四级考试中的深度阅读部分占142分。这部分必须进行大量针对性练习，才可确保拿到不错的分数。Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
2020年12月四级深度阅读PassageOne
Question46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
第一套Threechildrenineveryclassroomhaveadiagnosablementalhealthcondition.Halfofthesearebehaviouraldisorders,whileonethirdareemotionaldisorderssuchasstress,anxietyanddepression,whichoftenbecomeoutwardlyapparentthroughself-harm.Therewasanastonishing52percentjumpinhospitaladmissionsforchildrenandyoungpeoplewhohadharmedthemselvesbetween2009and2015.Schoolsandteachershaveconsistentlyreportedthescaleoftheproblemsince2009.Lastyear,overhalfofteachersreportedthatmoreoftheirpupilsexperiencementalhealthproblemsthaninthepast.Butteachersalsoconsistentlyreporthowill-equippedtheyfeeltomeetpupils’mentalhealthneeds,andoftencitealackoftraining,expertiseandsupportfromtheNationalHealthService(英国国家医疗服务体系).Partofthereasonfortheincreasedpressureonschoolsisthattherearenowfewer’earlyintervention(干预)’andlow-levelmentalhealthservicesbasedinthecommunity.Cutstolocalauthoritybudgetssince2010haveresultedinasignificantdeclineoftheseservices,despitestrongevidenceoftheireffectivenessinpreventingcrisesfurtherdowntheline.Theonlywaytobreakthepressuresonbothmentalhealthservicesandschoolsistoreinvestinearlyinterventionservicesinsideschools.Therearestrongargumentsforwhyschoolsarebestplacedtoprovidementalhealthservices.Schoolsseeyoungpeoplemorethananyotherservice,whichgivesthemauniqueabilitytogettohard-to-reachchildrenandyoungpeopleandbuildmeaningfulrelationshipswiththemovertime.Recentstudieshaveshownthatchildrenandyoungpeoplelargelyprefertoseeacounsellorinschoolratherthaninanoutsideenvironment.Youngpeoplehavereportedthatforlow-levelconditionssuchasstressandanxiety,aclinicalsettingcansometimesbedaunting(令人却步的).Therearealreadyexamplesofinnovativeschoolswhichcombinementalhealthandwellbeingprovisionwithastrongacademiccurriculum.Thiswill,though,requireahugeculturalshift.Politicians,policymakers,commissionersandschoolleadersmustbebraveenoughtomaketheleaptowardsreimaginingschoolsasprovidersofhealthaswellaseducationservices.46.Whatareteacherscomplainingabout?A)Therearetoomanystudentsrequiringspecialattention.B)Theyareundertoomuchstresscounsellingneedystudents.C)Schoolsareinadequatelyequippedtoimplementanyintervention.D)Theylackthenecessaryresourcestoaddresspupils’mentalproblems.47.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcommunityhealthservicesinBritain?A)Theyhavedeterioratedduetobudgetcuts.B)Theyfacilitatelocalresidents’everydaylives.C)Theyproveineffectiveinhelpingmentalpatients.D)Theycoverpreventativecareforthelocalresidents.48.Wheredoestheauthorsuggestmentalhealthservicesbeplaced?A)Athome.B)Atschool.C)Inhospitals.D)Incommunities.49.Whatdowelearnfromtherecentstudies?A)Studentsprefertorelyonpeerstorelievestressandanxiety.B)Youngpeoplearekeenonbuildingmeaningfulrelationships.C)Studentsaremorecomfortableseekingcounsellinginschool.D)Youngpeoplebenefitfromvariouskindsofoutdooractivities.50.Whatdoestheauthormeanbyaculturalshift(Line2,Para.6)?A)Simplificationofschools’academiccurriculums.B)Parents’involvementinschools’policy-making.C)Achangeinteachers’attitudestomentalhealth.D)Achangeintheconceptionofwhatschoolsare.PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Picturethis:You’reatamovietheaterfoodstandloadinguponsnacks.Youhaveachoiceofasmall,mediumorlargesoda.Thesmallis$3.50andthelargeis$5.50.It’satoughdecision:Thesmallsizemaynotlastyouthroughthewholemovie,but$5.50forsomesugarydrinkseemsridiculous.Butthere’sathirdoption,amediumsodafor$5.25.Mediummaybetheperfectamountofsodaforyou,butthelargeisonlyaquartermore.Ifyou’relikemostpeople,youendupbuyingthelarge(andtakingabathroombreakmidshow).Ifyou’rewonderingwhowouldbuythemediumsoda,theanswerisalmostnoone.Infact,there’sagoodchancethemarketingdepartmentpurposelypricedthemediumsodaasadecoy(诱饵),makingyoumorelikelytobuythelargesodaratherthanthesmall.IhavewrittenaboutthispeculiarityinhumannaturebeforewithmyfriendDanAriely,whostudiedthisphenomenonextensivelyafternoticingpricingforsubscriptions(订阅)toTheEconomist.Thedigitalsubscriptionwas$59,theprintsubscriptionwas$125,andtheprintplusdigitalsubscriptionwasalso$125.Nooneintheirrightmindwouldbuytheprintsubscriptionwhenyoucouldgetdigitalaswellforthesameprice,sowhywasitevenanoption?Arielyrananexperimentandfoundthatwhenonlythetwo“real”choiceswereoffered,morepeoplechosetheless-expensivedigitalsubscription.Buttheadditionofthebadoptionmadepeoplemuchmorelikelytochoosethemoreexpensiveprintplusdigitaloption.Brainscientistscallthiseffect“asymmetricdominance”anditmeansthatpeoplegravitatetowardthechoicenearestaclearlyinferioroption.Marketingprofessorscallitthedecoyeffect,whichiscertainlyeasiertoremember.Luckyforconsumers,almostnooneinthebusinesscommunityunderstandsit.Thedecoyeffectworksbecauseofthewayourbrainsassignvaluewhenmakingchoices.Valueisalmostneverabsolute;rather,wedecideanobject’svaluerelativetoourotherchoices.Ifmoreoptionsareintroduced,thevalueequationchanges.51.Whydoestheauthoraskustoimaginebuyingfoodinthemovietheater?A)Toillustratepeople’speculiarshoppingbehavior.B)Toillustratetheincreasingvarietyofsnacksthere.C)Toshowhowharditcanbetochooseadrinkthere.D)Toshowhowpopularsnacksareamongmoviefans.52.Whyisthemediumsodapricedthewayitis?A)Toattractmorecustomerstobuyit.B)Toshowthepricematchestheamount.C)Toensurecustomersdrinktherightamountofsoda.D)Tomakecustomersbelievetheyaregettingabargain.53.WhatdowelearnfromDanAriely’sexperiment?A)Lower-pricedgoodsattractmorecustomers.B)TheEconomist’spromotionalstrategyworks.C)TheEconomist’sprinteditionturnsouttosellthebest.D)Morereaderschoosethedigitalovertheprintedition.54.Forwhatpurposeis“thebadoption”(Line7,Para.3)added?A)Tocatertothepeculiarneedsofsomecustomers.B)Tohelpcustomerstomakemorerationalchoices.C)Totrapcustomersintobuyingthemorepriceyitem.D)Toprovidecustomerswithagreatervarietyofgoods.55.Howdoweassessthevalueofacommodity,accordingtothepassage?A)Byconsideringitsusefulness.C)Bytakingitsqualityintoaccount.B)Bycomparingitwithotherchoices.D)Byexaminingitsvalueequation2020年12月四级深度阅读PassageOne
Question46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
第二套Boredomhas,paradoxically,becomequiteinterestingtoacademicslately.InearlyMay,London’sBoringConferencecelebratedsevenyearsofdelightingindullness.Atthisevent,peopleflockedtotalksaboutweather,trafficjams,andvending-machinesounds,amongothersleep-inducingtopics.What,exactly,iseverybodystudying?Onewidelyacceptedpsychologicaldefinitionofboredomis“thedistastefulexperienceofwanting,butbeingunable,toengageinsatisfyingactivities.”Buthowcanyouquantifyaperson’sboredomlevelandcompareitwithsomeoneelse’s?In1986,psychologistsintroducedtheBoredomPronenessScale,designedtomeasureanindividual’soveralltendencytofeelbored.Bycontrast,theMultidimensionalStateBoredomscale,developedin2008,measuresaperson’sfeelingsofboredominagivensituation.Boredomhasbeenlinkedtobehaviorissuesincludinginattentivedriving,mindlesssnacking,excessivedrinking,andaddictivegambling.Infact,manyofuswouldchoosepainoverboredom.Oneteamofpsychologistsdiscoveredthattwo-thirdsofmenandaquarterofwomenwouldratherself-administerelectricshocksthansitalonewiththeirthoughtsfor15minutes.Researchingthisphenomenon,anotherteamaskedvolunteerstowatchboring,sad,orneutralfilms,duringwhichtheycouldself-administerelectricshocks.Theboredvolunteersshockedthemselvesmoreandharderthanthesadorneutralonesdid.Butboredomisn’tallbad.Byencouragingself-reflectionanddaydreaming,itcanspurcreativity.Anearlystudygaveparticipantsabundanttimetocompleteproblem-solvingandword-associationexercises.Oncealltheobviousanswerswereexhausted,participantsgavemoreandmoreinventiveanswerstocombatboredom.ABritishstudytookthesefindingsonestepfurther,askingsubjectstocompleteacreativechallenge(comingupwithalistofalternativeusesforahouseholditem).Onegroupofsubjectsdidaboringactivityfirst,whiletheotherswentstraighttothecreativetask.Thosewhoseboredompumpshadbeenprimedweremoreproductive.Inouralways-connectedworld,boredommaybeahard-to-definestate,butitisafertileone.Watchpaintdryorwaterboil,oratleastputawayyoursmartphoneforawhile,andyoumightunlockyournextbigidea.46.Whenarepeoplelikelytoexperienceboredom,accordingtoanacceptedpsychologicaldefinition?A)Whentheydon’thavethechancetodowhattheywantB)Whentheydon’tenjoythematerialstheyarestudyingC)WhentheyexperiencesomethingunpleasantD)Whentheyengageinsomeroutineactivities47.Whatdoestheauthorsayboredomcanleadto?A)DeterminationB)MentaldeteriorationC)ConcentrationD)Harmfulconduct48.Whatisthefindingsofoneteamofpsychologistsintheirexperiment?A)Volunteerspreferwatchingaboringmovietosittingalonedeliberating.B)Manyvolunteerschoosetohurtthemselvesratherthanendureboredom.C)Malevolunteersaremoreimmunetotheeffectsofboredomthanfemales.D)Manyvolunteersareunabletoresistboredomlongerthanfifteenminutes.49.Whydoestheauthorsayboredomisn’tallbad?A)Itstimulatesmemorization.B)Itallowstimeforrelaxation.C)Itmaypromotecreativethinking.D)Itmayfacilitateindependentlearning.50.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestonedowhenfacedwithachallengingproblem?A)Stopidlingandthinkbig.B)Unlockone’ssmartphone.C)Lookaroundoneselfforstimulation.D)Allowoneselfsometimetobebored.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ForestsincountrieslikeBrazilandtheCongogetalotofattentionfromenvironmentalists,anditiseasytoseewhy.SouthAmericaandsub-SaharanAfricaareexperiencingdeforestationonanenormousscale:everyyearalmost5millionhectaresarelost.ButforestsarealsochanginginrichWesterncountries.Theyaregrowinglarger,bothinthesensethattheyoccupymorelandandthatthetreesinthemarebigger.Whatisgoingon?ForestsarespreadinginalmostallWesterncountries,withfastestgrowthinplacesthathistoricallyhadratherfewtrees.In199028%ofSpainwasforested;nowtheproportionis37%.InbothGreeceandItaly,thegrowthwasfrom26%to32%overthesameperiod.ForestsaregraduallytakingmorelandinAmericaandAustralia.PerhapsmostastonishingisthetrendinIreland.Roughly1%ofthatcountrywasforestedwhenitbecameindependentin1922.Nowforestscover11%oftheland,andthegovernmentwantstopushtheproportionto18%bythe2040s.Twothingsarefertilisingthisgrowth.Thefirstistheabandonmentoffarmland,especiallyinhigh,dryplaceswherenothinggrowsterriblywell.Whenfarmersgiveuptryingtoearnalivingfromfarmingorherding,treessimplymovein.Thesecondisgovernmentpolicyandsubsidy.Throughouthistory,governmentshaveprotectedandpromotedforestsfordiversereasons,rangingfromtheneedforwoodenwarshipstoadesiretopromotesuburbanhouse-building.Nowadaysforestsareincreasinglywelcomebecausetheysuckincarbonpollutionfromtheair.Thejustificationchange;desireformoretreesremainsconstant.ThegreeningoftheWestdoesnotdelighteveryone.Farmerscomplainthatlandisbeingtakenoutofusebygenerouslysubsidizedtreeplantations.PartsofSpainandPortugalsufferfromterribleforestfires.Otherssimplydisliketheappearanceofforestsplantedinneatrows.Theywillhavetogetusedtothetrees,however.ThegrowthofWesternforestsseemsalmostasunstoppableasdeforestationelsewhere.51.Whatiscatchingenvironmentalist’sattentionnowadays?A)Richcountriesarestripingpooronesoftheirresources.B)Forestsarefastshrinkinginmanydevelopingcountries.C)Forestsareeatingawaythefertilefarmlandworldwide.D)Richcountriesaredoinglittletoaddressdeforestation.52.Whichcountrieshavethefastestforestgrowth?A)Thosethathavenewlyachievedindependence.B)Thosethathavethegreatestdemandfortimber.C)Thosethatusedtohavethelowestforestcoverage.D)Thosethatprovideenormousgovernmentsubsidies.53.Whathasencouragedforestgrowthhistorically?A).Thegovernment’sadvocacy.B).Theuseofwoodforfuel.C).Thefavorableclimate.D)Thegreenmovement.54.Whataccountforourincreasingdesireforforests?A)Theiruniquescenicbeauty.B)Theiruseasfruitplantation.C)Theircapabilityofimprovingairquality.D)Theirstablesupplyofbuildingmaterials.55.Whatdoestheauthorconcludeabouttheprospectsofforestation?A)Desertsinsub-SaharanAfricawilldiminishgradually.B)Itwillplayamoreandmoreimportantroleinpeople’slives.C)Forestsdestructioninthedevelopingworldwillquicklyslowdown.D)Developedanddevelopingcountriesaremovinginoppositedirections.2020年12月四级深度阅读PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
第三套AgrowingnumberofU.S.bikeridersareattractedtoelectricbikesforconvenience,healthbenefitsandthefunfactor.Althoughebikesfirstappearedinthe90s,cheaperoptionsandlonger-lastingbatteriesarebreathingnewlifeintotheconcept.Establishedbikecompaniesandstartupsareembracingebikestomeetdemand.About34millionebikesweresoldworldwidelastyear,accordingtodatafromeCycleElectricConsultants.MostweresoldinEuropeandChina,wherethebikesalreadyhaveexplodedinpopularity.Recently,theU.S.markethasgrownto263,000bikes,a25%gainfromtheprioryear.Theindustryisbenefitingfromimprovedbatteriesassuppliersovertheyearsdevelopedtechnologyforlaptops,smartphonesandelectriccars.In2004,thepriceofbatteriesusedonebikesfell,spurringEuropeansales.Butlowercostoptionsareemerging,too.Thismonth,threeU.S.bikesharecompanies,Motivate,LimeBikeandSpin,announcedelectricbicycleswillbeaddedtotheirfleets.NewYork-basedJumpBikesisalreadyoperatinganelectricbikeshareinWashington,D.C.,andislaunchinginSanFranciscoThursday.Ridescost$2for30minutes.Thesystemworkslikeexistingdocklessbikesharesystems,whereridersunlockbikesthroughasmartphoneapp.“Thisisthebeginningofalong-termshiftawayfromregularpedal(踏板)toelectricbikes,”saidJumpBikesCEORyanRzepecki.“Whenpeoplefirstjumponanebike,theirfacelightsup.It’sexcitingandjoyfulinawaythatyoudon’tgetfromaregularbike.”Twoyearsago,CEOChrisCocalisofPivotCycles,whichsellshigh-endmountainbikes,foundthatU.S.bikeshopsweren’tinterestedinstockingebikes.SomeretailerswarnedCocalisthatthey’ddropthebrandifitcameoutwithanelectricbike.Nowthatsalesaretakingoff,thevastmajorityofbikedealersareaskingCocaliswhenhe’llmakeanebikeavailable.“There’stremendousopportunitytogetagenerationofpeopleforwhomsufferingisn’ttheirthing,”Cocalissaid.“Ebikeridersgettheenjoyablepartofcyclingwithoutthemassivesufferingofclimbinghugehills.”46.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutebikes?A)Theirhealthbenefitsandfunvaluesoutweightheircost.B)TheydidnotcatchpublicattentionintheUnitedStatesuntilthe1990s.C)Theydidnotbecomepopularuntiltheemergenceofimprovedbatteries.D)Theirwidespreaduseisattributabletopeople’senvironmentalawareness.47.WhatbroughtabouttheboostinebikesalesinEuropeatthebeginningofthecentury?A)Updatedtechnologyofbikemanufacture.B)Thefallingpricesofebikebatteries.C)Changedfashioninshort-distancetravel.D)Therisingcostsformakingelectriccars.48.WhatistheprospectofthebikeindustryaccordingtoRyanRzepecki?A)Morewillbeinvestedinbikebatteryresearch.B)Thesalesofebikeswillincrease.C)Itwillprofitfromebikesharing.D)Itwillmakeadifferenceinpeople’sdailylives.49.WhatpreventedChrisCocalisfromdevelopingebikessooner?A)Retailers’refusaltodealinebikes.B)Highprofitsfromconventionalbikes.C)Users’concernaboutrisksofebikeriding.D)Hisfocusonsellingcostlymountainbikes.50.WhatmakesChrisCocalisbelievethereisagreateropportunityforebikesales?A)Thefurtherloweringofebikeprices.B)Thepublic’sconcernfortheirhealth.C)Theincreasinginterestinmountainclimbing.D)Theyoungergeneration’spursuitofcomfortableriding.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Theterms“globalwarming”and“climatechange”areusedbymany,seeminglyinterchangeably.Butdotheyreallymeanthesamething?Scientistsshapedthehistoryofthetermswhileattemptingtoaccuratelydescribehowhumanscontinuetoaltertheplanet.Late,politicalstrategistsadoptedthetermstoinfluencepublicopinion.In1975,geochemistWallaceBroeckerintroducedtheterm“climatechange”inanarticlepublishedbyScience.In1979,aNationalAcademyofSciencesreportusedtheterm“globalwarming”todefineincreasesintheEarth’saveragesurfacetemperature,while“climatechange”morebroadlyreferredtothenumerouseffectsofthisincrease,suchassea-levelriseandoceanacidification(酸化).Duringthefollowingdecades,someindustrialistsandpoliticianslaunchedacampaigntosowdoubtinthemindsoftheAmericanpublicabouttheabilityoffossil-fueluse,deforestationandotherhumanactivitiestoinfluencetheplanet’sclimate.Worduseplayedacriticalroleindevelopingthatdoubt.Forexample,thelanguageandpollsexpertFrankLuntzwroteamemoencouragingtheuseof“climatechange”becausethephrasesoundedlessscarythan“globalwarming,”reportedtheGuardian.However,Luntz’srecommendationwasn’tnecessary.AGoogleNgramViewerchartshowsthatby1993climatechangewasalreadymorecommonlyusedinbooksthanglobalwarming.Bytheendofthenextdecadebothwordswereusedmorefrequently,andclimatechangewasusednearlytwiceasoftenasglobalwarming.NASAusedtheterm“climatechange”becauseitmoreaccuratelyreflectsthewiderangeofchangestotheplanetcausedbyincreasingamountsofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Thedebateisn’tnew.Acenturyago,chemistSvanteArrheniusstartedoneofthefirstdebatesoverthepotentialforhumanstoinfluencetheplanet’sclimate.ArrheniuscalculatedthecapabilityofcarbondioxidetotrapheatintheEarth’satmosphere,butotherchemistsdisagreed.Somearguedthathumansweren’tproducingenoughgreenhousegases,whileothersclaimedtheeffectswouldbetiny.Now,ofcourse,weknowthatwhateveryoucallit,humanbehavioriswarmingtheplanet,withgraveconsequencesahead.51.Whydidpoliticiansusethetwoterms“globalwarming”and“climatechange”?A)ToswaypublicopinionoftheimpactofhumanactivitiesonEarth.B)Tomoreaccuratelydescribetheconsequencesofhumanactivities.C)Towinmorepopularvotesintheircampaignactivities.D)Toassurethepublicofthesafetyofexistingindustries.52.AsusedinaNationalAcademyofSciencesreport,theterm“climatechange”differsfrom“globalwarming”inthat_____.A)itsoundslessvagueB)itlooksmorescientificC)itcoversmorephenomena.D)itismuchclosertoreality53.Whatdidindustrialistsofthelate20thcenturyresorttoinordertomisleadAmericans?A)Made-upsurveyresults.C)Falseresearchfindings.B)Hiredclimateexperts.D)Deliberatechoiceofwords.54.WhydidNASAchoosetheterm“climatechange”?A)Toobtainmorefunds.B)Forgreaterprecision.C)Forpoliticalneeds.D)Toavoiddebate.55.Whatistheauthor’sfinalconclusion?A)Globalwarmingisthemoreaccurateterm.B)Accuracyofterminologymattersinscience.C)HumanactivitieshaveseriouseffectsonEarth.D)Politicsinterfereswithseriousscientificdebate.2020年9月四级深度阅读第一套PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Americansspendbillionsofdollarseachyeartryingtochangetheirweightwithdiets，gymmembershipsandplasticsurgery.
Tryingtoliveuptotheimagesof\"perfect\"modelsandmovieheroeshasadarkside:anxiety,depression,aswellasunhealthystrategiesforweightlossormusclegain.Italsohasafinancialcost.HavinganeatingdisorderboostsannualhealthcarecostsbynearlyUS$2,000perperson.
Whyistherebothexternalandinternalpressuretolook\"perfect\"?Onereasonisthatsocietyrewardspeoplewhoarethinandhealthy-looking.Researchershaveshownthatbodymassindexisrelatedtowagesandincome.Especiallyforwomen,thereisaclearpenaltyatworkforbeingoverweightorobese.Somestudieshavealsofoundanimpactformen,thoughalessnoticeableone.
Whiletheresearchliteratureisclearthatlabormarketsuccessispartlybasedonhowemployersandcustomersperceiveyourbodyimage,noonehadexploredtheothersideofthequestion.Doesaperson'sownperceptionofbodyimagemattertoearningsandotherindicatorsofsuccessintheworkplace?
OurrecentlypublishedstudyansweredthisquestionbytrackingalargenationalrandomsampleofAmericansoveracriticaltimeperiodwhenbodieschangefromteenageshapeintoadultformandwhenpeoplebuildtheiridentities.
Asinotherresearch,womeninoursampletendtoover-perceiveweight--theythinkthey'reheavierthantheyare--whilementendtounder-perceivetheirs.
Wefoundnorelationshipbetweentheaverageperson'sself-perceptionofweightandlabormarketoutcomes,althoughself-perceivedweightcaninfluenceself-esteem（自尊心），mentalhealthandhealthbehaviors.
Whilethecontinuedgenderpenaltyinthelabormarketisfrustrating,ourfindingthatmisperceivedweightdoesnotharmworkersismoreheartening.
Sinceemployers'perceptionofweightiswhatmattersinthelabormarket,changingdiscriminationlawstoincludebodytypeasacategorywouldhelp.Michiganistheonly
statethatprohibitsdiscriminationonthebasisofweightandheight.Webelieveexpandingsuchprotectionswouldmakethelabormarketmorefairandefficient.
46.Whatdoestheauthorsaymayhaveanadverseimpactonpeople?A)Undergoingplasticsurgeriesinpursuitofbeauty.B)Imitatingthelifestylesofheroesandrolemodels.
C)Strivingtoachieveperfectionregardlessoffinancialcost.D)Attemptingtomeetsociety'sexpectationofappearance.47.Whathaveresearchersfoundoutaboutpeople'searnings?A)Theyarecloselyrelatedtopeople'ssocialstatus.
B)Theyhavetodowithpeople'sbodyweightandshape.C)Theyseemtomattermuchlesstomenthantowomen.D)Theymaynotbeequaltopeople'scontributions.
48.Whatdoestheauthor'srecentstudyfocuson?
A)Previousliteratureonindicatorsofcompetitivenessintheworkplace.B)Traitsthatmattermostinone'spursuitofsuccessinthelabormarket.C)Whetherself-perceptionofbodyimageimpactsone'sworkplacesuccess.D)Howbosses'perceptionofbodyimageimpactsemployees'advancement.
49.Whatisthefindingoftheauthor'srecentresearch?
A)Beingoverweightactuallydoesnotdomuchharmtotheoverallwell-beingofemployees.B)Peoplearenotadverselyaffectedintheworkplacebyfalseself-perceptionofbodyweight.C)Self-esteemhelpstocombatgenderinequalityintheworkplace.D)Genderinequalitycontinuestofrustratealotoffemaleemployees.
50.Whatdoestheauthorthinkwouldhelpimprovethesituationinthelabormarket?A)Banningdiscriminationonthebasisofemployees'bodyimage.B)Expandingprotectionofwomenagainstgenderdiscrimination.C)Helpingemployeeschangetheirownperceptionofbeauty.D)Excludingbodyshapeasacategoryinthelaborcontract.PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Thework-lifebalanceisdead.Bythis,I’mnotadvocatingthatyoushouldgiveupyourpursuitofhavingafulfillingcareerandathrivingpersonallife,andI'mdefinitelynotsayingthatyouhavetogiveuponetohavetheother.Ialsoacknowledgethatwehaveawork-lifeproblem,butI'marguingthattheconceptofbalancehasneverbeenhelpful,becauseit'stoolimiting.Yousee,ourlanguagemakesadifference,andhowwerefertothingsmattersbecauseitaffectsourthinkingandthereforeouractions.
Attheminimum,mostofusworkbecausewewanttobeabletosupportourselves,ourfamilies,andthepeoplearoundus.Intheidealworld,we'realldoingworkthatwe'reproudofandthatprovidesmeaningandpurposetous.Butevenifyourjobdoesn'tgiveyoushiversofjoyeachnewday,workingisapartofwhateachofusdoesandthecontributionwemaketosociety.Whenyouseparateworkandlife,it'salittlebithardertomakethatconnection.Butwhenyouthinkofworkaspartofafulllifeandacompleteexperience,itbecomeseasiertoseethatsuccessinoneaspectoftensupportsanother.
Losingyourbalanceandfallingisn'tpleasant.Agoaltobalancesuggeststhatthingscouldquicklygetoffbalance,andthatcausesterribleoutcomes.It'smoreconstructivetothinkofsolutionsthatcontinuetoevolveovershiftsinlifeandwork.Ratherthanfallingorfailing,youmayhavegooddaysorbetterdaysornot-so-gooddays.Thesevariationsarenormal,andit'smoreusefultothinkoflifeassomethingthatiseverevolvingandchanging,ratherthanahigh-riskenterprisewherethingscouldgowrongwithonemisstep.
Howwetalktoourselvesmatters,andhowwetalkaboutissuesmakesadifference.Let'sbury\"work-lifebalance\"andthinkbiggerandbetteraboutwork-lifefulfillmenttodoalittlelessbalancingandalotmoreliving.51.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbysaying\"Thework-lifebalanceisdead\"?A)Thehopeofachievingathrivinglifeisimpossibletorealize.B)Thepursuitofafulfillingcareerinvolvespersonalsacrifice.
C)Theimbalancebetweenworkandlifesimplydoesn'texistanymore.D)Theconceptofwork-lifebalancecontributeslittletoafulfillinglife.52.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutouruseoflanguage?A)Itimpactshowwethinkandbehave.C)Itchangeswiththepassageoftime.B)Itreflectshowwecommunicate.D)Itdiffersfrompersontoperson.
53.Whatdoestheauthorsaywedoinanidealworld?
A)Wedoworkthatbettersthelivesofourfamiliesandfriends.
B)Wedoworkthatgivesusburstsofjoyeachnewday.C)Wedomeaningfulworkthatcontributestosociety.
D)Wedodemandingworkthatbringsourcapacityintofullplay.54.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutlife?A)Itiscyclical.C)Itisdynamic.B)Itisfulfilling.D)Itisrisky.
55.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodo?A)Makelifeassimpleaspossible.B)Talkaboutbalanceinsimplerterms.C)Balancelifeandworkinanewway.D)Striveforamorefulfillinglife.
2020年9月四级深度阅读第二套PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Wheniscleaningwallsacrime?Whenyou'redoingittocreateart,obviously.Anumberofstreetartistsaroundtheworldhavestartedexpressingthemselvesthroughapracticeknownasreversegraffiti（涂鸦）.Theyfinddirtysurfacesandpaintthemwithimagesormessagesusingcleaningbrushesorpressurehoses(高压水管）.Eitherway,it'sthesameprinciple:theimageismadebycleaningawaythedirt.Eachartisthastheirownindividualstyle,butallartistsshareacommonaim:todrawattentiontothepollutioninourcities.TheUK'sPaulCurtis,betterknownasMoose,operatesaroundLeedsandLondonandhasbeencommissionedbyanumberofcompaniestomakereversegraffitiadvertisements.
Brazilianartist,AlexandreOrion,turnedoneofSaoPaulo'stransporttunnelsintoanamazingwallpaintingin2006bygettingridofthedirt.Madeupofaseriesofwhiteskulls(颅骨）,thepaintingremindsdriversoftheeffecttheirpollutionishavingontheplanet.\"Everymotoristsitsinthecomfortoftheircar,buttheydon'tgiveanyconsiderationtothepricetheircomforthasfortheenvironmentandconsequentlyforthemselves,\"saysOrion.
Theanti-pollutionmessageofthereversegraffitiartistsconfusescityauthoritiessincethemainargumentagainstgraffitiisthatitspoilstheappearanceofbothtypesofproperty:publicandprivate.ThiswaswhatLeedsCityCouncilsaidaboutMoose'swork:\"Leedsresidentswanttoliveincleanandattractiveneighborhoods.Weviewthiskindofadvertisingasenvironmentaldamageandwilltakestrongactionagainstit.\"Moosewasorderedto\"cleanuphisact.\"Howwashesupposedtodothis:bymakingallpropertyhehadcleaneddirtyagain?
AsfortheBrazilianartist'swork,theauthoritieswereannoyedbutcouldfindnothingtochargehimwith.Theyhadnootheroptionbuttocleanthetunnel---butonlythepartsAlexandrehadalreadycleaned.Theartistmerelycontinuedhiscampaignontheotherside.Thecityofficialsthendecidedtotakedrasticaction.TheynotonlycleanedthewholetunnelbuteverytunnelinSaoPaulo.
46.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutreversegraffiti?A)Itusespainttocreateanti-pollutionimages.C)Itcausesalotoftroubleforlocalresidents.B)Itcreateslotsofdistractiontodrivers.D)Itturnsdirtywallsintoartisticworks.47.Whatdoreversegraffitiartiststrytodo?
A)Publicisetheirartisticpursuit.B)Beautifythecityenvironment.
C)Raisepublicawarenessofenvironmentalpollution.D)Expresstheirdissatisfactionwithlocalgovernments.48.WhatdowelearnaboutBrazilianartistAlexandreOrion?A)Hewasgoodatpaintingwhiteskulls.B)Hechosetunnelstodohisgraffitiart.C)Hesuggestedbanningallpollutingcars.D)Hewasfondofdoingcreativeartworks.
49.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutLeedsCityCouncil'sdecision?A)Itissimplyabsurd.B)Itiswell-informed.C)Itisratherunexpected.D)Itisquitesensible.
50.HowdidSaoPaulocityofficialshandleAlexandreOrion'sreversegraffiti?A)TheymadehimcleanallthetunnelsinSaoPaulo.B)Theytookdrasticactiontobanallreversegraffiti.C)Theychargedhimwithpollutingtunnelsinthecity.D)Theymadeitimpossibleforhimtopracticehisart.
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