一、语态概述
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和主动语态.
主动语态暗示主语是举措的执行者.如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的举措是由主语many people来执行的. 主动语态暗示主语是举措的接受者，即行为举措的对象.所谓“主动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了.”，再如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的接受者.
判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是主动？
He opened the door.他开了门. （____________） The door was opened.门被开了. （____________） 二、主动语态的构成:
主动特点强调宾，用be加上过去分.行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引.
1. English is ___________（speak）in Canada. 2. The blouse is ___________（make）of silk. 3. English is ___________（speak）by many people.
谁做的举措不知道，说出谁做的没需要.举措接受者需强
调，用主动语态莫忘了.
1. Some stamps were ___________（steal）last week. 2. The PRC was ___________（found）on October 1, 1949. 3. Football is ___________（play）in most middle schools. 主动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成.人称、数和时态的变动是通过be的变动暗示出来的.凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的主动语态. 三．几种经常使用时态的主动语态—— 1.一般现在时： am/is/are+过去分词
肯定句：Bikes are ___________（sell）in that shop. 否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop.
疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
2.一般过去时： was/were+过去分词
肯定句：He was ___________（save）in 1999. 否定句：He was not saved in 1999.
疑问句：Was he saved in 1999? Yes, he was. / No,he wasn't. 3.一般将来时： shall/will/be going to + be+过去分词
肯定句：An English class will be ___________（give）by Jack tomorrow.
否定句：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow. 疑问句：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow? 4.现在进行时：am/is/are + being+过去分词
肯定句：A car is being ___________（drive）now. 否定句：A car is not being driven now.
疑问句：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. 5.现在完成时：have / has+ been+过去分词
肯定句：A road has been ___________（build）by the government.
否定句：A road hasn't been built by the government.
疑问句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn't.
1）This clock can be ___________（repair）here.
2）The trees may be ___________（plant）at other times of the year.
3）The composition must be ___________（hand）in after class.
4）The young trees should be ___________（plant）in spring. 四、主动语态的用法
（1）不知道或没有需要说明举措的执行者是谁.例如： Some new computers were ___________（steal）last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了.（不知道电脑是谁偷的）
This book was ___________（publish）in 1981. 这本书出书于1981年.
（2）强调举措的接受者，而不强调举措的执行者.例如：
The window was ___________（break）by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的.
This book was ___________（write）by him. 这本书是他写的. Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必需获得保证.
五、主动语态变主动语态的方法
（1）把主动语态的宾语酿成主动语态的主语. （2）把谓语酿成主动结构（be＋过去分词）
（根据主动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）.
（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格.例如：
1.All the people ___________（laugh）at him. → He was ___________（laugh）at by all people. 2.They ___________（make）the bikes in the factory.
→ The bikes are ___________（make）by them in the factory. 六、弥补
一些宾补动词如make, see, hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形（实为省略to的动词不定式）作为宾语补足语的动词在变主动语态是一定要注意恢复to.如：
He made me stand outside. → I was made to stand outside（by him）.
I saw him play football. → He was seen to play football（by him）.
专项练习
一、选择题
( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build
( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened
（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives (
)5.How
many
trees
____
this
year?
A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted
( )6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will
be
done
( )7.The Great Wall ____ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known (
)8.
The
children
____
by
the
nurse.
A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked
( )9. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____ to them. A. gave, didn't listen B. was given, wasn't listened C. give, wasn't listened D. was given, didn't listen (
)
10.
The
question
____
by
us
soon.
A. is going to discuss B. will discuss C. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed (
)11.
The
lab
____
about
five
years
ago.
A. was built B. was built C. builds D. has been built ( )12. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his hometown in the last three
years.
A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up
( )13. They ____ printing 500 copies by the end of last month. A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished
( )14. Rice ___ also _____ in their hometown. A. is…grown B. is…grew C. was…grew D. was…grown (
)15.
He
____
by
the
teachers.
A. is always praised B. praises C. have been praised D. always is praised (
)16.
The
picture______
in
October,
1996.
A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken
( )17. We can't use the bridge now, because it______ . A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired
( )18. I ______the way to the railway station by a policeman. A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing (
)19.
The
war______
in
1941.
A. broke out B. had been broken out C. was broken out D. had broken out
( )20. When water______ , it will be changed into vapour. A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats
( )21. We can't enter the room because its door______ . A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking (
)22.
They
______day
and
night.
A. are made work B. are made to work
C. made to be worked D. are making to work
( )23. Man-made satellites ______into space by many countries.
A. was sent up B. is sent up C. have been sent up D. has been sent up
( )24. This English song _____ often _____ by the children. A.is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung ( )25.The windows of our house _____once a week.
A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned
( )26. When ______ the People's Republic of China_____ ? A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found
( )27. Mary's radio ______ by my brother just now. A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D.
mended
( )28. Some trees may ______ at other times of the year. A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted
( )29. A new English play _____ there next week. A. will put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will
be
putted
on
( )30. A strange thing _____ in our school yesterday. A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going
to
happen
( )31. The glass ______ . It _____ by little Tom this morning. A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was broken C. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空.(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)
1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．
2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now．
3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？
4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．
5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．
6. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop. 7
What
_______
knives
______
(make)
of
?
8. They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 9. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library? 10. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day. 11. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime. 12. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city? 13. The food _____________ (smell) delicious. 14. Look! Someone __________(dance). 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词. 1.Tea grows in South China.（改为主动语态） ___________________________________________.
2. The
children will sing an English song. (改为主动语态)
An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children. 3. You needn't do it now. (改为主动语态)
It
______
________
________
by
you
now.
4. People use metal for making machines. (改为主动语态) Metal ________ _________ _______making machines.
5. He made me do that for him. (改为主动语态) I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him. 6.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为主动语态) The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out.
7.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为主动语态) The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us. 四．把下列句子改为主动语态 1.Parents take care of their kids.
_____________________________________________________________________ 2.People plant trees every day.
_____________________________________________________________________ 3. He ate bread yesterday.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. China makes many watches.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. The wind blew down the big tree last night.
___________________________________________________
__________________ 6.I do my homework every day.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. He doesn’t throw the bad food.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Mother was not mending the trousers.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. They will not take him to Beijing.
_____________________________________________________________________
10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.
_____________________________________________________________________
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