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人教版初一上册英语语法

来源:爱够旅游网


M1. 动词be 说明身份、年龄、状态等

一、动词be(am, is, are):说明身份、年龄、状态等。

例:I am a teacher. 我是一名老师。

I am 21 years old. 我21岁了。

I am very healthy. 我很健康。

二、be动词的人称变化:

第一人称I-----am

第一人称复数we,第二人称you,第三人称复数they-----are

第二人称he/she/it-----is

三、在一般疑问句中:be 动词提前

例:Are you the student from Class Two? ----Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.

Is he from Class Two? ---- Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.

Are they from Class Two? ---- Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

四、在否定句中:be+not

例:I am not from Class Two.

He is not (isn’t) from Class Two.

They are not (aren’t) from Class Two.

五、动词be的具体使用:

1、be+形容词

例:I’m very tired

2、be+名词

例:She is a student.

3、be+介词短语

例:She is at home now.

4、be+副词

例:Class is over.

M2. this, these, that, those的用法

一、 this,that用法 :

1. this和that是指示代词

2.距离说话人近的人或物用this(这), 距离说话人远的人或物用that(那)

例: This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)

That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)

3. 放在一起的两样东西,先说this, 后说that。

例:This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。

4. 向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。

例:This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆

5. 在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。

例: ①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗? —Yes, it is. 是的,它是。

②—What’s that? 那是什么? —It’s a kite. 是只风筝。

二、these和those用法

1. these和those是指示代词

2. these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。

例:①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。

②These pictures are good. 那些画很好。

③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?----Yes, they are. 是的,他们是。

M3.there be句型的用法

1.there be:表示某地有某物

例:There is a book on the desk.

There are some books on the desk.

2.否定形式:be + not

例:There is not (isn’t) a book on the desk.

There are not (aren’t) any books on the desk.

3.一般疑问句:be提前

例:Is there a book on the desk? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.

Are there any books on the desk? Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.

4.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句

例:How many desks are there?

M4.have got的用法

1.have got: 表示某人有某物。

例:I / You/ They have got a cat.我/你/他们有一只猫。

He / She has got some food. 他/她/有一些食物。

2.否定形式:have / has + not

例:I /You/ They have not (haven’t) got some books.

He/She has not (hasn’t) got any food.

3.一般疑问句:have / has 提前

例:Have you / they got any food? Yes, I/ they have. / No, I/ they haven’t.

Has he / she got any food? Yes, she/ he has. / No, she / he hasn’t.

4.特殊疑问句:疑问词+have / has

例:What have you / they got?

What has she / he got?

注意:当have表示“有”时:

否定:don’t / doesn’t + have 例:He doesn’t have a big dog.

一般疑问句:do/does提前 例:----Does she have a big dog?

-----Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.

M5. some, any的用法

some 用于肯定句中,any 用于疑问和否定句中。

例:There is some milk in the cup. 杯子里有一些牛奶。

We haven't got any English classmates. 我们没有任何英国同学。

Have you got any brothers? 你有兄弟吗?

M 6,7,8行为动词的一般现在时

一、一般现在时:①表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。

②表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。

二、常用的频度副词:often 经常,usually通常,always 总是,seldom 很少,sometimes 有时。

注:频度副词一般放在行为动词的前面,助动词的后面

例:I often get up at ten to seven.

三、结构:主语+动词原型(只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”,其他用动词的原形)

四、句型:

1.陈述肯定句:主语+动词原型

例:I / You/ They go to school every day.

She/ He/ It has two ears.

She is Chinese.

2. 否定句:① 有be动词/ 情态动词:be/情态动词+not

②没有be动词/ 情态动词:do not/ does not +动词原型

例:He is not (isn’t) from China.

He does not (doesn’t) come from China.

I can not (can’t) swim.

3.一般疑问句:①有be动词/ 情态动词:be动词/ 情态动词提前

②没有be动词/ 情态动词: do/does提前,动词变为原型

例:Is he from China?

Does he come from China?

Can you swim?

4.特殊疑问句:①有be动词/ 情态动词:特殊疑问词+be动词/ 情态动词

②没有be动词/ 情态动词:特殊疑问词+do/does

例:When does he go to school?

Where are you from?

五、动词变化:

1.直接在动词词尾加-s.

ask---asks work---works get---gets stay---stays

2以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es.

watch---watches wish---wishes fix---fixes do---does

go---goes pass---passes

3以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es.

try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies

4.不规则变化:

be---- is,are have----has

M9,10行为动词的现在进行时

一、现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作。

二、 结构:主语+be(am,is,are)+动词ing

例:He is playing football.

三、 句型:

1.肯定句:主语+be+动词ing

例:I am reading a book now.

He is reading a book bow.

We are playing games.

2.否定句:主语+be+not+动词ing

例:I am not reading a book.

She is not (isn’t) watching TV.

They are not (aren’t) writing.

3.一般疑问句:be提前

例:Are you eating? ----Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.

Is he studying? ----Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.

4.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句

例:What are you doing?

What is he doing?

Who is singing?

四、 动词变化:

1.一般情况下直接加ing:

think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying

speak---speaking say---saying

2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ing

wake---waking make---making come---coming

take---taking leave---leaving have---having

dance----dancing ride----riding write---writing

3. 以重读闭音节结尾,呈现辅,元,辅结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing

stop---stopping sit---sitting run---running

4.以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y,再加ing

lie---lying

五、没有进行时的动词:

1.表示感觉的感官动词:feel, hear, smell, see

2.表示思想状态的:believe, forget, know, remember

3.表示喜怒憎恶,人物内心感觉,态度情感等描述性动词:like, hate, love, prefer

4.表示要求,愿望:hope, want, wish, wonder

5.表示所属关系或存在状态动词:belong to, have appear, fit, matter, seem

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