.
Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.
Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.
Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.
Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.
TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda–tolureustoopenourwallets–theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.
Butwhatweforget–whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting–isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedarttotellus,asreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.
英语试题.9.（共14页）36.BycitingtheexamplesofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintends
toshowthat
[A]poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic.[B]artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelings.[C]poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness.[D]artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterest.37.Theword“bummer”(Line5,Paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething[A]religious.[B]unpleasant.[C]entertaining.[D]commercial.38.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising
[A]emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyart.
[B]isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic.[C]replacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformation.
[D]createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself.39.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves[A]happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness.[B]theanti-happyartisdistastefulbutrefreshing.[C]miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied.
[D]theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms.40.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?
[A]Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.
[B]Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.[C]Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmodernsociety.[D]Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.
英语试题.10.（共14页）PartBDirections:
Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofnumberedgaps.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
OnthenorthbankoftheOhioriversitsEvansville,Ind.,homeofDavidWilliams,52,andofariverboatcasino(aplacewheregamblinggamesareplayed).Duringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williams,astateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lostapproximately$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthofgambling.
Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithelost$800.Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,a“FunCard,”whichwhenusedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablesthecasinototracktheuser’sgamblingactivities.ForWilliams,thoseactivitiesbecamewhathecalls“electronicheroin.”
(41)_______________________________In1997helost$21,000tooneslotmachineintwodays.InMarch1997helost$72,186.Hesometimesplayedtwoslotmachinesatatime,allnight,untiltheboatdockedat5a.m.,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.Nowheissuingthecasino,chargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseitknewhewasaddicted.Itdidknowhehadaproblem.
InMarch1998,afriendofWilliams’sgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoatreatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoofWilliams’sgamblingproblem.ThecasinoincludedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbannedgamblers,andwrotetohima“ceaseadmissions”letter.Notingthe“medical/psychological”natureofproblemgamblingbehavior,thelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothecasinohewouldhavetopresentmedical/psychologicalinformationdemonstratingthatpatronizingthecasinowouldposenothreattohissafetyorwell-being.
(42)_______________________________
TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasinohas24signswarning:“Enjoythefun...andalwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit.”Everyentranceticketlistsatoll-freenumberforcounselingfromtheIndianaDepartmentofMentalHealth.Nevertheless,Williams’ssuitchargesthatthecasino,knowinghewas“helplesslyaddictedtogambling,”intentionallyworkedto“lure”himto“engageinconductagainsthiswill.”Well.
英语试题.11.（共14页）(43)_______________________________
ThefourtheditionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorderssays“pathologicalgambling”involvespersistent,recurringanduncontrollablepursuitlessofmoneythanofthethrilloftakingrisksinquestofawindfall.
(44)_______________________________Pushedbyscience,orwhatclaimstobescience,societyisreclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoralfailingsaspersonalitydisordersakintophysicaldisabilities.
(45)_______________________________
Forty-fourstateshavelotteries,29havecasinos,andmostofthesestatesaretovaryingdegreesdependenton–youmightsayaddictedto–revenuesfromwagering.AndsincethefirstInternetgamblingsitewascreatedin1995,competitionforgamblers’dollarshasbecomeintense.TheOct.28issueofNewsweekreportedthat2milliongamblerspatronize1,800virtualcasinoseveryweek.With$3.5billionbeinglostonInternetwagersthisyear,gamblinghaspassedpornographyastheWeb’smostprofitablebusiness.
[A]Althoughnosuchevidencewaspresented,thecasino’smarketingdepartment
continuedtopepperhimwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoandusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.
[B]Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.
Andinwhatsensewashiswilloperative?[C]Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoeven,
hewouldquit.Onenighthewon$5,500,buthedidnotquit.[D]GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalong
timeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocialpolicy:themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericaisthegovernment.[E]DavidWilliams’ssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdon’tbetonit.[F]Itisworrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioralproblems,
oftendefiningasaddictionswhatearlier,sternergenerationsexplainedasweaknessofwill.[G]Theanonymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespecially
conducivetocompulsivebehavior.ButevenifthegovernmentknewhowtomoveagainstInternetgambling,whatwouldbeitsgroundsfordoingso?
英语试题.12.（共14页）PartC
Directions:
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese,YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)
IsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissociety?Iamgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.FatherBruckbergertoldpartofthestorywhenheobservedthatitistheintellectualswhohaverejectedAmerica.Buttheyhavedonemorethanthat.Theyhavegrowndissatisfiedwiththeroleoftheintellectual.Itisthey,notAmerica,whohavebecomeanti-intellectual.
First,theobjectofourstudypleadsfordefinition.Whatisanintellectual?(46)IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginaSocratic(苏格拉底)wayaboutmoralproblems.Heexploressuchproblemsconsciously,articulately,andfrankly,firstbyaskingfactualquestions,thenbyaskingmoralquestions,finallybysuggestingactionwhichseemsappropriateinthelightofthefactualandmoralinformationwhichhehasobtained.(47)Hisfunctionisanalogoustothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.Thisdefinitionexcludesmanyindividualsusuallyreferredtoasintellectuals–theaveragescientist,forone.(48)Ihaveexcludedhimbecause,whilehisaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblems,hehasnotbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.Likeotherhumanbeings,heencountersmoralissuesevenintheeverydayperformanceofhisroutineduties–heisnotsupposedtocookhisexperiments,manufactureevidence,ordoctorhisreports.(49)Buthisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcodewhichgovernshisactivity,anymorethanabusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinbusiness.Duringmostofhiswakinglifehewilltakehiscodeforgranted,asthebusinessmantakeshisethics.
Thedefinitionalsoexcludesthemajorityofteachers,despitethefactthatteachinghastraditionallybeenthemethodwherebymanyintellectualsearntheirliving.(50)Theymayteachverywell,andmorethanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment.Thisdescriptionevenfitsthemajorityofeminentscholars.Beinglearnedinsomebranchofhumanknowledgeisonething；livingin“publicandillustriousthoughts,”asEmersonwouldsay,issomethingelse.
英语试题.13.（共14页）SectionIII
PartA
Writing
51.Directions:
YouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtoachildinaremotearea.Writealettertothedepartmentconcerned,askingthemtohelpfindacandidate.Youshouldspecifywhatkindofchildyouwanttohelpandhowyouwillcarryoutyourplan.
Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)
PartB
52.Directions:
Studythefollowingphotoscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould
1)describethephotosbriefly,
2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbythem,and3)giveyourpointofview.
Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)
注：Beckham（贝克汉姆）——英国足球明星。
英语试题.14.（共14页）Section Ⅰ Use of English
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A11.C 12.B 13.D 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.DSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart A
Text 1 21.C 22.A 23.C 24.D 25.BText 2 26.A 27.B 28.C 29.D 30.DText 3 31.C 32.A 33.C 34.D 35.BText 4 36.D 37.B 38.D 39.B 40.APart B
41.C 42.A 43.B 44.F 45.D
Part C
46.我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。
47.他的职贵与法官相似，必须示担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。
48.我之所以将他(普通科学家)排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。
49.但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。
50.他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。Section Ⅲ Writing51.见分析52.见分析
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