2019届高考英语二轮复习精编优选练(十九)阅读理解提升练_词句猜测题1

(限时：25分钟)

A

For many animals in the ocean, crabs (螃蟹) are food. How can they stay off the dinner menu?

One type of crab, known as the decorator crab, has found a clever solution. It “decorates” itself. Decorator crabs use seaweed or sea sponges to protect themselves from natural enemies. More than 100 types of decorator crabs are found worldwide. One type, commonly called the longnose spider crab, takes decorating to a whole new level.

“My original thought was that they might just try to look like a piece of seaweed to blend into (融入) the background，” says Dr.Jay Stachowicz, from the University of California. But he soon noticed something odd.

The ocean floor was covered in seaweed, but these crabs wouldn' t use just any kind they found. “They were very, very picky，”says Dr. Stachowicz.“They were picking things that were fairly uncommon.”

Dr. Stachowicz noticed that longnose spider crabs would pick up a piece of seaweed and attach it to their back. Sometimes they would just eat it. These crabs were choosing to decorate themselves with seaweed that has a peppery­tasting chemical in it. Most fish find this chemical unappetizing.

Picking the right decorating material is important to the longnose spider crabs' chances of survival. “If the crabs just decorated themselves to look like the background, they would be giving their natural enemies a little side salad with the main course，” says Dr. Stachowicz. But by carefully choosing the peppery seaweed, these decorator crabs can make their natural enemies stay away from them.

Once a longnose spider crab has put together a good suit of “seaweed armor (盔甲)” to protect itself, it is set for a while. “When a crab leaves its old shell naturally, it has to redecorate. It often uses seaweed from its old shell to decorate the new one. What a smart animal it is！”says Dr.Stachowicz.

[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种属于装饰蟹的蜘蛛蟹，它们把伪装自己的本领发展到了一个新的境界——它们通过食用一种让其捕食者没有食欲的海草或用这些海草装扮自己的蟹壳来躲避危险。

1．What does the underlined word “odd” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Dangerous.

B．Ridiculous.

C．Undisturbed. D．Unexpected.

解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的第三段中的“‘My original thought was that they might just try to look like a piece of seaweed to blend into the background’”及第四段中的“these crabs wouldn't use just any kind they found.‘They were very, very picky，’says Dr. Stachowicz.‘They were picking things that were fairly uncommon.’”可知，Stachowicz博士一开始认为这种蜘蛛蟹会把自己装扮得跟周围的环境一样来躲避捕食者，但后来他发现它们会挑选特定的海草来伪装自己。它们如此地挑剔，这是他“意想不到的”。

答案：D

2．What's the longnose spider crab's survival secret? A．Don't move. B．Don't be alone. C．Don't look tasty. D．Don't approach seaweed.

解析：推理判断题。文章第五、六段讲长鼻蜘蛛蟹的求生技巧。根据第五段中的“These crabs were choosing to decorate themselves with seaweed that has a peppery­tasting chemical in it. Most fish find this chemical unappetizing.”及第六段中的“But by carefully choosing the peppery seaweed, these decorator crabs can make their natural enemies stay away from them.”可知，长鼻蜘蛛蟹会特意选择一种有胡椒味的海草，这种味道让它的捕食者们望而却步，所以长鼻蜘蛛蟹的生存技巧就是不要让自己看起来那么美味。A、B项文中未提及，而D项描述与原文不符，长鼻蜘蛛蟹就是要靠海草伪装自己。

答案：C

3．What did Dr. Stachowicz find out about longnose spider crabs? A．They fight with fish over food. B．They recycle their decorations. C．They are sensitive to their enemies. D．They are choosy about the environment.

解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“When a crab leaves its old shell naturally，it has to redecorate.It often uses seaweed from its old shell to decorate the new one.”可知，当蜘蛛蟹蜕壳的时候，它也需要更换它的伪装物，而它通常会把旧壳上的海草拿下来放到新壳上以再次利用。

答案：B

4．What may be the best title for the text?

A．Dangers to Crabs C．Precious Decorations

B．A Crab's Clever Suit D．Survival of the Fittest

解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段中的“One type of crab，known as the decorator crab, has found a clever solution.”和“One type, commonly called the longnose spider crab, takes decorating to a whole new level.”以及文中对长鼻蜘蛛蟹用海草伪装自己的描述可知，本文主要讲述了一种会对自己进行聪明伪装的螃蟹，故B项最适合作标题。

答案：B

B

With the average American going through more than 700 pounds of paper per year, many firms are looking for ways to discourage their employees from over­using the office printer.

Toshiba America Business Solutions has come up with an alternative idea.It has introduced the e­STUDIO4508LP, a printer that gives users the option to print with erasable toner (墨粉) — allowing a single piece of paper to be reused several times.

To reuse a piece of paper, the printer basically uses the same process as a normal printer, but in reverse (反过来), said Bill Melo, chief marketing executive for Toshiba America Business Solutions. Paper printed with the erasable toner is fed back into the printer, superheated, and the toner gets removed and put in a discard (丢弃) tank.

There are a couple of catches. All of the printouts using the erasable toner have to be in blue ink, which is the only color in which erasable toner is now available.And the company said that people may want to stop reusing the printouts after five times through the eraser because small traces of erased text will build up over time.

The $15,420 printer is aimed at offices and schools, where there are often large numbers of printouts that outlive their usefulness quickly. With the erasable toner, it's possible to load any short­lived handouts back onto the printer to be erased and then reused.

Still, convincing customers to commit to erasable toner isn't always easy. Melo said not all its customers were happy about only having the erasable option.

The model, Melo said, should better serve the needs of those who want to be environmentally conscious but also may need something more permanent on occasion.

[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。你听说过可重复擦写的环保打印机吗？该项技术通过

打印机内的高温加热可使文字和图案褪色，从而将打印纸变成可重复利用的新纸张。

5．What's special about Toshiba's printer? A．It's low­priced. C．It's lightweight.

B．It's fashionable. D．It's eco­friendly.

解析：推理判断题。该题问的是Toshiba公司的打印机有什么特别之处。那么我们直接定位到第二段中对该打印机的描述a printer that gives users the option to print with erasable toner — allowing a single piece of paper to be reused several times。由此可知，这款打印机可以让用户反复使用纸张。因此，该打印机不同于其他同类产品的特点是环保。

答案：D

6．What's the key to making the printer work? A．A discard tank. B．Light colored ink. C．Special writing paper. D．A high enough temperature.

解析：细节理解题。第三段介绍打印机的具体工作原理。根据该段的描述可知，该打印机重复使用纸张的流程为：打印过的纸张 →放入打印机→进行过热→原有的打印油墨被消除并进入丢弃箱。由此不难看出，在打印机的使用过程中最关键的是要消除原有的打印油墨，那么这个过程主要是靠“过热”这个环节来实现。

答案：D

7．What does the underlined word “catches” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Theories. C．Differences.

B．Problems. D．Characteristics.

解析：词义猜测题。根据该段中的“have to be in blue ink”，“stop reusing the printouts after five times”以及“small traces of erased text will build up over time”可知，这些是列举的问题。

答案：B

8．How did the public respond to the printer? A．They asked for more patterns. B．Some expressed dissatisfaction. C．Some worried about its recycling. D．They considered it hard to operate.

解析：推理判断题。文章最后两段是公众对该款打印机的反应以及该公司首席销售主管的回应。由倒数第二段中的“not all its customers were happy about only having the

erasable option”可知，有人对此款打印机提出了不满。

答案：B

C

You dash through a crowded railway station, tripping over bags, spilling (泼出) your coffee, only to have the doors slide shut in your face, leaving you breathless on the platform as the train pulls away.

But at least, if you're in France，someone may be playing the piano for you. But it won't be performed by a paid musician, or even a street entertainer playing for coins. It will just be a random passer­by, jamming for the fun of it on one of the pianos that the national railroad company, S．N.C.F., has fixed in nearly 100 stations across France. They are free for anyone to play, and travelers from all walks of life have taken to doing just that.

Gares & Connexions, the S．N.C.F. division that manages its stations, rents the instruments from the producer, Yamaha, which maintains (维修) them and tunes them every month or two. The first one was set up in the Gare Montparnasse in Paris in 2012.

The music, mixed with the sounds of shouting passengers, screaming trains and rolling suitcases, gives French stations a special soundscape. The amateur musicians have included Irish soccer fans and even babies. In 2014, Gares & Connexions and Yamaha organized a nationwide contest called Your Turn to Play, asking participants to submit videos of themselves using one of the pianos. It drew nearly 900 entries.

Isn't the railroad company taking a big chance? Apparently not.“None of the instruments has been vandalized to this day, or even merely damaged，” said Claire Fournon, a spokeswoman for Gares & Connexions. “They are shared and respected by all.”

So if you miss a train in Paris, Bordeaux or Marseille one day, perhaps someone will be playing a favorite piece that will ease your pain. Or perhaps you'll sit down and play your annoyance away yourself.

[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。在法国的许多火车站都安装了钢琴供来往的人们弹奏。如果你错过火车，不妨停下来听一首钢琴曲。

9．Why did Gares & Connexions fix pianos in railway stations? A．To advertise Yamaha's products. B．To make stations more attractive. C．To let travelers have a relaxing trip.

D．To listen to music once in a while.

解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“someone may be playing the piano for you”和“It will just be a random passer­by, jamming for the fun of it on one of the pianos”以及“They are free for anyone to play”可知，法国国家铁路公司在火车站放置钢琴，意在让过往的人们弹奏娱乐。

答案：C

10．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A．The contest has proved a hit. B．The pianos are very popular. C．Railway stations are crowded. D．Everyone can be an amateur musician.

解析：段落大意题。由第四段中的“gives French stations a special soundscape”和“The amateur musicians have included Irish soccer fans and even babies.”以及“It drew nearly 900 entries.”可知，很多过往的人们来弹钢琴，而且2014年举办的全国性比赛“Your Turn to Play”要求人们上传自己弹这些钢琴的视频，有将近900个作品参赛，所有这一切都说明火车站的这些钢琴很受人们欢迎。

答案：B

11．What does the underlined word “vandalized”in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Selected carefully. C．Reserved in advance.

B．Checked regularly. D．Destroyed on purpose.

解析：词义猜测题。由本段中的“They are shared and respected by all.”可知，这些钢琴被人们分享，受人们尊重；由or可知，have been vandalized与even merely damaged为并列关系，由此推断，该词的意思比merely damaged的破坏程度更为严重，故选“Destroyed on purpose”。

答案：D

12．What would be the best title for the text? A．Miss A Train Yet Catch A Tune B．A Soundscape in the Memory C．The Role of Piano in French Life D．An Amazing Train with A Piano Bar

解析： 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了在法国的许多火车站都安装了钢琴让来往的人们弹奏。如果你错过火车，不妨停下来听一首钢琴曲。故A项最适合作文章标题。

答案：A