一、四级考试时间表
2006年12月23号新四级考试将全面推广，不管是试点高校还是非试点高校的学生都必须面临新四级的挑战，相对于旧四级，除了题型和分值上变化外，新四级的考场安排也和旧四级有巨大的不同，只有事先了解新四级的考场安排，做到胸中有数，才能从容面对。
附表：新四级考场时间安排 考试时间9：00—11：30
8：50—9：00 收音机调试，发答题卡 9：00—9：30 作文(30min) 9：30 发试题册 9：30—9：45 快速阅读(15min)
9：45—10：00 收答题卡一，最后的调试试音，准备听力（预览选项） 10：00—10：35 听力(35min) 注：题目前没有指令
10：35—11：30 仔细阅读 选词填空 完型填空或改错（二选一）（15min） 收试题册
11：30 翻译（5min）
11：35 全体起立，收答题卡二
应对策略：
一、.同学们最担心的是听力选项的预览时间，从表中可以看出，在9：45-10：00之间收答题卡一和最后试音时间时可以预览听力部分的选项，建议考生要充分利用这段时间扫描passage部分的选项，弄清三篇文章的主题，至于短对话第一题的四个选项在播音前6秒看还来得及。
二、注意听力测试三个section前没有指令，直接播放题目，这与旧四级听力完全不同，考生听时需要集中注意力，不要错过重要的信息点。
三、注意作文和快速阅读后要收答题卡一，然后才能开始做后面的试题。学生平常练习时应注意每部分时间的控制，在规定的时间内完成规定的项目，不要跨区做题，这样才能适应新四级的考场要求。
四、注意写作文的时候，没有试题册，这样会避免考生从试题册中寻找相关的英语表达抄到作文中。
五、做翻译题时，试题册已经收上去，避免考生从试题册中找单词的拼写或习惯用语。
新四级考试，题型多样，题量大时间紧，但考生只要在考场上合理有效的利用好时间，在考试结束时，能顺利答完所有的题目，一定会取得满意的成绩。
二、分数分配
新四级由四大部分构成：
听力理解时间35分钟，包括两个部分：听力对话占15%，含8个短对话共8道多项选择题和2个长对话共7道多项选择题；听力短文占20%：含3篇短文理解共10道多项选择题和一篇短文复合式听写共8词3句。听力理解占总分的35%，合计249分。
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阅读理解时间40分钟，分为两个部分：仔细阅读理解时间25分钟，占25%，含两个小部分(篇章阅读理解包括2篇文章10道多项选择题；篇章词汇理解或短句问答是一篇文章，考法是15选10的选词填空或简答)；快速阅读理解时间15分钟，占10%，包括是非判断7题及句子填空或其它3题。阅读理解占总分的35%，合计149分。
完形填空或改错时间15分钟，1篇文章，20道多项选择题或改错，占总分的10%，合计70分。
写作和翻译时间35分钟，分为两个部分：写作时间30分钟，占15%，共106分；中译英时间5分钟，占5%，共36分。合计20%，142分。
通过对比，我们发现：新四级60%的题型沿用了老四级题型，加入了40%的新题型。题型增加，题量加大，速度要求加快；但同时每种题型的难度降低。
新四级考试取消了词语用法和语法结构、英译汉两种过时题型，而完型填空和写作没有任何变化。听力的比例提高到35%，短对话、短文理解和短文听写沿用了老四级的题型，只有长对话是新题型，只是题材选用对话、讲座、广播电视节目等更具真实性的材料。阅读部分下降为35%，其中篇章阅读理解沿用了老四级题型，篇章词汇理解和快速阅读是新题型。同时增加了英译汉和六级的改错题型。
同时，从2005年6月起，四级考试成绩开始采用满分为710分的计分，不设及格线；成绩报道方式由考试合格证书改为成绩报告单，即考后向每位考生发放成绩报告单，报道内容包括：总分及听力、阅读、完型或改错、写作四项单项分。
答题时间共125分钟，顺序是：写作、快速阅读、听力、仔细阅读、完型填空和汉译英。考生首先在答题卡1上完成写作部分。30分钟后，监考员发试题册，考生在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题。然后，监考员收回答题卡1。考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。
在答题过程中，考生必须在答题卡上作答，在试题册上作答无效。所有选择性试题务必用2B浓度的铅笔划线作答；所有非选择性试题(即写作、填空等)务必用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
第一章、 听力
中国人听力不好的七大原因
• 语速不够 • 词汇量小 • 不习惯连读 • 发音习惯各异 • 思维形式不同
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• 心理素质差 • 缺乏训练技巧 •
四六级考试只是人生中的门槛，甚至连门槛都不算，后面还有口译、TOEFL、GRE等考试的等待与洗礼，如果你觉得通过系统长期的训练无法解决你速效突破四级听力的问题，那就看下面的各种分析与变态秘笈，在短时间内全面突破四级听力！
听力部分的结构介绍：8个短对话
听力对话占15%，含8个短对话共8道多项选择题和2个长对话共7道多项选择题；听力短文占20%：含3篇短文理解共10道多项选择题和一篇短文复合式听写共8词3句。
一、短对话部分(Short Conversations)（短对话）
在四级听力测试中，不管是短对话还是长对话，内容都十分广泛，以衣食住行等日常生活为主要话题。因为是日常会话，所以句子都不长，而且用词也不难，但是口语性强，并且考试时只读一遍。这就要求考生应按照语气、语调、习语等各因素去理解对话的内容，在有限的时间内听懂题目并选准标准答案。
其考查的要点不外乎：
(1)获取事实性的具体信息，例如时间、地点、人物、事件、起因、结果等； (2)理解主旨要义；
(3)进行有关的判断、推理和引申； (4)理解说话人的意图、观点和态度。
短对话通常只有一组对话，对话完毕，由第三方就对话内容提问，问题有可能涉及以上要点中的任一个；
也就是说，短对话和长对话在考查要点和听力技巧方面有很多相通之处，只要把基本的题型掌握住了，即使增加了新的题型也不过是增加了题量而已，没有什么好怕的。
对话部分的题型多种多样，主要有but题型、场景题型、时间题型、数字运算题型、综合推断题型、建议题型、否定题型等。考生欲在这部分得高分，首先应注意：
1．抓住关键词，从而做出正确的判断
对话所提供的上下文十分有限，给考生对谈话内容的理解和判断带来一定的困难。然而，若考生能抓住关键词，则能明确谈话内容，提高对谈话内容的理解，并做出正确的推理和判断乙比如对话中出现了bath，shower，single room等词或短语，则谈话的地点一定是在饭店，谈话的内容一定与住宿有关。这样对可能提出的问题，如Where does the conversation most probably take place?就不难作出回答。
2．预测提问方式
通常每段对话后都有15秒钟的停顿，长对话每题后应该有20秒钟。在此期间绝不可荒废，而要在作出选择后利用剩余时间迅速浏览下一个问题的4个选项。通过这4个选项的内容，预测听力内容和第三者的提问方式，从而在听音时将注意力集中在与所提问题有关的关键词和关键信息上。
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3．熟悉各种题型的提问方式
历年四级听力考试中有些题型是反复出现的，如时间型、地点型、人物关系型、计算型等。而这些题型中的有些提问方式也几乎是固定的。
如：Where does the conversation probably take place? Where is the mall going? Where are the two speakers?显然属于问地点的。而What do we learn from the conversation? What does the woman mean则是问总结或推理的。
因此，熟悉这些提问形式也对考试十分有利。 4．注意第二说话人的讲话语气
短对话中，通常是第二个人的说话内容与答案的关系要更为直接一些，因此，考生对第二个人讲的内容要更加注意。
5．熟悉有关日常生活等话题方面的词语以及常用词、词组和习语
下面对测试中经常出现的几种试题类型一一举例说明，以便使考生进一步了解出题方式及应试技巧。
1. 听到什么，不选什么，即选最响亮音的同义词，不要选同音词，只有建议题，省略题可以听到什么选什么。 2. 第二个人的话是重点
3. 注意意思相反的两个选项，正确选项必居其一。
（1）比较关系类 命题特点
“比较”是指两个以上的人或物在某些方面的比较；“选择”是指针对对话中所提到的两个以上的人或物，在比较的基础上所进行的狭义的选择。比较的目的是为了选择，因此比较与选择是相互联系的一个问题的两个方面。一般的形式是男女双方一方发问，另一方用陈述句的形式讲述，第三者提出问题，要求考生根据比较结果做出选择。 解题思路
考生可以采用语法上的分析法：一是相等比较，即语法上的同级比较，常用“as...as…”或“so.．．as”这一句型来表达；二是不等比较，这一类的比较通常用“比较级+than”来表达；三是最高级，这里面又可分为两种类型，一是用形容词、副词的最高级形式，另一个类型是用比较级+than+any+other\"或“nothing(nobody，no one，etc，)+谓语+比较级+than”。
1. A. He was worried when the women didn‟t come.
B. The game was canceled. C. The team played quite badly.
D. The game was worse than last time.
1. W: I‟m sorry I missed your soccer game, but I had the flu. M: Don‟t worry about it, we couldn‟t have played worse. Q: What does the man mean?
2. A. The woman likes country life better.
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B. The man prefers city life. C. Country life is peaceful.
D. The woman is living in the country.
2. M: What kind of life do you prefer, city life or country life?
W: In comparison to city life, the country life is quiet and peaceful. Q: What can be learnt from the conversation?
3. A. She isn‟t interested in the concert.
B. She is going to a different concert. C. She doesn‟t like the park.
D. She prefers attending concert to writing papers. 3. M: Aren‟t you going to the concert in the park tonight?
W: Even if I didn‟t have a paper to write, I‟d rather spend the evening at school. Q: What does the woman imply?
4. A. Chemistry. B. Physics. C. Physics and chemistry. D. Getting an A. 4. W: I got an “A” in physics and only a “C” in chemistry.
M: Well, I still say that chemistry is a little less complicated than physics. Q: What subject does the man think is harder?
5. A. The man likes the modern art in a higher degree. B. The man likes the classical art better.
C. The man likes neither modern nor classical art. D. The man likes both modern an classical art.
5. W: I went to the modern art exhibition yesterday. It‟s really abstract. Do you like the modern
art?
M: I certainly do, yet not so much as classical art. Q: What kind of art does the man prefer?
6. A. She is a good doctor.
B. It is difficult to get an appointment with her. C. She used to be his doctor. D. She is fairly old.
6. W: I‟m new in town and I need to find a doctor. Do you know anything about Joyce Brown? M: I‟ve been going to her for years, I don‟t see how you can do better. Q: What does the man say about Dr. Brown?
7. A. To save her money for a long time. B. To buy a new car.
C. To purchase a used car. D. To get a second-hand car.
7. W: I can‟t decide whether to buy a new car or try to find a second-hand one. M: If you buy a new one, you‟ll probably save the money in the long run. Q: What does the man mean?
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8. A. He works harder than he did before. B. He worked harder than he does now. C. Tom used to work very hard. D. Tom works harder than hard.
8. M: I‟m getting old. I can‟t work as hard as I used to. W: But I can see you still work harder than Tom. Q: What does the man mean?
9. A. The man‟s car runs faster.
B. The woman‟s car is more economical. C. Their cars run equally fast.
D. Their cars are equally economical.
9. W: I think my car runs much faster than yours. M: But mine equals yours in economy. Q: Which of the following is true?
10. A. The heroine‟s acting is better. B. The hero‟s acting is better.
C. Both of the two main actors are acting badly. D. She thinks she can‟t compare the two.
10.W: What do you think of the acting of the two main actors in the film?
M: I consider the hero‟s acting is inferior to that of the heroine‟s. Don‟t you agree? Q: What does the woman mean?
（2）转折与因果关系类 题型特点
第一个人的话无关紧要；第二个人的答话分两个部分：首先说一个简单的小短句，第二句为较长的句子，并且短句与长句子之间用but连接。就是说，第二个人两句答语中间所带的这个but是本类题型最根本的标志。因此称这类题型为“but题型”。 常见提问方式 What does the woman mean?
What do we learn from the conversation．'? What does the man suggest they do?
Why can't Mr. Smith answer his question now? What will the man probably do first?
解题思路
由于干扰项总是由第一个人的话或者第二个人的第一句话的用词和意思引申变化而来的，而but的转折作用使得其前后句子的意思差别十分明显。因此若考生在做题时紧抓住but后句
子的意思，则可以很容易在所给四个选项中迅速排除三个干扰项，选出正确答案。 1. A. Because they are alike.
B. Because the man‟s briefcase has a lock.
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C. Because the man‟s briefcase is smaller. D. Because she doesn‟t have one.
1. M: My briefcase is just like yours, isn‟t it? （But）
W: Almost. Mine is smaller, but it doesn‟t have a lock. I think I‟d rather have had one like
yours.
Q: Why would the woman rather have had a briefcase like the one the man has?
2. A. Because she is sick.
B. Because she has to go t the International Students‟ Association. C. Because she has to work.
D. Because she does not want to go.
2. W: The international Students‟ Association is having a party Saturday night. Can you come? （But）
M: I wish I could, but I work at the hospital on weekends. Q: Why can‟t the man go to the party?
3. A. She doesn‟t live in the dormitory anymore. B. She‟s busy moving into a new room. C. He came back to school this semester. D. He can‟t talk about it anymore.
3. M: Where have you been? I never see you in the dorm anymore? （因果） W: That‟s because I moved off campus at the beginning of this semester. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
4. A. His passenger saved him in time. B. He was driving very slowly. C. He had fastened his seat belt. D. He was driving a new car.
4. W: Paul! What happened? How come you are limping? （因果）
M: Somebody smashed into my new Ford. I‟m not really hurt, thanks to my seat belt. Q: Why was the man not seriously injured in the accident?
5. A. She is really an unlucky person. B. In fact, she is a liar.
C. She is an unbelievable person. D. What she said is not always true.
5. W: Have you ever known anyone as unlucky as Jane? The most terrible things keep happening
to her. （But）
M: Yes, if you can trust what she says, but most of her stories are pretty unbelievable in my
opinion.
Q: What did the man say about Jane?
6. A. She‟d like to go although she has little experience. B. She doesn‟t enjoy camping.
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C. She‟d rather go swimming than camping. D. She needs to buy a canoe before the trip.
6. M: How about going on a camping trip next week with us? We‟re planning on hiking and
canoeing in the state park. （But）
W: That sounds great. But I‟d better warn you, I‟ve never been in a canoe and I‟m not much of
a swimmer, either.
Q: What does the woman mean?
7. A. The man doesn‟t have to pay for the rent. B. The man just received an „A‟ on his test.
C. The man‟s adviser gave him some good advice.
D. He will not worry about his expense for the following year. 7. W: Why do you look so happy this morning? （因果）
M: I just came from my adviser‟s office and found out that I will be given one more year‟s
scholarship.
Q: Why is the man in high spirits?
8. A. Their father is unable to keep his promise. B. Their father is going on a vacation without her. C. Their father isn‟t telling her the truth. D. Their father doesn‟t want to travel abroad.
8. M: I wonder what makes mother so upset these days. （因果）
W: Father is canceling his vacation trip. He promised to take her abroad last year. But the
company is asking father to postpone his vacation. Q: Why is their mother unhappy?
9. A. He really doesn‟t know.
B. He does not think the weather will make any difference. C. He thinks his team will lose if the weather is bad. D. He thinks had weather will affect both teams.
9. W: Do you think that the possibility of cold weather and snow will affect the results of the game?
（因果）
M: Well, the Liverpool team is accustomed to playing in bad weather, so it shouldn‟t make any
difference to them.
Q: How does the man feel about the influence of the weather?
10. A. Take some more vegetable. B. Pass the meat on to the woman. C. Avoid taking anymore food. D. Help to prepare the potatoes.
10. W: Now, Mr. Smith, don‟t hesitate to help yourself to some potatoes, vegetables or roast beef.
（But）
M: It‟s been a wonderful dinner, but if I eat another bite, I think I‟ll burst. Q: What will the man do?
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（3）肯定与否定类 隐含否定题型 题型特点
这种题型最大的特点是含义是否定的，但不出现任何否定词，即表面是肯定的，实际意义是否定的。第一个说话人提出问题，第二个说话人没有直接回答这个问题，而是讲了一个事实，通过这个事实表示否定。 常见提问方式
What does the man／woman mean? 解题思路
以事实表示否定。
假否定题型——否定的转移 命题特点
一方提问，另一方答话中带有否定词，如wouldn't，don't，isn't等，但却不是对谈话的中心议题的否定，称为否定的转移，即虚假的否定。 解题思路
对于这类题型，考生很容易上当。解题思路在于反向挑选，不要听到一个否定词就理解成否定含义。
1. A. It‟s unexpectedly difficult. B. Few people took it. C. It‟s too long.
D. The course is quite easy.
1. M: Everybody said this astronomy course would be easy. W: But it hasn‟t quite worked out that way, has it? Q: What does the woman think about the course?
2. A. He isn‟t going to write it. B. He wrote it last semester.
C. He never does assignments early. D. He‟ll finish it in a few minutes.
2. W: Tom, have you finished the research paper for history?
M: Not yet, I always seem to put things off until the last minutes. Q: What does the man mean?
3. A. They must ask the professor about taking a longer vacation. B. They won‟t be able to get an extension. C. They can ask the professor this question. D. No one knows when the project is due.
3. M: Do you think we can get an extension on our term project?
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W: It‟s out of the question. The professor is going on vacation as soon as the term‟s finished. Q: What does the woman mean?
4. A. He wants to do the right thing.
B. He probably won‟t listen to the man‟s advice. C. He has decided not to buy the car. D. He has made a good decision.
4. M: I‟m going to see if I can persuade Peter not to buy that used car. W: I doubt that will do any good. His mind is already made up. Q: What does the woman say about Peter?
5. A. He is confident. B. He is worried. C. He is bored. D. He is angry. 5. W: How did your interview go?
M: I couldn‟t feel good about it. The questions were very fair and I seemed to find answers to
all of them.
Q: How does the man feel about the interview?
6. A. The man shouldn‟t be so anxious. B. He‟s already an hour late.
C. The woman shouldn‟t wait to be interviewed. D. He is too nervous to calm down.
6. W: You still have an hour to wait, so relax!
M: Relax! How can I when I‟m so anxious about the interview? Q: What does the man mean?
7. A. To class. B. To the movie. C. To the library. D. To the doctor‟s office. 7. M: I have to go to class because I have a test, but if I could, I‟d go with you to the movie. W: That‟s too bad. I wish that you could come along. Q: Where is the man going?
8. A. He doesn‟t have enough money to buy a house. B. He really doesn‟t want to buy a house. C. He plans to buy a house in a little while.
D. He will have enough money for a house soon. 8. M: Did Bill have any plans to buy a house?
W: Hardly any. You see, a house is beyond his means. Q: What is true about Bill?
9. A. One of her friends was absent at the party. B. All her friends were present at the party. C. Not all her friends came to the party. D. All her friends took partners to the party. 9. M: How about your party last night?
W: It was so interesting that not a single friend was absent.
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Q: What does the woman mean?
10. A. They‟ll have to get some more paint. B. They should get someone to help him. C. They shouldn‟t delay any longer.
D. They don‟t have to paint the room again.
10.W: I honestly don‟t want to paint the room this weekend, Joe. M: Neither do I. but I think we should get it over. Q: What does Joe suggest?
（4）条件关系类 题型特点
对话双方有一方讲的话中含有虚拟语气或条件状语从句。 ——常见的虚拟语气结构如下： 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 ——常见的虚拟语气句型有：
wish+从句(从句中虚拟结构与订虚拟条件从句中的相同) If only+从句(结构与wish后的从句相同)
解题思路
这种题型出题的基本思路往往是反着给答案，即经常倾向于选择与对话原文的意思相反的选项。考生应既要了解和辨别虚拟语气的基本结构，还要理解虚拟语气句中所包含的假设意义。此外，考生还应有时态观念，不要简单地按照“反着给答案”的思路去做任何时态不同的题目。
1. A. Half an hour. B. Less than an hour. C. More than an hour. D. About an hour. 1. M: How long does it take to drive along the city?
W: Well, that depends on the traffic. If the roads aren‟t too busy, you can make it in about an
hour.
Q: How long does it take to drive across the city during rush hours?
2. A. She got home before 9 o‟clock. B. She had a bad cold. C. She had a car accident. D. She was delayed.
2. W: If it hadn‟t been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 o‟clock.
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从句 If+一般过去时 If+一般过去完成时 主句 would∕should∕could∕might+动词原形 would∕should∕could∕might∕+have+过去分词 M: It‟s too bad you didn‟t make it. Jane was here and she wanted to see you. Q: What happened to the woman?
3. A. Go home. B. See a film. C. Avoid them. D. Attend the party. 3. M: If you hadn‟t told me about the party, I might have gone home. W: They would be unhappy if you didn‟t show up. Q: What is the man going to do?
4. A. They‟ve lost their way. B. The party is over.
C. The car is out of order.
D. The man doesn‟t know how to drive.
4. W: If you had listened to me, we‟d be at the party now. M: I was sure I knew the way there, let‟s just turn around. Q: What was the problem?
5. A. Bill caught the train. B. Bill ran fast enough.
C. Bill didn‟t run fast enough, but he managed to catch the train. D. Bill didn‟t run fast enough, so he didn‟t catch the train. 5. M: Did Bill catch the train?
W: No, had he ran fast enough, he would have caught it. Q: What does the woman mean?
6. A. If the woman says that again, he will beat her.
B. He asks the woman to say that again otherwise he‟ll beat her. C. If the woman hadn‟t said that again, he would have beaten her. D. If the woman won‟t say that again, he will beat her. 6. W: You fool, let me go!
M: Say that again, and I will beat you. Q: What does the man mean?
7. A. The man will help her. B. The man didn‟t help her. C. The man has helped her.
D. The man would have helped her if she had needed. 7. M: Is there anything I can do for you?
W: No, thank you very much. But for your help, I would have lost. Q: What does the woman mean?
8. A. There is a charge for overdue materials. B. He‟ll return the videotapes tomorrow.
C. He‟ll pay someone to return the videotapes. D. The media center is probably already closed.
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8. W: How long can you keep the videotapes?
M: If they are not returned by the time the media center closed tonight, I‟ll have to pay a fine. Q: What does the man mean?
9. A. Ask Dr. Smith to alter his decision. B. Ask Dr. Smith to call the library.
C. Get the book directly from Dr. Smith. D. Get Dr. Smith‟s written permission.
9. M: May I take this book out? I need it to work on my paper for Dr. Smith‟s history class.
W: I‟m afraid not. The book has been put on the shelf by Dr. Smith. Unless you have his written
permission, we won‟t lend it out.
Q: What should the man do to borrow the book?
10. A. They had no time.
B. They didn‟t have enough money. C. The old one was still working.
D. They both wanted to buy a dishwasher.
10. M: This refrigerator is not working properly. I suppose we should buy a new one, but I don‟t
see how we can afford it right now.
W: If only you hadn‟t bought that dishwasher. Q: Why didn‟t they buy another refrigerator?
（5）推测内涵类 命题特点
通常情况下，第二说话人所言与第一说话人所言相差较大，似乎答非所问。其目的就是考查考生能否听懂对话人言语间的弦外之音。
常见提问方式 What does the man imply? What does the woman mean?
What can be inferred from this conversation about the woman? What does the man's response indicate?
1. A. Prof. Parkson is tired of teaching. B. The course may not be so good now. C. The course is definitely worthwhile.
D. Prof. Parkson doesn‟t understand astrophysics.
1. M: I understand that the astrophysics course this semester is outstanding. W: It used to be. But now Pro. Parkson has retired. Q: What does the woman imply?
2. A. The cafeteria is closed.
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B. The food in the cafeteria is not very good. C. She hasn‟t eaten anything today either.
D. She‟s already eaten lunch with somebody else.
2. M: I haven‟t eaten anything today. Would you like to have lunch with me in the cafeteria? W: The cafeteria? You haven‟t eaten there before, have you? Q: What does the woman imply?
3. A. The bookstore isn‟t always this full.
B. Some people would rather buy supplies for class. C. The bookstore is close to class.
D. Supplies aren‟t available at the bookstore. 3. M: Is the bookstore usually so crowded?
W: It‟s the beginning of the year, everybody has to buy supplies for class. Q: What does the woman imply?
4. A. She left them at home.
B. She needs them right now. C. They might be hard to read. D. They are incomplete.
4. M: Could you lend me your biology notes?
W: Do you think you will be able to make out my handwriting? Q: What does the woman imply about the notes?
5. A. He doesn‟t want to go to the theater. B. He‟s sorry he can‟t go with the woman. C. He thinks the theater will be so crowded. D. He rarely goes to plays.
5. W: I really want to see the play at the outdoor theater tonight, will you come with me? M: You know I hate battling with all those mosquitoes. Q: What can be inferred about the man?
6. A. She has gotten behind in her work. B. Her computer is the latest model. C. She keeps her computer at home. D. She doesn‟t have a computer.
6. M: How quickly the technology changes! So many people have computer in their home
nowadays.
W: I know, I feel so behind the time.
Q: What can be inferred about the woman?
7. A. You should believe everything you read. B. Reaction to the novel had been varied. C. She thinks the novel is excellent.
D. She wonders which newspaper he reads.
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7. M: I heard that the newspaper gave that novel a terrible review. W: It depends on which newspaper you read. Q: What does the woman mean?
8. A. He doesn‟t like to take pills.
B. He may want to take the pill without food. C. He may feel better soon.
D. He may not be able to wake up.
8. W: Take two of these pills three times a day. And you shouldn‟t take them on empty stomach. M: What if I don‟t have an appetite? Q: What does the man imply?
9. A. She is majoring in art history.
B. She likes having a change from math. C. She isn‟t taking normal history course. D. She fell asleep in math class.
9. M: How are you enjoying art history?
W: At least it‟s a diversion from my normal course work. I‟m getting tired of math. Q: What does the woman mean?
10. A. The talks haven‟t started yet. B. The talks haven‟t achieved much.
C. The talks haven‟t produced a general agreement. D. The talks broke down and could go no further.
10.W: How were their talks going? Have they reached any agreement? M: They only seem to have agreed to set another date for further talks. Q: What can we infer from the conversation?
（6）建议请求类 ①直接建议题型 题型特点
第一说话者提出问题，第二说话者直接建议，如：Why don't you…? Why not …? You'd better… 常见提问方式
What does the man mean?
What does the woman suggest the man do 解题思路
注意不要将这种形式上的否定理解为含义上的否定，应理解为“你该……”。 ②间接建议题型
第一个说话人提出问题，第二个说话人表面上没有直接回答问题，事实上已经给第一个说话人提出了建议。
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常见提问方式
What does the man／woman mean? 分解题思路
这种题型答案的一种形式就是将回答与问题的内在含义关联起来，考生应注意含有关联内容的选择项。
1. A. The man shouldn‟t be playing so soon. B. The man should get over his leg injury. C. The man should be playing right away. D. The man should see the game afterward.
1. M: I‟m starting training tomorrow for the football season.
W: Should you be playing right away after you just got over that leg injury? Q: What does the woman imply?
2. A. Send the package third-class. B. Send the package first-class.
C. Wait a few days to mail the package. D. Deliver the package himself.
2. M: If I send this package third class, how long will it take to arrive?
W: About two weeks. But, hmm, many people don‟t realize that first class is only a dollar fifty
more and it will get there in just a few days. Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
3. A. Leave the building. B. Check the thermostat. C. Close the windows. D. Call the maintenance people. 3. W: The heat must have gone off in this building, and it‟s freezing in here. M: Shouldn‟t we call and report this to the superintendent? Q: What does the man suggest?
4. A. Put his wallet in his jacket pocket.
B. Report the theft of the wallet right away. C. Keep looking for his wallet. D. Be more careful with his wallet.
4. M: If I don‟t find my wallet pretty soon, I‟m going to have to report it stolen. W: Hold on! Have you checked your car or your jacket pocket? Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
5. A. Apologize when Deborah is less angry. B. Return Deborah‟s notes in a few days. C. Write Deborah a note of apology.
D. Let he talk to Deborah about the situation.
5. M: I feel horrible. Deborah was furious that I lost her notes. Do you think I should apologize
again?
W: If I were you, I‟d let her cool off a few days.
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Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
6. A. It doesn‟t take long to get to Philadelphia. B. She doesn‟t care how long the trip takes. C. Taking an airplane might be more practical. D. She‟d rather take a direct train.\\
6. M: We‟ve got to be in Philadelphia by Saturday. We should take the train, but we‟ll have to
change a few times.
W: A direct flight will be a lot less complicated and maybe even cheaper. Q: What does the woman mean?
7. A. The plants may need more light. B. The plants may need more water.
C. The area in front of the windows is too cold for the plants. D. Plants rarely do well in the dormitory.
7. M: You know, I‟ve been watering my plants regularly, but they‟re still not doing well in my new
dorm room.
W: Maybe instead of keeping them in the corner, you should put them directly in front of the
window.
Q: What does the woman imply?
8. A. Check for an appropriate apartment at another building. B. Rent the $ 600 apartment temporarily. C. Share an apartment with someone.
D. Wait until there is a cheaper apartment available.
8. W: Excuse me, do you have any apartment available for under $ 500?
M: The only vacant one I have is $ 600. Have you inquired at the apartment complex down the
street?
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
9. A. Put ice on her hand.
B. See a doctor in a few days.
C. Avoid using her hand for a while. D. Clear the ice off the sidewalk.
9. W: My hand still hurts from falling on the ice yesterday. I wonder if I broke something.
M: I‟m no doctor, but it‟s not black and blue or anything. Maybe you just need to rest it for a
few days.
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
10. A. Travel into the city on another day. B. Pick up her medicine before they leave. C. Avoiding driving after medicine.
D. Wait to take her medicine until after their trip.
10.W: We need to drive to the city tonight, but the doctor said this medicine might make me
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drowsy.
M: In that case, I‟d better drive.
Q: What does the man think the woman should do?
(7) 推断题型 常见提问方式
What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
题型特点
答案通常不在文中直接给出，而在对话中给出一定的场景，或给出说话人不同的语气等。 解题思路
考生要注意捕捉对话中出现线索词或关键词，注意说话人的语气，根据生活常识，排除干扰项，做出合理的推断，选出正确的答案。
常见提问方式 What is the woman‟s job？ What is the profession of the man? Who is the man probably speaking to?
例1：
A) Look for a more expensive hotel. B) Go to another hotel by bus. C) Try to find a quiet place. D) Take a walk around the city.
M: I don‟t think we can find a better hotel around here at this time.
W: Let‟s walk a little further to see if there is another one. I just can‟t bear the traffic noise here. Q: What will the speakers most probably do? (C) 例2：
A) Relatives. B) Roommates. C) Colleagues. D) Neighbors.
M: I‟ve just brought your ladder back. Thanks for lending it to me. Where shall I leave It? W: Just lean it against the wall there. Use the ladder again any time. Q: What‟s the probable relationship between these two speakers? (D)
（8）地点与方向类 题型特点
提问以where开始。 常见提问方式：
Where do you think this conversation most likely takes place?
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Where did the woman think Lee is? 解题思路
1.熟悉对话常涉及的地点及用语; 2.抓住对话中与地点有关的关键词和用语; 3.根据关键词和关键信息做出正确判断; 4.今对话中常涉及到的地点及用语;
例1：
A) In a hotel B) At a dinner table. C) In the street. D) At the man‟s house.
W: dear, I feel hungry now. How about you?
M: So do I. Let me call room Service. Hello, Room Service? Please send a menu to 320 right away.
Q: Where are the two speakers? (A)
例2：
A) To the bank. B) To a bookstore. C) To a shoestore. D) To the grocer‟s.
M: What do you want me to get? I‟m leaving now. W: Pick up a bottle of milk and a loaf of bread, please. Q: Where is the man probably going? (D)
办公室用语： type a letter打印信件 promotion提升，升职 filing cabinet文件柜 银行用语
open an account开账户 balance余额 学校用语 exam考试
library图书馆 lecture讲座
optional course选修课 dissertation毕业论文 scholarship奖学金
dormitory宿舍
cash a check兑换支票 interest利息 teller出纳
withdraw money from取款 traveler's check旅行支票
interview面试 demotion降职 resignation辞呈
required course必修课 term paper学期论文 tuition学费 邮局用语 stamp邮票 postage邮资
diploma毕业证书
parcel包裹 telegram电报
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postcard明信片 ordinary mail平信 饭店、酒吧用语 order点菜 bill 帐单
airmail航空邮件
registered mail挂号信
printed matter印刷品
menu菜单 a table for two两人桌 reception desk服务台 carry-out／take-out(食物)外卖的 reservation预定 lounge休息大厅 single room单人房
suite套房 tip小费
check out结帐离开
理发店用语 baler男士理发师 shave刮脸 beard，mustache胡子
mousse摩丝
医院用语 doctor医生
emergency room急救室 injection注射
take the temperature量体温
tablet药片 机场用语
boarding card登机牌 seat belt安全带 economic class经济舱 captain机长 airhostess空中小姐
Airline航线
Booking office机票预定处
non-stop flight直达航班 电话用语 dial电话拨号 operator接线员
make a local call打市话 Speaking please请讲话
double room双人房 luggage行李 check in登记人住
bathroom浴室 hairdresser女士美发师 trim修剪
shampoo香波 hairspray发胶
ward病房 operation手术 prescribe开处方 pill药丸
flight航班
first-class cabin头等舱 take-off飞机起飞 sign信号
Airway航空公司
arrival／departure time飞抵／起飞时间check-in登机处
window seat靠窗的座位 hold the line别挂电话
line is busy／engaged电话占线
make a long distance call打长途电话 May I speak to…我找……
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（9）时间类
①多个时间选一个时间 题型特点
在对话中听到两个甚至四个时间，突然在问题中问及其中一个时间。在选择项中这几个时间都会出现，而只有一个是真正的答案。 解题对策
——做好充分的思想准备，用心去听； ——在听考题时要适当做些笔记； ——认真听清楚问题。 ②通过运算求得的时间 题型特点
需通过加减法甚至混合运算才能得到正确答案。而会话中听到的时间一般都会在选择项中出现。 解题思路
切记在会话中出现的时间必定不是正确答案，不要轻易选择与原文中时间读音完全相同或部分相同的选项。
例1：
A) 8:40. B) 9:20. C) 8:20. D) 9:00.
W: Is everything ready? We must set off at 9.
M: Don‟t worry. I‟ll get everything ready in 20 minutes. Q: What time is it now? (A) 例2： A) 5:00. B) 5:15. C) 5:30. D) 5:45.
M: What‟s the time for departure?
W: 5:30. That only leaves us 15 minutes to go through the customs and check our baggage. Q: At what time did the conversation take place? (B)
常见的与时间有关的表达 a. 时刻的表达法
5：15读作a quarter past／after five或five fifteen 5：45读作a quarter to six或five forty five 5：30读作half past five或five thirty 5：10读作ten past five或five ten 5：00读作five o'clock(sharp)
b．年、月、日的读法
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1999年5月1日：May (the) first nineteen ninety-nine 1900年6月2日：June(the) second nineteen hundred 1988年7月15日：July (the) fifteenth nineteen eighty-eight 前天：the day before yesterday 后天：the day after tomorrow 每天：everyday／daily
每隔一天：every other day／every two days 下周这个时间：this time next week 两周：a fortnight
一月两次／两月一次：bimonthly 每年：annual 10年：a decade 1个世纪：a century
（10）数字与计算类 题型特点
测试数字的范围主要分为价格、年龄、身高、体重等。 常见提问方式 How many... ? How much... ? How old... ? 解题对策
边听边记下数字，或者在选项所提供的且对话中涉及到的数字旁做上相应的记号，然后对这些数字进行正确的判断与计算。
例1：
A) $15.00. B) $30.00. C) $33.00. D) $16.50.
M: This green skirt is $15.00 and the white one is one and half dollars more. W: The yellow one is twice as much as the green one. Q: How much is the yellow skirt? (B) 例2：
A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours. C) 8 hours. D) 6 hours
M: I heard that you‟ve found a part-time job.
W: Yes. As an English tutor, I work Monday, Wednesday, and Friday from 7 to 9 every week. Q: How many hour does the woman work every week? (D)
与数字有关的常见表达法
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①基数字和序数字的表达法 百：a hundred 百万：a million
千：a thousand 十亿：a billion
fifty-six thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine
第一：the first 第二：the second 第三：the third 四楼：the fourth floor ②分数和小数的表达法
分子为1的分数：1／2读作one half；1／4读作one fourth或one quarter 分子不为1的分数：2／3读作two thirds；4／5读作four fifths 代分数：3／2读作one and a half
小数：0．3读作zero point three；7．85读作seven point eight five ③倍数和百分数的表达法
倍数：3倍读作three times；2倍读作twice
百分数：30％读作thirty percent；87％读作eighty-seven percent ④货币和价格的表达法
美元：dollar；25美分：a quarter；10美分：a dime；1美分：a cent 英镑：pound；1便士：1 penny；2便士：2 pence ⑤航班号、房间号和电话号码的表达法 航班号：45次航班读作Flight 45 房间号：1215房间读作Room 1215
电话号码：68323311读作six eight three two three three one one或six eight three two do
double three double one
⑥其他与数字有关的词
一对：a couple off；一打：a dozen of；翻番：double；增加到三倍：triple
（11）难词语类 题型特点
这类题目的命题要点在于句中关键性的难词语及其用法，考点在于局部，而不是对于整个句子的理解。 解题思路
考生应注意平时积累一些英语常见短语及习惯用语。
例1：
A) Cindy studies harder than the woman. B) Cindy plays bottles better than the woman. C) The woman studies harder than Cindy. D) Neither Cindy nor the woman studies hard.
M: How do you feel about Cindy? That girl seldom concentrates on her books and her hobby is clothes only.
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1 123 456 7读作：one billion one hundred and twenty three million four hundred and
W: She is no more diligent than you are. Q: Which of the following is true? (D)
例2：
A) She can never recall the title of the article. B) The title is rather difficult to pronounce. C) She has temporarily forgotten the title. D) It‟s a bestseller of the year.
M: Are you sure you can‟t recall the title of the article? W: It‟s just on the tip of my tongue!
Q: What does the woman say about the article ? (C)
二、长对话部分(Long Conversations)
长对话虽然是新增题型，但和短对话在考查要点和听力技巧方面有很多相通之处，以上基本的题型对破解长对话有着相似的功效，长对话不过是增加了信息量和题量而已。
长对话含有两到四组对话，对话结束后有两到三个问题，问题有可能涉及到以上要点中的两个或更多。
四级英语新题型考试的长对话共有2篇，7道题目。长对话的题材一般都与校园生活有关。如：
（1）课程内容（以上课为背景，介绍某个知识）
（2）打工内容（常涉及到工作的内容、与学习课程的冲突等） （3）科学常识（以上课内容形式出题，范围及其广泛） （4）度假旅游经历
（5）学校生活（餐厅的食物、某个教师等） （6）住宿生活（特别是与舍友或房东的矛盾） （7）某项娱乐活动
解题技巧： （1）正确判断信息
考生读题时，划出选项中的关键词，对文章的主题进行一个大致的推测。 （2）掌握一定的思维方式
抓住考题的共同特点，如：
a. 考虑到考生的学生身份，出题人对实际经济问题比较在意。这一点常常体现在打工、旅游交通工具选择、与房东的矛盾、在餐厅吃饭等方面。需要掌握的原则是，越经济实惠，越符合说话人的心态。
b. 积极向上的态度是考题的主流。题目如果涉及观点或建议时，通常答案都会是正面
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的。说话人最终的语气以鼓励、自励、坚持到底、主持公道但不伤和气、互相帮助为主。 （3）留心首句
考试的时候，对话的第一句话往往很重要，它通常点出了对话的主题，考到的概率也是最高。听的时候要注意
（4）掌握出题形式，抓住听的重点
a. 考题侧重点：说话人的身份、谈话的背景与地点、谈话的主题或具体某一点内容（通常这类细节题至少有两道）；某一说话人的观点、结论、接下来要做的事情等等。
b. 谈话的重点：从对话开始到结束，一般包括以下三个部分： 两人寒暄，引入话题——进入正题，一问一答谈论细节——结束正题 根据上述对话特征，考生的应对策略：
抓住话题，迅速判断说话人的关系——结合选项，预测考点，特别关注说话人一方对另一方问题的回答——不能松懈，长对话的最后一题，常常会选用“What will the speaker probably talk about next?”而答案常常就在最后一句。 （5）听时做笔记
利用现有选项，做个有质量的笔记，对于整篇文章的理解和把握都有极大的帮助，对于选择题的两种常见题型——细节题和综合体，都应加以记录或判断，这样就可以把答题的主动权掌握在自己的手中。
例1：
1. A) Differences between soccer and rugby.
B) A football match between China and Britain. C) Chinese and British football fans. D) One‟s favorite sport.
2. A) It is not very popular in China.
B) It is accepted by more and more people.
C) People in China like playing football but do not like watching it. D) Chinese people are all keen on football.
3. A) Most of them are very crazy.
B) They‟re troublemakers.
C) They love football very much.
D) They contribute all their lives to football.
W: What sports do you often go in for, Mr. Clinton?
M: Oh, football---both kinds, you know, soccer and rugby. I play quite a bit of cricket, too. Do you like sports, too, Miss Li?
W: Yes, very much. I play basketball, but my favorite sport is table-tennis. What‟s your favorite
sport?
M: Mine is football. It‟s the best way6 to build up your health, I think. W: That‟s true. I‟m interested in it, too. M: Is football very popular in China now?
W: Not really. In fact, only in recent years have people taken an interest5 in football. It‟s getting
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more and more popular, though. What about watching the football match tomorrow evening? I‟ve got two tickets.
M: Why, yes, that‟ll be nice. Thank you.
W: By the way, people say in Britain there are many football fans behaving as troublemakers. Is
that true?
M: Yes, sometimes. In fact, only a few get out of control.
W: British people have a keen interest in the game, as I can see.
M: Right! Football fans are so dedicated t5hat they travel hundreds of miles to see their favorite
team in action and cheer it on to victory.
1. What is the main topic of the conversation?
2. What does the woman say about the present situation of football in China? 3. What does the man think of British football fans? 1.D 2.B 3.C
例2：
1. A) A T-shirt.
B) A sweatshirt. C) A sweater.
D) A pair of man‟s pants.
2. A) It is the wrong size.
B) It is stained.
C) It has loose thread. D) It is too fancy.
3. A) To return his money.
B) To exchange the item. C) To give him store credit.
D) To compensate him for the item.
4. A) The customer didn‟t follow the instructions for using the item.
B) The item was on clearance.
C) The man no longer has the store receipt. D) It is beyond the returning duration.
W: How Can I help you?
M: I‟d like to return this sweater for a refund. I bought it a week ago. W: Well, what seems to be the problem?
M: Isn‟t it obvious by just looking at it? The first time I washed and dried it, the thing shrank at
least five sizes.
W: I see what you mean, but did you follow the washing instructions? I think it says right here on
the label to handwash it and then to dry it on low heat.
M: How was I supposed to know that? The label is written in French!
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W: The sales clerk must have told you when you bought it.
M: And something else: The stitching is coming undone and the color faded from a nice dark blue
to green. What kind of merchandise are you trying to sell here anyway?
W: Listen, sir. We take a lot of pride in our clothing. What I can do is allow you to change the
sweater for another one.
M: I don‟t want to change if for anything! I just want my money back!
W: Well, I can give you credit on your next purchase, and since the item you purchased was on
clearance, we can‟t give you a refund.
M: A clearance item! There wasn‟t anything on the price tag or on the clothing rack that said
anything about that.
W: I guess you didn‟t read the fine print in our ad. M: I haven‟t seen any of it!
W: Look. Here‟s the ad, and the information about the clearance sale is right here at the bottom on
the back page.
M: How was I supposed to see such small words!
W: Anyway, you can only return items with a receipt within six days, and unfortunately, that was
yesterday in your case.
M: What a rip off! AI want to talk to the manager.
1.What is the man trying to return to the store?
2. What is one reason why the man wants to return the item? 3. What does the man want the man do?
4. What reason is NOT mentioned why the sales clerk can‟t help the customer with his request?
1. C 2. C 3. A 4.C
二、短文部分（Short Passages）
在四级听力测试中，短文部分共有3篇文章，语速为每分钟120—160个单词。每篇文章后附3—4个问题，共计10个问题。每个问题后有4个选项，两个问题之间的间隔是15秒。要求考生根据所听录音，从4个选项中选出最佳答案。短文部分信息量大，句子长度和复杂性比对话部分大得多，对考生的概念理解、信息组织和重点记忆有较高的要求。短文部分主要测试考生在语篇水平上的理解能力。
短文部分的形式一般为讲话、叙述、解说等，题材一般包括某些社会问题，如文化、教育、住房、交通、卫生、能源短缺、人口增长、城市污染等，尤其是以文化、教育为多。也包括某些短小精悍、生动鲜明的小故事、人物传记、叙述一些普通人物的特殊经历或业绩、科技新发现、新发明及其应用等。还包括一些常识的介绍，如节日的来历、历史事件等。
（1）科普性短文，介绍一些自然现象及科学界的试验及研究成果
（2）文化历史、风俗习惯、音乐艺术及体育方面的短文，介绍这些领域中有影响的地方、事件和著名人物等。
（3）常识性短文，介绍生活，如衣食住行等方面的小常识。 （4）故事性短文，介绍一个趣味故事或某人的经历。 （5）与学生学习和生活密切相关的教育和校园生活的短文。
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短文部分要求考生在大概3分钟的时间里听完一篇短文，并且要听懂文章大意，记住并理解文章中的某些具体细节，然后在15秒钟内针对所提出的问题，选出正确答案。因此，考生若想更好地理解短文部分并在这一部分测试中取得好成绩，除了要具备扎实的语言基础，掌握丰富的语言知识外，还须掌握正确的听音技巧和解题方法。
读题：分析题与题之间的关系，把握短文的大意。浏览选项，划出关键词。
题型分类： （1）main idea （2）factors (detail) （3）inference （4）author‟s attitude
1．了解并熟悉提问方式
在听力测试短文部分，考生一定要听清短文后的问题。每篇短文后，紧接着就提出问题，听清所提出的每个问题是听短文的关键所在，解题的成败。与否取决于能否根据问题作答。虽然短文的内容涉及面广，但测试重点具有一定的规律，可概括为以下几个方面： ·事件的原因和结果； ·人物的身份，相互间的关系； ·事件发生的时间和地点； ·人物的观点和态度； ·个别词、词组的含义； ·近音、近义、形似词的辨别；
·根据所给的数字准确地进行计算等等。
其提问方式主要如下： ①事实题型
这类问题一般为Wh-question形式，所问内容涉及到人名、地名、时间、年代、数字、原因、目的等。这类问题的难点在于听懂和理解疑问词以及听清短文中隐蔽处——从句或短语中所含的问题。例如：
According to the passage, what (when/which/who/why/how) did(was/would)... ? Which of the following statements is true/not true?
Which of the following is mentioned/not mentioned in the passage? Which of the following is discussed/not discussed in the passage? ②中心思想题型
这是对短文的主题、中心思想的提问。这类题型主要考查考生对全局的掌握。——般要求考生从四个选择项中挑出最适合作中心思想的句子或最适合作标题的句子。例如：
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What is the main idea/topic of the passage? What does the passage focus on? What is the passage mainly about?
Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea? ③内在含义题型
这是短文听力试题中最难的一类，因为选项内容所表现出的不是文章的表面含义，而是其内在含义。这就需要考生充分利用上下文，将所听到的信息进行归纳、推理、判断，以确定其内在含义。一般是用下列问题提问：
What can you infer/not infer from the passage? What does the passage mainly suggest? What conclusion can you get from the passage? What does the passage imply? What does the author imply by... ?
What can/cannot be inferred from the passage?
Which of the following is implied/not implied in the passage? ④判断推理题
判断推理题实际上是细节题的另一种测试形式。它一般是针对具体细节而进行的提问，考生往往需要根据短文判断选项的内容是否正确或被提及，所以要求既要听懂短文，还要有较好的记忆力，才能从选项中找出正确的答案。其提问方式为：
What would the paragraph following the passage most probably discuss7 What would the paragraph preceding this passage probably discuss.? Where is the passage most probably taken from?
Which of the following is true/false according to the passage? ⑤词语释义题
这类问题主要是要求考生就谈话中所出现的某个重要词语进行解释，选择—个符合上下文语境的选项，；这类题选择起来并不困难。例如：
What does.., mean in the passage?
According to the passage，……means which of the following?
2．掌握方法和应试技巧
短文是听力测试中难度最大的部分，篇幅长、信息量大，难于听一遍录音之后就把全文记住。行些考生根本听不懂，有些只能抓住支离破碎的几个词或几句话，短文主要讲了些什么，全然不知，更无法答题。还有一些考生由于听的时候抓不住重点，把握不住全文的关键，再加上在文章里同时出现了几个人、几件事、几个数字的情况下互相混淆，导致听时“清楚”，听后糊涂。要解决好这些问题，应该注意以下几个方面：
①抢读选项，预测文章内容和问题
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要学会从选项中预测短文信息，在听录音前快速浏览四个选项，力求捕获有关信息，预测短文的内容和可能提出的问题。
②要抓往文章的主题句，从而抓住文章的中心思想
找㈩主题句，把握全文大意，主题句是短文展开和发展的基础。主题句一般位于文章或段落的开头和结尾。考生在听录音时，要特别注意这两处。
③边听边记，抓住文章的重要事实或细节
细节题的答案——般可以在短文中找到。正确解答细节题，边听边记尤为重要。根据选项提供的信息，有选择地将时间、地点、人物、数字和—些事件做简化记录，同时要注意叙述的先后顺序。
细节题的笔记：
细节题的四个选项所包含的信息一般在文章中都会出现，考生在做笔记时，要记下不同选项对应的不同细节，仅仅打勾是不够的。
综合题的笔记：听的时候，对于较长的综合题，应该以判断正误（可打勾或叉标注）为主，有余力的话，亦可坚持记下相关细节。
④学会引申和推断
考生应根据短文所提供的部分信息进行逻辑推理，积累—定的以英语为母语国家的背景知识，判断所节选的某一部分的内容要点。
标志词/语气转换
对标志词及语气、音调突然转变，要特别关注，因为它们往往预示着话题的转换。 And now (we will)… Now…
Before I move on to… And what about … Next …
Right, so the first thing… I‟d like not to… Well, … Finally, … To start with…
如果错过了题目怎么办？
按照出题原则来说，为了保证正确选项的逻辑严密性，句子通常会长一些。这就是说，最长的那个选项可能就是你没有选择的时候的选择。
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英语中的长句容易考到
这是因为考生往往只有耐心听完长句的前半句就匆匆作出选择，此类考题就是把前半句出成干扰选项，而真正的答案却在后半句。例如：The school library can only be accessed by teachers and students（干扰项），而原文却是：The school library is reserved for teachers and students only（听到这里，很多考生已经做好了选择）unless you are a member of the …
从标志词（Markers）的角度讲，unless也算得上一个带转折条件句的标志词，是考点所在。
三、听写部分(Dictation)
全国大学英语四级统考于1997年6月首次采用了“复合式听写”(Compound Dictation)这一题型，复合式听写包括两部分：第—部分要求考生根据录音内容准确地填出空格里的词汇，一般为一个单词，全段共填8个单词；第二部分要求考生听完后写出该部分文章的要点。 用于复合式听写的短文约有250个词，共朗读三遍。复合式听写与短文部分的篇章在题材、体裁和难度上二大体相同，朗读速度略低于《大学英语教学大纲》中所规定的语速。第一遍为全文朗读，中间没有任何停顿；第二遍有间隔停顿，让考生根据所听内容写出所缺单词和句子的大意；第三遍朗读与第一遍一样，没有停顿，主要供考生进行核对。
复合式听写 简介：
新题型必考题，属于主观题，对考生来说，如果没听懂，想要猜测答案基本是不可能的。所以，复习时要注重能力的提高，多做练习。
Compound Dictation 共有11个空格，前8个空格每个要求填写一个单词，最后3个空格每格填写一个句子。如果按百分制计算，单词0.5分一个，共8个单词，占4分；句子2分一句，共3句，占6分，一共占试卷的10%。这个部分一共读三遍，其中第二遍语速较慢，在三个句子后会各停顿1分钟左右。
常见问题：
（1） 拼写错误。有些比较简单的单词，如tomorrow，Wednesday等常常会被写成
tommorrow，Wensday等。
（2） 无法写全句子。考生通常可以写出前半句，而后半句往往无法写全；
（3） 无法拼写出句子中的核心难词。在一个整句中，考生常常来不及反映某些难词，并
且因为这个词而错过后面的信息；
（4） 在听的时候，抓不住句子本身的意思，只是逐字在听。
解题技巧： 单词填空：
（1） 一心二用
通常，原文的长度有限，这决定了两个需要填写的单词可能离得比较近，所以在听写的时候，考生在填前一个空格的时候，眼睛应该关注下一格，以免一题听漏而造成多题漏听的“多米诺”效应。
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（2） 有效记录
听第一遍录音：每个空格都能记下一些信息，尽量写全容易的词，对于难词，可以暂时用一些速记符号，首音节，首字母。
听第二遍录音：补全单词。 听第三遍录音：考生应根据上下文的意思检查一下填写的单词与原文在语法上、逻辑上是否符合，拼写是否正确。 （3） 加强练习，改进方法
有些考生把握了节奏，但大多只能够记下单词的首字母，这意味着考生对于单词不够熟悉没，但是问题的根源是考生平时在背单词的时候没有主义将单词的拼写、意义和发音作为一个整体来记忆。
能读懂的单词3000左右，能听懂的单词2000左右，会用的单词1000左右，是初中水平
这是由于考生平时语言学习过程中语言输入和语言输出的不平衡还有重读写、轻听说造成的。
考生常用的传统方法：按词汇表背。
按自己练习时整理积累的词汇，中英文对照着背。
传统方法的特征：属于视觉输入，通过单词的意思和拼写记忆。
传统方法的弊端：考生在输出时仍然以视觉输出为主，做听力联系时，仍出现“好耳熟，但就是想不起来”的状态。
对以上问题，最佳的解决方法就是精听，经常做练习，提升耳朵对阅读认知的反应速度。 比较常用的词，一般听到之后就可以完整记录，但是有一些比较难记的词，应该根据发音规则大致猜测一下，进行记录，过后再确认有没有拼错。
第三遍听的过程中应该检查一下所填的答案，根据上下问判断语法是否准确。
句子听写
在听写句子时，一定要以理解为首要原则，即先听懂句子，再抓住重要细节，最后把句子补充完整。注意不要一字一句的处理复合式听写中后面三个句子的听写，这样会漏掉内容。英语是以动词为核心的语言，因此，理解句子的关键在于抓住句子的动词。 （1） 关注动词后面的介词或副词搭配，这对理解句子意思有极大帮助。
（2） 关注并列的动词。有些句子中往往有两个或者三个动词并列，因此要排除其他成分
而注意并列连词，以抓住所有并列动词，并进而捕捉到句子的主谓宾语，从而达到完整理解句子的目的。
（3） 对于长句，要在连词上下功夫，对于那些引导状语、定语、表语、主语等从句的连
词要特别敏感，这样才能从整个句子结构这个层面上去把握。
步骤：
（1） 第一遍：抓主要意思和长句的结构，有可能的话，几下句子的主干。
（2） 第二遍：在理解的基础上迅速记录，要学一点速记方法，要有自己的一套符号，这
样可以不必将每个单词都写完。同时重点记录主谓宾和引导从句的连词、重读的词和短暂停顿前后的词。
（3） 第三遍：将句子的细节补充完整，同时把速记符号或不完整的词改过来，特别注意
那些容易被忽略的次，如：to, and, a, an, is, was, the等。
A person who is intelligent is considered to be a “brain”.
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Many expressions use the word “brain” to mean intelligent.
One of the expressions is “brain trust”. It became popular during the administration of President Roosevelt.
It meant a group of experts who give advice, usually on governmental policy.
笔记的关键是记下句子的主干，也就是抓住核心词，通常是动词、名词、形容词，千万不要逐字笔记，一遍听下来只记了几个句子的开头词。但记下主干的前提是：对句子的大意有所把握，可以听完了再写，不一定需要边听边写，因为这样容易受到生词或者难词的困扰，对于把握主题不利。
第二遍录音之后，可以记下重要的细节，无需处理一些重复的词，肯定能听懂的词也不用多花功夫，对于比较难的词要仔细记下音节。
听句子的关键是把句子的主干部分记下来，对于一些枝枝节节的信息，丢掉也没有关系。
复合式听写所用短文与听力理解短文部分的篇章在题材、体裁和难度上大体相问，但对考生的听音能力及语言表达能力提出了更高的要求。它比听力选择题更强调语言综合运用能力，考生不仅要具有良好的听的能力，还应具有较强的拼写能力，记笔记能力和书面表达能力，听的能力是“复合式听写”的基础。下面谈谈如何提高“复合式听写”的能力和应试方法。 ①通过卷面文字捕捉信息，找出线索，了解大意
“复合式听写”材料多为说明文(Exposition)，这一体裁的文章具有主题突出、条理分明、层次清楚、语言简洁、逻辑性强的特点。文章的开头或段首多半有主题句(Topic Sentence)，之后的段、句进一步具体扩展、说明或论证主题句。根据“复合式听写”往年样题，听写第二部分的自然段段首和段尾均有完整的主题句。考生应利用一切机会，如考前空隙或播放考试指令时间，浏览试卷该项下文字部分，尤其是主题句，根据主题句预测文章发展线索和大意。 即使“复合式听写”材料为其它体裁的文章，听音前浏览一下试题也大有裨益，因为文章具有一致性和连贯性的特点，从试题中我们总会搜索到一些有参考价值的材料。 ②听写结合，双管齐下
根据“复合式听写”新题型通知说明，第一遍是全文朗读，要求考生注意听懂全文内容。由于听音前考生已预览了卷面文字，对听力材料有广大致的了解，因此听读第一遍时，考生可以适当地填写些单词和做些笔记。听为主，记为辅，要做好“复合式听写”，考生需多多实践，获取较强的边听边记能力。听音贯穿着期待、预测、分析、综合、推理和判断等一系列过程，考生应同时快速记一下几个关键词，而在记笔记时，又要有效；专注地去听，获取信息理解全文。
听写中边听边记具有必要性，听为手段，记为目的；听和记两种不同的语言技能在“复合式听写”和有着紧密的联系，相互促进。第—遍记下关键词有助于第二遍听写时启发记忆，提示要点，同时也减轻了第二遍笔记的任务，使笔记更加充实、完整，依次写出的内容要点才会更加全面、准确。另一方面，边听边记也具有可行性，试想同学们听外籍教师上课，听了一遍不是也可记下授课要点吗?只要多加练习，其实也不难做到。 ③提高记笔记的效率
一般考生听完两遍基本可听懂句意；但只凭记忆写要点，往往容易有疏漏和错误。足够
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信息量的笔记是写好要点的重要条件；但如何在有限的时间内记录下更多的内容呢?这里介绍几种方法。
首先，可使用前面刚刚介绍过的缩略语。没有缩略语的词汇，如字母较少的单词，可完整写出该词，如gift，take；字母较多的单词只写该词前几个字母，这里的基本要求是快速，省时，并能表达含义。缩略语不一定要求规范，甚至可用些符号，所记内容不一定要求完整，只要能起到提示的作用，自己能看懂就行了。
其次，由于“复合式听写”第二部分句子听写朗读时每句话之内并没右停顿，即使使用缩略语也难记下全文，因此考生应有选择地记笔记。英语中实词具有表意功能，而虚词多具语法功能，所记问应以实词为主。
另外，因为“复合式听写”第二部分只要求写出内容要点，这样考生应重点记下句中的中心词，不是很重要的定、状语便略去不记。
通过这几种方法，考生大大压缩了所记的问语，赢得了时间，精练了内容，增大了笔记的信息量，为写好内容要点创造了条件。 ④书面表达内容要点
“复合式听写”全文朗读两遍后会有停顿让考牛根据所听和所记内容写出第二部分主要意思。答题时，考生应针对以上内容及第一部分和第二：部分的主题句进行分析、判断、概括。文章要点显然不可缺漏，但也无需有闻必录，多多益善，考生应分清主次，有所取舍，从这个意义上说，“复合式听写”还要求考生具有一定的逻辑分析及归纳能力，文字表达应简洁、通顺、准确。分析往年考题参，我们不难发现它有以下特点： ①将内容要点分列为几点，清楚明白，一目了然。
②要点尽可能用完整的简单句表达，不宜用短语，句式也不宜过于复杂。 ③尽量省去语句中可有可无的修饰成份。
总而言之，考生应用有限的词语简洁明了地概括出所听内容的全部要点，使内容要点和语言表达达到有机的完美统一。 ⑤检查、核对内容要点
“复合式听写”第三遍朗读供考生进行核对，核对是最后必不可少的环节，考生应抓住时机弥补前两遍听音时所忽略或遗漏的内容，进一步修改和完善自己的答案。
听写第一部分要求考生填入所缺单词，有时考生只凭辨音仍难以准确地判断出应为何词，此时考生运用自己的语言知识，修正听力细节的不足。主要可以从语法结构、词语搭配、意义连贯、上下文等多角度去推测、分析和判断，并正确拼写出单词。而在核对听写第二部分内容要点表达时则应注意力求要点完整、准确，尽量减少语言中的语法、拼写等错误。 听写是一种有效的综合性测试，可以考查学生词汇量、拼写、句法、听力、理解、记笔记和一定的书面表达等多方面的要素和技能，有研究发现听写成绩与许多其它技能的相关系数很高。笔者深信全面打好语言基本功是提高听写能力的重要途径，但听写训练具有自身的科学性和技巧性，多练加巧练则定可取得事半功倍的成效。 例：
A new report says the Himalayan mountains are threatened by the warming of the Earth‟s climate. The report says human activities are partly (36) responsible for the warming temperatures. 34
The climate changes (37) threaten people‟s lives, the local economy and the (38) environment.
The Himalayas are the highest mountain system in the world. A team of mountains (39) climbers from Britain, New Zealand and Chile recently traveled to the Himalayas. They (40) gathered information about the environment. They spoke to local people and other travelers about the condition of the word‟s most famous mountains. Their findings (41) confirmed the above report. They found that warmer weather has been (42) melting huge mountains of ice in the Himalayas. These melting glaciers are creating lakes that could overflow and flood wide areas. Temperatures in the area have risen one degree Celsius during the past thirty years. Satellite maps show that the glaciers are (43) shrinking at a rate of thirty to forty meters each year. The study identified almost 5,000 glacier lakes in Nepal and Bhutan. (44) Researchers say forty-four of these lakes could overflow during the next5 five years. UN officials say this flooding could have serious effects on local communities and the environment. (45) However, they say it may be possible to remove water from the lakes before they overflow and use that water to create energy. Observers say community action is helping to restore the mountain environment. (46) However, researchers say the Himalayas have been harmed by an increase in visitors to the area, over-cutting of trees and other environmental destruction. UN officials say the glacier melt in the Himalayas should be a warming to industrial countries to reduce heat-trapping gases that cause global warming.
1. Wonderful starting 2. Interact the sentences 3. Make the end memorable I love this girl
She is simply an angel in my heart. I could hardly stop missing her every night.
A. She is my seatmate and lives not far away from
my home, so I’ve got plenty of time of being with her.
B. We always talk without hiding anything, and she is always there when I need her.
C. Both of us fall in love deeply, and I feel we are mad for each other.
She covers each inch of my heart.
第二章、短文写作
一、四级作文的六种题材 1提纲式作文
(1)认识提纲式作文
提纲式作文是四级作文考试中最常见的一种作文题型。提纲作文的命题形式是先给出英文作文标题，再用英语或汉语列出提纲(outline)，要求考生按照提纲的要求写出文章。提纲有时是短语，有时是句子。提纲作文已经以提纲的形式对整篇文章的范围、内容、段落结构
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等进行了限定，考生只要按照提纲思路来扩展、充实内容，一般不会偏题跑题，从这个意义来讲，提纲作文属较易完成的四级作文类型。 ①中文提纲作文
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Surfing on the Internet according to the following outline ( given in Chinese ).Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Remember to write your composition on the Answer Sheet 1 clearly and neatly.
1．因特网在生活中普及。
2．因特网给人们生活带来的影响（好的方面，坏的方面） 3．我的观点和看法。 Surfing on the Internet
Surfing on the Internet is a very popular pastime nowadays. Statistics show that the number of people who apply to have access to Internet doubles every month. When people meet, one common greeting is \"Have you surfed on the Internet today?\"
Internet opens us a new world and brings us closer. Firstly, we can communicate with our friends more rapidly and quickly. Secondly, Internet brings us fun.
For example, many websites open chat-rooms where we can talk with different people and make new friends. Finally, many businessmen are talking so-called E-business seriously on the net. However, just as a coin has two sides, the Internet has its disadvantages. Firstly, some people may linger too long on the net while neglecting their work or study. Secondly, some columns on the net may have a negative influence on the youth.
In my opinion, Internet becomes an integral part of our lives, but it is certainly not everything. Living in the 21st century, we need to make good use of the new tool--Internet, but it is just a tool, not life itself. Neither depending on it too much nor ignoring it deliberately is not the correct way of treating the Internet.
②英文提纲作文
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Making Friends according to the following outline. Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Remember to write your composition on the Answer Sheet 1 clearly and neatly. 1. The need for friends. 2. True friendship.
3. My principle in making friends. Making Friends
As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend. We need friends to share our joy and sorrow; we consult with friends if there are problems we cannot handle alone; we go to friends for help when we are in troubles; and we sometimes confide to our friends what secrets we are reluctant to reveal to our family. In a sense, friends are often more important to us than relatives. But not all who are friendly to each other and enjoy each other's company in the social gatherings can be called true friends. True friendship consists in sincerity, mutual trust, and self-sacrifice, both in times of happiness and at moments of crisis. A true friend does not just tell us what we want to hear but will do what he thinks is the best for us in the long run.
When I choose friends, I do not care what work they do or what social background they are
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from, but I do notice those little things which reveal one's characters. I would make sure that we really care for each other, so that no matter how much time goes by without seeing each other, I know my friends will always be there, ready to help if I need them. And I know we are true friends indeed.
(2)写作策略
1．考生必须审好标题，仔细推敲提纲思路，确定提纲所隐含的文章主题，不要遗漏甚至违背规范的文章要求。
2．充分利用提纲写好每段的主题句，主题句应紧扣主题、言简意赅。
3．根据标题、提纲和主题句选择与其关系最密切、最具说明力且最容易表达的细节、例子等，围绕主题句进行扩展。 (3)写作示范 例1：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Advertising according to the following outline ( given in Chinese ). Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Remember to write your composition on the Answer Sheet 1 clearly and neatly.
1.广告的坏处。 2.广告的好处。 3.你的看法。
根据所给标题和中文提纲，可以确定作文主题是：对待广告应采取正确态度：有利有弊，但利大于弊，宜采用论说文体。作文的前两段分别阐述对待“广告”的正反两方的观点，第三段在前文的基础上论述自己的结论，点明主题并总结全文。至于个人看法的取向，可选择前两段所提供的两个观点中任何一个，也可采取折衷的方法，不用逼迫自己做出两难的抉择，本范文即为此类。
经以上分析，可将本篇作文的主题句和略加“细化”的提纲试拟为： 1． The harmfulness of advertising are obvious. (1) extremely costly & paid by the consumers (2) human resource-consuming
(3) promotes image over substance & a standardization of taste
2． There are also a number of persuasive arguments advanced in defense of advertising. (1)informative
(2) stimulates demand for successful products & creates jobs 3． I prefer a society with advertising. 范文： Advertising
The harmful effects of advertising are obvious. It is quite easy to find reasons for attacking advertising. Firstly, it tends to be extremely costly and this cost must eventually be paid by the consumers. Secondly, it uses up valuable human resources. The advertising profession occupies many of the best brains in any country. In addition, from the social standpoint, advertising promotes image over substance and a standardization of taste.
However, there are also a number of persuasive arguments advanced in defense of advertising. In the first place, it had a valuable informative function, helping potential customers
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know about the characteristics, and prices of products or where they can buy a particular product cheaply. Then, by stimulating demand for successful products, advertising creates jobs in the manufacturing and service sectors.
If I must choose between living in a society with typical advertising or without advertising, personally I prefer the former because advertising on the whole is good in spite of its deficiencies and problems. In my opinion, there is no need for us to give up eating for fear of choking.
例2：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Cheating in Examinations according to the following outline ( given in English ). Your composition should be no less than 120 words. Remember to write your composition on the Answer Sheet 1 clearly and neatly.
1. Cheating in examinations is becoming a serious problem on many colleges and universities. 2. Many discussions have been held to analyze the causes of the problem. 3. Cheating in examinations has very bad effects.
根据所给标题和英文提纲，可以确定作文主题是：考试作弊十分有害，应加以制止，宜采用议论文体。第一段为引言段，指出“舞弊”这一现象的存在；第二段为发展段，解释“舞弊”问题存在的原因；第三段为结尾段，阐述其危害性并呼吁解决。 经以上分析，可将主题句和“细化”的提纲拟为： 1. Phenomenon.
2. Many discussions have been held to analyze the causes of the problem.
(1) Students are affected by the idea that money is everything and knowledge is useless. (2) rigid grading system
3. It has some bad effects on students' academic performance as well as their morality practice. (1) impossible to reveal their weaknesses (2) immoral & should be punished 范文：
Cheating in Examinations
Nowadays, cheating in examinations is becoming a serious problem on many colleges and universities. Some students do not study 13ard at their usual time. But during the examinations, they always resort to cheating in order to get a passing grade.
Many discussions have been held to analyze the causes of the problem. Some students are affected by the idea that money is everything and knowledge is of no use, which is prevailing in society. What they care, instead of study hard, is earning money and pursuing comforts. So when the exam comes, they have to resort to cheating to earn a mere grade. Rigid grading system also promotes cheating. To some extent, colleges or universities themselves must bear the blame for their placing more emphasis on grades than on learning. Class attendance and performance are not important so long you pass the final exam.
It has some bad effects on students' academic performance as well as their morality practice. For example, cheating makes it impossible to reveal their weaknesses and thus difficult for a teacher to know how to help these students. Besides, those who cheat in exams are not only cheating others but also, in fact, cheating themselves. This deceitful behavior is definitely immoral and should be severely punished.
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2 情景式作文
（1）认识情景式作文
情景式作文的命题形式是用英语或汉语提供一个与短文写作内容有关的情景提示，要求考生根据特定的情景展开合理的想象完成一篇切景的作文。情景作文题中，有的规定了时间、地点、人物，有的要求就某一事物或观点发表议论，有的则要求叙述或描写一件事物。这种命题形式有时给出作文标题，有时则不给。由于此类作文所给出的信息往往较为笼统、模糊，因此对考生分析题意的能力提出了较高要求。 (2)写作策略
①仔细阅读领会所提供的情景提示及作文要求，不要忽略任何一点内容。 ②根据所提供的情景确定文章中心思想，若有标题，可结合起来分析。 ③紧扣主题并严格按照情景中规定的条件、范围和内容要求来展开文章，做到切题切景。 ④鼓励展开想象，但不能脱离主题和所规定的情景且应合情合理。 (3)写作示范
Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Cloning a Blessing or a Curse? You must base your composition on the following instructions (given in English).
It goes without saying that Clone technology is a wonder in modem science. However, different people take different attitudes as to its application.
根据所给标题和情景，可以确定本文是围绕“克隆技术是福是祸”的话题展开，要求阐明人们对于克隆技术的不同看法，即指出人们的观点并加以讨论，体裁定为议论文。
文章可分三段来写。第一段可以对“什么是克隆技术”作一个简单的解释，因为术语，特别是像“克隆”这样较新的术语必须予以解释。第二段应介绍人们对这一技术所持有的两种截然不同的态度：乐观肯定和悲观恐惧。第三段论述作者自己的观点，总结全文并提出建议。
注意：选择什么样的观点并不重要，重要的是能把自己的看法鲜明地表达出来。 范文
Cloning a Blessing or a Curse?
The term Clone is no longer new to us. It refers to the nonsexual reproduction of a single plant or animal from any cell, and with exactly the same form as the parent.
It goes without saying that Clone technology is a wonder in science. However, different people take different attitudes as to its application. Many people are very excited about the success of Clone technique. They think human beings can benefit a lot from it, as it offers the possibilities for human beings to breed excellent varieties of plants and animals by making use of the best gene. There are some other people who hold quite different opinions about this technique. They think that if abused, it will bring about a disaster. For example, if Clone technique is carried out on human beings, it will lead to moral, social as well as legal confusion. Moreover, we can't yet predict what disaster it will bring about.
Therefore, it is safe to say that the Clone technique itself is innocent, but once it is put to unwise use, its destructive power will be uncontrollable. So it is important that we apply the Clone technology properly and make it benefit human beings.
3命题式作文
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(1)认识命题式作文
命题式作文，也称标题作文。它只给定作文标题，要求考生按照规定题目写作，没有任何其它附加提示、条件或素材范围。因此，相对而言，命题作文给作者提供了较大的自由度。考生可在审清题目抓住题义的基础上，充分利用自己的知识储备和语言所长，自由挑选恰当的写作角度、写作文体和写作素材等来完成作文。 (2)写作策略
①由于题目是作文唯一的要求，因此审清作文题便成了命题作文的关键。审标题的时候要特别注意两点：
a)作文标题中有的直述主题如：“How to Succeed in a Job Interview?”(2001.1)、“Practice Makes Perfect'’(1997.1)；有的暗示主题如：“Politeness and Sincerity”、“Wealth and Happiness”，实际隐含的主题是二者之间的关系；有的引导主题如“Is Failure a Bad Thing?”(1992.1)、“Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?”(2000.6)；有的则只提供文章内容范围如“Changes in People's Diet”、“The Two-day Weekend'’。 b)抓住关键实词，特别注意虚词，如：“My View on Opportunity”的重点显然在“My View”，而“on Opportunity”则为其提供了范围限定。再如：“Importance of Developing Listening Ability'’，其中的“Importance”是作文的中心，而“of Developing Listening Ability'’限定了它的具体范围。
②审明标题后，须按照一定的写作步骤完成其余后续步骤。 (3)写作示范
Direction: For this part, you're given 30 minutes to write a composition according to the title given below. Your writing should not be less than 120 words and remember to write in readable handwriting on the Answer Sheet 1.
Food
作文标题仅为一个单词Food，因此无论是写粮食的种植、粮食的种类、粮食的加工、或者是写粮食的浪费、粮食的匮乏、粮食对人类的意义都是符合题意的。当然也可以采用不同的文体去写它。如果决定写一篇议论文，确定以粮食对人类十分重要，应该大力发展为主题，那么我们脑海中可能马上会冒出essential、vital、protein、calcium等词汇，也会立刻联想到 farming technology、fertilizer industry、agricultural machinery等有关方面的进步和“第三世界”粮食缺乏的问题。
1. Food is essential to our lives. Energy & nutrition
2. Farming technology has been developed rapidly. (1)agricultural machinery (2) fertilizer industry
3. Food problems have not been solved today.
(1) reasons: population rising & farmland destroying
(2) solutions: more investment , birth control and protection of farmland 范文 Food
Food is essential to our lives. Food provides us what our bodies need for existence, such as protein, sugar, calcium and so on. We must eat to supply the energy and nutrition needed for our growth . Food is as vital to our bodies as power is for machines.
Farming technology has been developed rapidly. Because of the importance of food to our lives, much effort has been made to develop agricultural machinery to raise the yielding. Now we
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have a lot of machinery such as tractor and combine. In particular, the fertilizer industry has contributed a lot to the high output of agriculture. Now farmers are becoming less and less dependent on climate for farming.
However, food problems have not been solved today. Some people in the world are still suffering a great shortage of food. The world population is still rising sharply, what is worse, people are destroying more and more farmland for buildings and city expansion. There exist
various solutions to the problem. The main ones involve more agricultural investment for farming technology, birth control and protection of farmland.
4 主题句作文
（1）认识主题句作文 主题句作文，也称段首句作文。其命题形式是给出作文题目的同时也提供出作文三段的段首句，即主题句(Topic Sentence)。要求考生在作文标题和段首句的基础上续写完成三个既相对又互相关联、呼应的段落，从而构成一篇从内容到形式均完整统一的文章。由于主题句是对段落中心思想的概括，是段落的核心，因此段落中的其它句子必须围绕这个主题句展开和深化，或阐明、或补充、或发挥、或论证。主题句有时不一定位于段首，也可能位于段末或段落中间。 （2）写作策略
①认真审清标题和主题句，仔细分析研究标题与各主题句之间的关系，把握全文的主题。 ②充分理解主题句，以明确每段的写作重点和弄清各段之间的逻辑关系，使主题表述清晰流畅。
(3)写作示范
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Idleness Is the Root of All Evil in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph. Your part of the composition should be no less than 120 words, not including the words gives. Remember to write clearly.
1. No great work can be performed without effort._______________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________Thus, we know that diligence is the key factor of success.
3. ____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Idleness is the root of all evil. _________ ______________________________________________________________________________
根据对作文标题和主题句，特别是对其中关键词的仔细分析，确定文章的中心思想就是它的标题：懒惰的危害。
分析三段的主题句，可以清楚 的发现其中第一、二段主题句的关键词分别是effort（努力）和diligence(勤奋)为成功之本的道理来从反面说明懒惰的害处；第一段可以伟人的成功为阐明这一道理；第二段可以此基础上将一道理进一步延伸，论证勤奋对于成功所具有的普遍意义；第三段回到“Idleness”懒惰上来，剖析其危害性，得出结论。 范文
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Idleness Is the Root of All Evil
No great work can be performed without effort. We admire famous men and imagine that their fame was due to some stroke of luck. But when we learn their success stories, we find that it is long years of patient toil and constant effort that brought about their success. Just as we cannot reach the top of a mountain without climbing, we cannot achieve success without effort and hard work.
It is diligence that gives every man and woman, every boy and girl, proper work to do. Many men have become great because of their hardship. Diligence can make a fool wise and the poor rich. Thus, we know that diligence is the key factor of success.
It is human nature to love idleness, to eat delicious things and to wear beautiful clothes. But if we do not go to great pains in study and work, we will never amount to anything in our career. Idleness is the root of all evil. To get fruitful results we must guard against idleness which leads to much wickedness. 5. 关键词作文
（1）认识关键词作文
关键词作文的命题形式为给出作文题目和一些涉及短文主要内容的关键词（Key Words），要求考生写出的文章既能体现题目所要表达的中心思想还要包含所有提供的关键词。所谓关键词，顾名思义，是指与短文内容密切相关，对表达文章主题至关重要的词。关键词可以是单词也可以是短词，一般按照一定的先后顺序或逻辑关系给出；可以是与内容有关的动词、名词、形容词、副词等，也可以是与语篇结构有关的起“启转承接”作用的连接词。 这类作文的难度在于如何从一大堆的关键词不达意找出线索，理清思路，归纳出短文的主题，段落中心以及写作提纲。另外，关键词如何能用得自然贴切恰到好处也是不小的挑战。 （2）写作策略
①认真审请标题，争取对要写的短文主题、内容和结构有一个预判。 ②把关键词和标题结合起来研究，判断短文的中心思想。 ③结合关键词的给出顺序和短文中心，确定各词语间的逻辑关系和内容层次，然后分好段落并拟的提纳。
④关键词的使用上有两点值得注意： a)全部用上，不要遗漏
b)不要顾此失彼，只考虑词语使用而忽视了整篇短文的一致性、连贯性和条理性。 (3)写作示范
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Mobile Phones. You are given the key words of the passage and are required to develop the idea based on the key words. Your part of writing should be no less than 120 words (not including the key words).
Key Words: product, electronics, popularity, reasons, accounting for, portable, ease, expensive, ordinary, information, complain, unpleasant noise, moreover, electromagnetic wave, headaches, reach, spare time, stay, communicate, convenient
单从题目看，短文主题和体裁尚无法确定，结合提供的关键词再看，发现其中有一些带有明显评论色彩的词account for, complain, unpleasant noise, convenient，因此可确定是议论文，短文的内容应围绕“手机虽然有其缺点，但它给人们带来的种种方便，将使它越来越普及”这一主题来展开。
确定主题后，结合主题再仔细研究关键词，可以判断其中的product, electronics, popularity为一组，形成引言段，介绍手机这一电子产品已日益普及。reason一词给了我们非常明显的
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提示，再结合其后的account for, portable, ease, expensive, ordinary, information等构构成第二段的主要内容，即论述手机普及的原因。Complain一词预示着一个新的段落的开始，第三段应包含从complain到spare time这些关键词，论述手机的缺点。最后的三个词stay, communicate, convenient再次强调手机的作用和存在的价值，总结全文。 范文
Mobile Phones
Mobile phones, a product of modem electronics, are gaining in. creasing popularity among people in China. There are several reasons accounting for the popularity of the mobile phones. Firstly, mobile phones are portable. People can carry them everywhere with great ease. Secondly, mobile phones are now no longer expensive and an ordinary person can afford one. Finally, mobile phones can convey information with great speed.
On the other hand, mobile phones also have some disadvantages. Some people complain that mobile phones give unpleasant noise on some wrong occasions, like during a meeting, in an exam, or late at night. Moreover, the electromagnetic wave emitted from the phone is said to be harmful and does often cause headaches to the owner. Finally, people have to go to work sometimes because with the mobile phone the boss can reach them easily during their free time. This cuts into people's spare time.
In my opinion, mobile phones, despite their disadvantages, are to stay in people's lives in the near future. They have changed the way we communicate with each other and made our life more convenient. 6 图表作文
(1)认识图表作文
图表作文的命题形式是提供标题、图表、有时还提供段落提纲，要求考生通过解读图表，对图表中所隐含的信息进行描述、分析、说明，使所写的短文在标题规定的内容范围内采用对比对照的方式或反映某种趋势或揭示某种问题或说明某种现象。图表作文实际是以图表为载体给予情景提示，所以可以理解为一种特殊形式的情景作文，和标准情景作文相比，在审题时增加了读图的步骤。图表作文的命题目的并不只是简单考查考生描述图表表面内容的水平，而更着重于测试考生分析问题，即对图表深层含义领会挖掘的能力及阐述能力。 图表一般有两种形式，一种是统计表(table)，另一种是统计图(graph)如曲线图(line graph)、柱形图(bar graph)和饼图(piegraph)等。图表文的体裁以说明文和描写文为主。 (2)写作策略
①仔细观察研究图表内容，包括图表的文字说明部分和图表中具体数据部分，以弄清图表所试图反映的趋势、问题或现象。
②在充分领会图表信息的基础上，结合标题和其它题目要求构思文章布局。一般说来，图表作文均可采用这样的标准结构：
第一段：描写数据的主要趋势，对数据进行分析比较，总结归纳图表表面所呈现的主要特征。
第二段：分析揭示表象后面的原因。 第三段：下结论。
③文章中要考虑关键数据的引用即体现趋势或变化的重要数据，而绝不能毫无目的地大量照搬堆砌。
④语言要客观、结论应合乎逻辑。 (3)描述图表常用句型 ①引入图表的句型
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We can see / know
It can be seen from the chart/table/graph/ (that) ... It is obvious/evident/clear/apparent As can be seen from the
According to the chart/table/graph, … The chart / table / graph shows (that) As (is) shown from the
②表示数量增加，减少的句型
The consumption of (milk) rose dramatically from 1985 to 1990. The profit increased significantly from May to June.
The number of (private cars) went up sharply from 2000 to 2002. The amount of (computers) soared in the past five years.
The use of solar energy climbed steadily between 1998 and 2001. There was a jump in the profit of sales in the past two years.
There was a gradual increase in the amount of meat consumption between 1996 and 2000. There was a slow reduction of air pollution in the past three years. (3)写作示范
Directions: For the part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 1 O0 words on Changes in People's Diet in China.
Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:
1. state the changes in people's diet(饮食) in the past five years 2. give possible reasons for the changes 3. draw your own conclusions
You should quote as few figure as possible. 1986 1987 1988 19 1990 Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45% Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13% Meat 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 21% Fruit and Vegetables 24% 22% 20% 20% 21% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Changes in People's Diet in China
As is shown in the table, there have been great changes in people's diet over the period from the year 1986 to the year 1990 in China. On one hand, the consumption of grain has dropped 4% during this period, and there has been an obvious decline while, on the other hand, there has been a steady rise in the consumption of some high-energy foods, such as milk and meat.
What has caused the great changes in people's diet? The main reason probably lies in the gradual increase of people's income owing to the quick development of the country's economy. Nowadays people can afford to purchase more expensive and more nutritious food. Another possible reason is that people are paying more attention to the food structure. They realize a better structure of food can help them stay healthy. Therefore, the old habits of eating a lot of grain and vegetables are abandoned by people.
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In conclusion, in the past five years, people's standard of living has been rising significantly and now people are enjoying a much better life than ever before.
二、四级作文九大应试技巧 1．如何遣词
词汇是语言的最小单位，准确恰当的词汇使用是写好一篇英语文章的关键。词汇的使用除了一般学生最担心的词汇量问题之外，还涉及到很多其它方面需要了解的知识，如书面词汇和口语词汇的区分、笼统词汇和具体词汇的区分和使用、同义词近义词的辨别和积累、过渡词的使用、动词短语介词短语的使用等等。 2．如何造句
句子是文章思想表达的基本单位，写好句子是写作的基本功，必须多加练习。句子结构的准确性和句式复杂性、多样性在很大程度上决定了文章的成败优劣。此外，有意识地、有针对性地记背一些常规句型对四级写作水平的提高和在应试中的发挥也相当奏效。 3.如何写段落
段落是文章的组成要件，它本身又是由一组围绕并发展段落主题的意义密切关联的句子所组成的整体。一个段落表达一个完整的主题，若要表达另外的主题必须用另外的段落去表述。
一个相对完整的段落通常由主题句、扩展句和结尾句组成：主题句提出段落主题，扩展句阐述、说明、论证主题句的观点，结尾句提出结论，与主题呼应。其中主题句、结尾句各为一句，有时短的段落不使用结尾句，而扩展句部分一般由两个以上的句子构成。 例如：
The emergence of laid - off workers is the inevitable result of the current economic reform. The purpose of the new market economic system is to bring about the economic development to the largest degree. This requires the labors to contribute their utmost to promote social wealth, and it is quite different from that under the formerly planning economic system, when plenty of people did the work several people could manage, which resulted in the waste of labors and low degree of productivity. It is necessary that a certain number of people be laid off.
本段第一句为主题句，提出段落主题观点，即下岗职工的出现是目前经济改革的必然结果；扩展句部分由两句组成，阐明、解释了这一主题观点；结尾句用一句话重申主题，与主题句相呼应。
4.如何谋篇布局
所谓三段十二句作文法是指一篇四级作文一般由三个段落共十二句话组成，即开头段(2-3句)、中间段(6—8句)和结尾段(2—3句)。其道理有三：
1．根据四级作文120-150的字数要求，按一句话十个词来计算，刚好达到120字的下限。 2．纵观历年四级考试短文写作，根据写作题目和所给提纲要求，四级作文一般由三段构成。三个段落所表述的是同一话题的三个不同侧面，具有相对的性，因此彼此之间的逻辑关系也相对松散。
3．三段中，开头段一般起引导作用，介绍短文的主题思想；中间段落通常为文章主体部分，采用不同方法对主题展开详细讨论，所以要求篇幅相对较长；结尾段呼应主题、概括全文。 三段十二句只是四级作文的大致篇章结构，实际写作中，完全可以根据题目的具体要求、思想表达的需要以及考生自己的语言能力对这一基本框架进行适当的调整，比如段落安排上，有可能需要把中间段一分为二或不需要结尾段；各段句数的安排也可灵活掌握，充分依照思想表达的需要，有话则长，无话则短；语言能力强的考生可以多写一点，相反，基础较差的就要牢记少写少犯错的原则，能达到120字的基本要求就行了。
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5．如何审题
所谓审题，是要求考生根据作文试题所提供的有关包括作文时间、字数、写作范围、内容要求、目的等方面的信息进行仔细推敲反复斟酌从而确定文章的主题、体裁、重点、长短等等，主要是解决“写什么”的问题。审题是写好作文至关重要的第一步，必须慎重对待。如果忽略审题或审题不当，则会造成“文不对题”的结果。根据四级评分原则，这样的文章即使语言很流畅很精彩、内容很充实很丰满也只能得到不超过2分的评分，实在令人可惜。为避免这类“More haste，no speed”(欲速则不达)的结局，考生一定要注意拿出两三分钟来认真审题，以便抓住题目的实质，使作文切中题意。 6.如何构思
在通过审题弄清题目要求之后，需要构思的过程来对如何按照要求形成文章做一个通盘的考虑，包括安排文章的段落层次，提炼段落主题句，选择所需材料，确定写作方法(举例法、列举法、对比法等)和语言形式(正式、非正式)等。
文章的主题、内容一旦确定，脑海中会自然涌现出一些相关素材如实例、数据、生活常识、名人名言等等，这些都非常有用；在此基础之上，还要尽量拓展思路，进一步搜索更多的材料，一并用笔简单地记录下来。之后要进行的就是材料的筛选、编排和组织，以使最恰当的材料得到最合理的使用。 7.如何写提纲
写提纲就是在审题构思后把文章的篇章结构、段落分配、内容安排斗落实到笔头，以保证写正文的时候思路清楚。写提纲的时间建议控制在5分钟左右，所以提纲应简明扼要，不必罗列细节，只须写出关键短语、关键词即可。提纲可用中文，亦可用英文，觉得方便省时就行。 8.检查修改
完成正文写作后，若有剩余时间，考生应充分利用起来对文章进行仔细检查与修改。这个步骤主要从两方面来进行：内容和语言。由于时间关系，应更加侧重于语言方面的检查。 9.时间分配
四级写作考试的时间共30分钟，如何较为合理、科学地安排各个步骤所用时间对考试表现有着直接的影响。考生可根据以下通常采用的时间分配方案，结合个人情况，在平时的写作中有意识地去培养时间观念，找到最适合自己的写作节奏。 审题、构思——3分钟 拟订提纲——5分钟 正文写作——20分钟 检查、修改——2分钟
三 四级作文的结构与模式 1．问题解决型
问题解决型作文通常首先提出一个有待解决的问题，然后要求考生就该问题提出解决方法、途径，有时还要求考生最后谈论适合自己的方法。 结构模式：
第一段：导言。描述现状、形式、困难，提出问题。
第二段：方法。列举说明处理某事的方式或解决某个问题的途径。
第三段：评价、建议或个人选择。针对第二段所阐述的方法给予简要的评论，也可提出个人建议或选择，并简述理由。 属于该模块的四级真题：
1992.6 How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English
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1997.6 Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus 2000.1 How I Finance My College Education 2001.1 How to Succeed in a Job Interview 本题型的写作重点在“how”，即解决办法。 How to Eliminate Fake Diplomas
It is reported that the flooding of fake diplomas is becoming a serious problem recently. When employers lay much emphasis on their candidates' education background, different kinds of fake diplomas appear in society. It is unfair that one fails to get his job just because his rival has produced a fake diploma or certificate. Therefore, fake diplomas do obvious harm to the job market and fair competition between candidates.
Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the following ones may be most effective. First of all, companies and universities should have a close contact so that the fake diplomas cannot play tricks. Besides, the one who fabricates the fake diplomas should be severely punished by law and totally exposed through media. Finally, the one who uses a fake diploma in finding jobs should be disqualified from the job market for at least three months. That may give a lesson to others.
These are not the best and the only three measures we can take, but it should be noted that we should take effective measures to eliminate the fake diploma and do everyone justice. 2原因说明型
说明原因型作文通常先提出某个新的社会现象、变化、问题，要求考生分析该现象或变化产生的根源，并给予评论。该模块包括图表作文。 结构模式：
第一段：导言。描述现象、问题或变化(图表作文中，不要罗列数据，要重视数据变化，将数据经分析归纳后，再作归纳性阐述)。
第二段：原因分析。运用因果法和列举述其中的原因或根源。
第三段：评述或预测。对该现象、问题或变化进行简单的利弊评述或发展预测。 属于该模块的四级真题： ． 1997．6 Changes in People's Diet
1994．1 The World h Getting Smaller and Smaller 2002．6 Student Use of Computers 本题型的写作重点在“Why”，即原因阐述。 范文1
A Boom in Fast Food
While the rhythm of people' s life is speeding up, a lot of changes have taken place in people' s dietary habit. Fast food restaurants such as McDonald's, Kentucky, Timmy' s and the like are mushrooming everywhere and fast food is rapidly gaining its popularity all over the country. There are several reasons why more and more people like to have fast food. Firstly, it can save time. A hamburger-lunch takes us no more than twenty minutes. We can even have it while working. For those salary men, who believe in the saying that time is money, fast food is an ideal choice. Secondly, it is convenient. It is so simple to make that it can be made in wholesale to cater to the needs of more people. Thirdly, it is cheap in terms of price when compared with the food in Chinese restaurants. It is also noted for its high quality food, good sanitary condition and first-rate service.
The boom of fast food industry shows that it is popular, especially with the young
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generation. With fast food, people may have more spare time to reduce the pressure from work and life. It can also free people from the burden of housework. All in all, it suits the tastes of some people.
范文2
The Changes in Chinese Professions
As is shown in the charts, more than half of the Chinese were engaged in agriculture in the 1980' s, about twenty-seven percent were employed in manufacturing, while only one-fifth were working in the service industry. However, only 10 years later, in the 1990's, great changes have occurred in the professional pattern in China, with a great increase in the people involved both in manufacturing and service and a corresponding shrinkage in agricultural population.
These dramatic changes can be explained by the traditional theory about a primitive economy. However, there are various other reasons for these changes. The most likely explanation is that the changes show the effects of more efficient farming and increased urbanization as a result of China's open-door and economic reform policies. Besides, typical of China, a great number of farmers are now working in various small businesses without leaving their homes, which accounts mainly for the increase in manufacturing population. Again the economic policies result in an immense improvement in the Chinese people's living standard, which creates a huge demand for service and thus enables the service industries to flourish and absorbs more and more people into these fields.
These changes signify the great achievements China has made. And they also mark a great leap forward on its way towards becoming a world's economic power.
3利弊分析型
利弊分析型作文通常要求考生就某一事物或社会现象的利与弊进行分析、阐述，最后以个人评论或观点为结论。
一般利弊分析型结构模式：
第一段：导言+优点。简述事物或现象并列举说明其优点。
第二段：缺点。列举说明其弊端(注意以表转折的过渡词引导)。 第三段：简要评论利弊关系或简述个人体会。 属于该模块的四级真题：
1993．1 Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports 本题型的写作重点在“advantages & disadvantages”，即利弊论述。 范文
The Positive and Negative Effects of Computers
It is generally accepted that computers benefit human beings in many ways. But they have also caused many problems. Apparently, computers have both advantages and disadvantages.
Computers are being used more and more widely in the world today for the simplest reason that they 'are far more efficient than human beings. Computers have much better memories and can store huge amounts of information, and they can do calculations in a fraction of the time taken by a human mathematician. In fact, computers can do many of the things we do, but faster and better. They can pay wages, reserve seats on a plane, control machines in factories, work out tomorrow's weather, and even play chess, write poetry, or compose music. Nowadays, it is very convenient and economical to do anything on the Internet, such as sending or receiving e-mail,
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shopping, advertising, making friends, and entertaining. The globe will be like an office or home. This is the unprecedented charm of the computer. In short, computers have been making the whole world much more advanced and civilized than ever before.
However, computers have been creating many problems. Firstly, viruses arise frequently, bringing great troubles to many people. Secondly, some computer \"experts\" make huge amount of money by cheating a computer system, and they are very difficult to catch. What is more, some people transmit pornographic information or pictures on the Internet, which is harmful to young people.
Despite their disadvantages, computers have brought us far more benefits than troubles. 利弊分析型的作文还包括两种变体题型，即只单纯进行好处分析或只单纯进行危害分析。在这两种题型写作中，结构模式有所调整： 优点分析型结构模式： 第一段：导言+优点综述 第二段：优点1
第三段：优点2+结论 属于该模块的四级真题： 1995.6 Advantages of Job Interview 1998.1 harmfulness of Fake Commodities 范文
The Advantages of Planning for Success
Everyone hopes for success in life, but not everyone can succeed, even after years of hard work. So what is the best way to increase our chances of success? Is it to take every risk or chance that comes along and hope for the best? Some people certainly do achieve success this way, but they are rare. As a matter of fact, our chances of succeeding are much greater if we carefully plan for our success.
Planning for success is beneficial to us in several ways. For one thing, by planning we can clearly identify our goals and the steps we must take to achieve them. If we don't know what we want to achieve, we are unlikely to make much progress. Planning also helps us keep our goal in mind and, thus, keep working toward it. Another benefit of careful planning is that we will not miss any opportunities or deadlines due to carelessness or inattention. Finally, by planning for our success, we will be sure to develop the skills and knowledge we need to achieve our goals. Opportunity will do us no good if we lack the ability to take advantage of it when it arrives.
In conclusion, although a certain amount of risk taking can help one to achieve success, it cannot replace the benefits of careful planning. Rather than spend our time looking for shortcuts to success, we should think about our goals carefully and take the proper steps toward achieving them. In that way, we will have the greatest chance of success. 1996.6 Global Shortage of Fresh Water 1998.1 Harmfulness of Fake Commodities 危害分析型结构模式：
第一段：导言。简述某一问题的现状。
第二段：陈述原因或危害。列举问题起因或危害性。 第三段：解决方案。 属于该模块的四级真题： 范文
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Drug Taking
In recent years, drug taking is more and more popular in China. It has spread from the coast to the inland, from cities to the countryside. The victims include' people of all ages and recently drugs have found their way to schools and are carrying away more and more teenagers.
Drug taking has a lot of iii effects on our society. Those who take drugs always drain their precious wealth, ruin their health and finally desert their family. Furthermore, to get money for drugs, some drug addicts often have to resort to stealing and robbing and thus reduce themselves to criminals.
To solve this problem, I think, government at all levels should set up special hospitals to cure drug addicts and impost more severe punishment on drug dealers. They should also do everything to make the public aware of the harmfulness of drugs and drag-taking. Only by a joint effort between the government and the public can this problem be solved efficiently.
4观点对比型
观点对比型作文可以被视为利弊分析型作文的变体，因为这种类型的作文的实质同样是进行利弊分析，不同之处在于它不是
直接陈述利弊，而是借用阐述人们针对某一事物或现象所持的对立观点的形式表述出来的。 结构模式：
第一段：(导言)+观点A。提出问题，阐明甲方观点及理由。 第二段：观点B。阐明乙方观点及理由。 第三段：我的观点
属于该模块的四级真题：
1992.l Is Failure a Bad Thing?
1995.1 Can Money Buy Happiness?
1998.6 DO Lucky Numbers Really Bring Luck? 2000.6 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? 本题型的写作重点在以对比方式展开两种对立观点。 范文
Is Money All Powerful?
Money is considered by some people to be the most important thing in life. They think that the majority of the material things in our daily life have to be bought with money and that if they have money, they can make themselves very comfortable by having a fine house to live in, beautiful clothes to wear and delicious food to eat.
But others don't believe that money can buy everything. Take time and health for example. Many people regret having lost their time, and no matter how much money they pay, they could not make a day longer than 24 hours or call back the lost time. If someone gets some fatal disease, he can use a lot of money to stay in a luxurious hospital, but nothing can bring back his good health. Money, moreover, can be the source of some evils. Some people are greedy for money and in order to get it, they even commit robbery or murder.
Therefore, we should take a correct attitude to money: it is necessary in our life but not all powerful.
5比较选择型
比较选择型作文要求考生就一件事情的两种可供选择的解决方案进行分析比较，并做出
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自己的选择。 结构模式：
第一段：导言+第一种选择。简述两种选择，详述第一种选择的理由或利弊。 第二段：详述第二种选择的理由或利弊
第三段：我的选择。提出个人建议或选择，并简述理由。 属于该模块的四级真题：
1999．6 Reading Selectively Or Extensively? 本题型的写作重点在比较，但也不能忽视最后的选择。 请看范文 范文1
Large Companies or Small Companies
Whether to be a big fish in a smell pond or a small fish in a big pond, many people have to face such a problem. There are marked differences between working in a large enterprise and in a small one. In a large enterprise, you can derive a deep sense of satisfaction and pride from being a member of a well-known organization. And you have the opportunities of learning from the experienced managers and getting acquainted with the standard process of work.
In a small enterprise, you have bigger responsibilities and have a better chance of moving up. You may often make your own decisions
and your decision may bring immediate effect. Normally you are exposed to various experiences and expected to do a great many things without much help or guidance.
Personally I prefer to work in a small enterprise, where my prospect of promotions good as long as I work hard. To tell the truth, I'd rather become a well-known and important \"fish\" within my own small pond. 范文2
Small and Large Groups of Friends
Friends play a very important part in everyone's life. Sometimes we may like to purse different activities with different friends, and sometimes we may like to be with a large group of friends or spend time with just one or two. Each has its advantages.
One advantage of spending time with one or two close friends is that these friends usually know us well. We can communicate with them easily and are unembarrassed to share our feelings. We know that these good friends won't judge us. In addition, we are likely to share many of the same interests and will, therefore, find it easy to talk about many things. Finally, it is much simpler to arrange activities when only two or three people are involved.
Spending time with large groups of friends also has its advantages. First, being with a wider variety of people exposes us to many more new ideas. We may be introduced to new things and develop new interests as a result. Also, we will be more likely to find someone to do things with when we associate with many friends. Last but not the least, being with a large group of people can be a fun and happy thing. There will always be enough people to play any game or make up a team.
As for me, although it can be fun to spend time with a large group of friends, I am more likely to find myself with one or two close friends. It is easier for us to match our schedules and arrange a time to meet. Also, we have a deeper relationship, so I find the time that I spend with them to be very valuable. No matter how we like to spend time with friends, there is no denying that friends are very important to us.
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6哲理论证型
哲理论证型作文要求考生针对反映生活哲理的某个成语、格言、谚语、警句等做出解释，并论证其寓意的正确性。 结构模式：
第一段：谚语+通俗解释。
第二段：论证。用举例法或反证述其意义。 第三段：结论。再次强调主题。 属于该板块的四级真题：
1997．1 Practice Makes Perfect
本题型的写作重点在解释和举例论证。 范文
No Pains, No Gains
Rome was not built in a day. So is the success of any man. Most of us are envious of famous and successful men. Especially when we witness that some familiar friends or neighbors become popular, we can hardly express our feelings reasonably. In our misconception, we have concluded that these people are somewhat gifted or that they are just lucky.
For a long time, this misconception has taken root in our stubborn minds, and we refuse to believe that most great men have a mind like most of us, perhaps even simpler and duller. Yet their ambitions are stronger and greater. It is this strong motive that drives them to fight all the difficulties, undergo all the sufferings until they have reached their destination.
We all wish for a bright future and hope to become respectable men. Yet without hard, persistent trying, one can hardly fulfill his ambition. Remember, no pains, no gains. 范文2
Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way
People believe in the proverb\" Where there is a will, there is a way\" owing to the moral it teaches: one will never succeed all his life without a firm will to the final victory.
A firm resolution is one of the most important things to success. A great man is always the one who has firm resolution and an inflexible spirit. And great tasks are often accomplished by men of strong will. Take Dr. Sun Yatsen for example. As the founder of the Republic of China, he set the Chinese people free from the feudal system rule through a long period of hard struggle. At first, many of his attempts failed and many of his followers were killed, but he had an inflexible spirit and stuck to his cause. Finally, he made the revolution of 1911 a success.
A student who has no resolution will never succeed in his studies. The same is also true of men in all walks of life. We must have a firm resolution first, if we wish to succeed. We must always remember the old saying that where there is a will, there is a way.
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