英语词汇学自考题模拟21_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

英语词汇学自考题模拟21 (总分100, 做题时间90分钟) Ⅰ.

Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that **pletes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. 1.

\"I\"m certain that she **e tomorrow.\"

There are ______ content words in the above sentence. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A 2 B 3 C 4

D 5

分值: 1 答案:B

[解析] 实词是短语或句子中意义比较具体、明确的词。英语中的实词主要是表示事物、行为、性状、程度和范围的名词、动词、形容词、副词和数词。据此，我们可以判断出这个句子中的实词是“am”，“certain”，“come”。 2.

Which of the following is NOT a new word brought about by growth of science and technology? SSS_SINGLE_SEL A Earthrise. B Chemistry. C Astrobiology.

D Megavitamin. 分值: 1 答案:D

[解析] 题目中的四个词都是新词，但是D项“megavitamin”不是在科技发展的直接影响下产生的新词。 3.

There are ______ morphemes in the word denaturalization. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5

分值: 1

答案:D

[解析] 题目中“denaturalization”一词是由“de-”，“nature”，“-al”，“-ize”和“-ation”这五个词素构成的。 4.

\"Drunk\" (noun) is a word formed by ______. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A prefixation B compounding C conversion

D blending 分值: 1 答案:C

[解析] 题目中“drunk”一词是由形容词转化而成的转类名词，意思是“醉汉，醉酒者”。因此，C为正确答案。 5.

The word \"N-bomb\" is a(n) ______. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A initialism B acronym C derivative

D compound 分值: 1 答案:B

[解析] 首字母拼音词中有一些词是由第一个词的第一个字母和第二个词的完整形式加在一起构成的。故选B。 6.

The prefix \"fore-\" in the word \"forehead\" is a ______ prefix. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A negative B reversafive C pejorative

D locative 分值: 1 答案:D 7.

Words are arbitrary symbols with ______ relation to one another. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A linguistic B semantic

C grammatical

D pragmatic 分值: 1 答案:B 8.

In the sentence \"Nails are thin growths at the end of the fingers. \" the word \"growths\" is an example of transfer ______. A from abstract meaning to concrete meaning B from concrete meaning to abstract meaning C of subjective sense

D of objective sense 分值: 1 答案:A

[解析] 名词“growth”的意思是“生长，成长”，但是在本题的句子中它的意思是“生长物”，所以，该词经历了从抽象意义到具体意义的语义转移。 9.

\"Wide of the mark\" is an idiom ______ in nature. SSS_SINGLE_SELSSS_SINGLE_SEL A adjectival B verbal C adverbial

D nominal 分值: 1 答案:A

[解析] 习语“wide of the mark”的意思是“离题”。这是个具有形容词性质的习语。例如：What the teacher talked about was wide of the mark.老师讲的话离题了。 10.

The idiom \"in the cradle\" is (a) ______ as far as figures of speech are concerned. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A synecdoche B metonymy C personification D metaphor 分值: 1 答案:B

[解析] 换喻(metonymy)指以一种事物的名称来指代另外一种与之相关的事物。习语“in the cradle”的意思是“在幼年时期，在最初的时候”。这里是用“cradle(摇篮)”来指代幼年时期或者某一事物发展的最初阶段。 11.

Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes. E. g. , \"dog\" can form new words with other morphemes: \"dogfight\\"dogsleep\". This demonstrates that one of the characteristics of the words of the basic stock is ______. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A productivity B polysemy C stability

D collocability 分值: 1 答案:A

[解析] 英语中的基本词汇可以单独使用，也可以和其他的词根或词缀一起构成新词，这一点体现出了基本词汇的五个特征中的能产性，即“productivity”。 12.

In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient ______ and Roman classics. This was known in history as the Renaissance. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A India B German C Greek D Chinese 分值: 1 答案:C 13.

There is/are ______ mono-morphemic word(s) in the following words: bad, cow, geese, watches. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

分值: 1 答案:B

[解析] 题目中的四个词中“geese”是“goose”的复数形式，它是通过改变内部元音的方式来体现复数概念的词素变体的一种特殊形式，不属于单词素词，另外“watches”也是多词素词。 14.

The plural morpheme \"-s\" is pronounced as/s/in the following words EXCEPT ______. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A marks B drags C shops

D sheets 分值: 1 答案:B 15.

In English there are ______ types of motivation as far as the relationship between the sign and meaning is concerned. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A 2 B 6 C 4

D 5

分值: 1 答案:C

[解析] 在处理语言符号和意思的关系方面，英语中有四种理据，它们是：拟声理据、形态理据、语义理据和词源理据。 16.

What is applicable to ______ of some antonyms may not be applicable to their relative terms. A connotative terms B collocative terms C contradictory terms

D negative terms 分值: 1 答案:C

[解析] 有些关系反义词和矛盾反义词很相似，但它们实质不同。矛盾反义词的最大特点就是，如果肯定一方就否定了另一方，而在关系义词中这种“非此即彼”的模式行不通。例如：If an adult is not a husband, this person must be a wife. 一个成年人如果不是丈夫，那一定是妻子。显然，这种逻辑是不合情理的。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL

17.

The main functions of verbal context include ______. A elimination of ambiguity B indication of referents

C provision of clues for inferring word-meaning

D all the above 分值: 1 答案:D 18.

Which of the following about extra-linguistic context is true? A It can be subdivided into extra-linguistic context and non-linguistic context.

B It only refers to the physical situation or environment relating to the use of words.

C It embraces the people, time, size and place.

D It may extend to embrace the entire cultural background. 分值: 1 答案:D 19.

The change of idiom from \"fortune\"s wheel\" to \"the wheel of fortune\" is ______. SSS_SINGLE_SELSSS_SINGLE_SELSSS_SINGLE_SEL A replacement B position-shifting C addition

D shortening 分值: 1 答案:B 20.

As most words are ______, the senses of words are arranged in different ways in dictionaries. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A mono-morphemic B polysemantic C analytic

D none of the above 分值: 1

答案:B 21.

Which of the following dictionaries is a specialized dictionary? A The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. B Webster\"s Third New International Dictionary. C Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.

D The Concise Oxford Dictionary, Ninth Edition. 分值: 1 答案:A

[解析] 《韦氏新国际英语词典》( Webster\"s Third New International Dictionary )是一部大型词典，即未节略词典( unabridged dictionary )；《朗文当代英文词典》( Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English )是一部案头词典，即中型词典；《简明牛津词典》第九版( The Concise Oxford Dictionary , Ninth Edition)也是一部中型词典。 22.

Which of the following does not belong to associative meaning? A Connotative meaning. B Stylistic meaning. C Affective meaning. D Primary meaning. 分值: 1 答案:D 23.

The following are content words EXCEPT ______. SSS_SINGLE_SELSSS_SINGLE_SELSSS_SINGLE_SEL A verbs B nouns C articles

D adjectives 分值: 1 答案:C 24.

Which of the following is not one type of idioms? SSS_SINGLE_SEL A Sentence idioms. B Idioms nominal in nature. C Idioms adverbial in nature.

D Clausal idioms. 分值: 1 答案:D

[解析] 习语可以是句子，也可以是具有名词、形容词或者副词作用的短语。没有D项“clausal idioms”类型的习语。 25.

The words \"angelhe influence of ______. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A Norman conquest B Christianity C Chinese language

D other European languages 分值: 1 答案:B 26.

For beginners and lower-intermediate learners, a ______ dictionary is essential as they do not know enough of the target language. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A mono-lingual B bilingual C unabridged

D specialized 分值: 1 答案:B

[解析] 对于初级和中级学习者而言，双语词典是个较为合适的选择，因为他们对目标语掌握得还不够多，不足以全面理解大型的和较为专业的词典。 27.

Phonetic manipulation includes two aspects which go as follows: (1) alliteration (2) rhyme

(3) reiteration (4) juxtaposition SSS_SINGLE_SEL A (1)and(2) B (1),(2),(3)and(4) C (3)and(4) D (1),(2)and(3) 分值: 1 答案:A

28.

The following can cause ambiguity EXCEPT ______. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A polysemy B homonymy

C grammatical structure

D variations of idioms 分值: 1 答案:D 29.

The word \"disease\" which originally meant \"discomfort\" but now denotes \"illness\" has undergone ______. SSS_SINGLE_SEL A narrowing B elevation C degradation

D expansion 分值: 1 答案:A

[解析] 题目中“disease”一词原意是“不 适，不舒服”，现在的意思是“疾病”，在语义范围 上有所缩小。 30.

______ are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes. A Contradictory terms B Relative terms C Contrary terms

D None of the above 分值: 1 答案:C Ⅱ.

Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. 1.

Degradation or ______ of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. SSS_FILLSSS_SINGLE_SEL

分值: 1.5 pejoration 2.

In Middle English period, ______ was an influential language until the 13th century when English came back. SSS_FILL 分值: 1.5 French 3.

______ of the total number of new words in English vocabulary were produced through affixation. SSS_FILL 分值: 1.5 30%-40% 4.

The method of creating words by removing the ______ is called back-formation. SSS_FILL 分值: 1.5 supposed suffixes 5.

Motivation deals with the connection between the linguistic symbols and ______. SSS_FILL 分值: 1.5 its meaning 6.

When a common word is turned into a proper noun, its meaning is ______. SSS_FILL 分值: 1.5 narrowed 7.

In a narrow sense, ______ refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears. SSS_FILL 分值: 1.5 linguistic context 8.

The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over one ______ words. SSS_FILL 分值: 1.5 million 9.

In the process of ______, each of the later meaning is only relative to the preceding one like chains. SSS_FILL 分值: 1.5 concatenation 10.

Usually, people use \"tremble with fear\can be an example of______. SSS_FILL 分值: 1.5 collocative meaning Ⅲ.

Define the following terms. 1. argot SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 分值: 3 Argot generally refers to the jargon of criminals. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups，and outsiders can hardly understand it. 2.

context clues

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 分值: 3 Context clues are the hints the author manages to give to help

readers grasp the concept or understand the idea of some new words. 3.

pormanteau words SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 分值: 3 Pormanteau words, also called blends. are the words formed by means of blending． 4.

pejoration of meaning SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 分值: 3 Pejoration or degradation of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation, a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective **e to be used in derogatory sense. 5.

synthetic language SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 分值: 3 Synthetic language is one language that shows the relation of words in a sentence largely by means of inflections． Ⅳ.

Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. 1.

Please illustrate the differences between relative terms and contradictory terms with examples. SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 分值: 5 Some of the relative terms look similar to contradictory terms, yet they are not the same. There is an absolute opposition between contradictory terms.

In the case of relative terms, the opposition is only relational. What is applicable to contradictory terms may not he applicable to relative terms. Take the pair of words \"husband\" and \"wife\" for

example, if an adult is not a husband, the adult must be a wife or if the person is not a parent, the person must be a child. Neither of the two examples holds water. 2.

47 What is the difference between superordinates and subordinates? SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 分值: 5 Superordinates are words denoting genus, thus being general, and subordinates are words denoting species, thus being specific. Superordinates are cover terms which include the concept of

subordinates whereas the subordinates are specific and their meanings are included in the sense of superordinares. 3.

sun-u→sun-e→son

Above is the change of \"son\" from Old English through Middle English to Modern English.

What can you conclude from the viewpoint of the development of English vocabulary? SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 分值: 5 From the example of the change of \"son\Modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few

exceptions. It can be said that English has evolved from a synthetic language (Old English) to Middle English which had fewer inflections to the present analytic language. 4.

Please illustrate the differences between American dictionaries and British dictionaries with examples. SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 分值: 5 There is a general difference between American dictionaries and

British dictionaries. American dictionaries contain more encyclopedic information in the main body than British dictionaries, for example, the names of people, places of historical interest and the like, whereas the British dictionaries, especially learner\"s dictionaries, include more grammatical information. Generally speaking, one can find British usages in an American dictionary.

As for American usages, users are advised to consult American dictionaries because chances that such words are excluded from a general British one.

Ⅴ.

Analyze **ment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. 1.

She is very skinny and beautiful.

Are all the words in the sentence used appropriately? If not, why? Then improve it. SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 分值: 10 (1) \"Skinny\" is not proper and is pejorative.

(2) In this sentence, praise is expressed, thus \"skinny\" is not proper.

(3) \"Skinny\" should be replaced by \"slim\" or \"slender\".

This sentence should be: She is Very slim/slender and beautiful. 2.

Analyze **ment on the meanings of the following sentences and then find out the right antonyms for each \"dull\" respectively. [A] The story in this book is dull.

[B] He became dull and silent when the class began. [C] I\"m tired of such dull weather! SSS_TEXT_QUSTI 分值: 10 In sentence A, the word \"dull\" means \"boring\".

The sentence suggests that the story is not interesting. Its antonym is \"interesting\".

In sentence B, the word \"dull\" means \"inactive\".

The sentence suggests that \"he lacked enthusiasm and became silent\". Its antonym is \"lively\".

In sentence C, the word \"dull\" means \"overcast\".

The sentence thus means the speaker dislikes the cloudy weather. Its antonym is \"sunny\".

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