Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions导学案I Word study
【教师寄语】
A thousand-mile journey is started by taking the first step.(千里之行，始于足下) 【学习目标】 1.To grasp the main words of this unit.
2. To find out the useful phrases and recite them.
【自主学习】Self-previewing 1.学习课本第三单元新单词。 2.根据所给词性和汉语意思写出单词
1. __________ n.专利证书；专利权；v.获得专利权
2. _______ vt.&vi.显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别→ _______ adj.卓著的;著名的;高贵的 3. __________adj. 突然的；意外的__________ adv. 突然地；唐突地
4. __________ adj. 便利的；方便的；就近的→_________n.便利, 方便→_________adv. 便利地 5. __________ n. 预料；期待；期望→__________vt.期待；预期；盼望 6. __________ vt.&vi. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲；n. 轻轻地敲击（声）；（水）龙头 7. __________ n. 金属丝；电线 →__________ adj. 无线的
8. __________n. （水或气）流；电流；adj. 现在的；当前的→_________adv. 普遍地；通常地 9. __________adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的→__________n. 稳定性 10. __________ vt.联想；联系；n.同伴；伙伴→__________ n. 联系；协会 11. __________adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的→__________adv. 实际上；事实上 12. __________adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→__________n. 怜悯；仁慈；宽恕 【合作探究】Cooperative exploring 3.根据汉语词义写出单词 1. call________ 给……打电话 3. set ________开始；着手
5. set ________(to do)开始（做）
2. now and ________偶尔；有时
4. dive ________迅速把手伸入；一心投入 6. hang ________不挂断；紧紧握住；稍等
7 ________ ________ order次序颠倒；发生故障
8. get ________设法联系上（尤指打通电话）；（设法）做完；通过 9. ring ________回复电话 4. 单词拼写
1. I’m sorry, but I don’t know there is an_______(突然的)change of plan. 2. As________(预料), the sales manager gave in his notice at work today. 3. It’s our_________(期望)that you will do well.
4. We should try our best to put the enemy in a _______(被动的)position.
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10. ring ________挂断电话 12. ________ truth 的确；事实上
11. ________ case （以防）万一
Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
5. As we all know, newspapers influence the________(潮流)of thought. 6. Your books and magazines are almost in a m______; go and put them in order. 7. The football club c________ arranges all the matches. 8. I have heard two v________ of the accident.
9. Illness is a v________ excuse for being absent from work. 10. She t________ me on the shoulder, but I didn’t feel it. 5. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 call up / now and then / in case / dive into /set out to (do) / get through / in truth / hang on / out of order / ring off 1. It turned out that the newcomer was _______ a spy.
2. I won’t _______ my brother unless something unexpected happens. 3. Please _______. I will go and get her.
4. Our freezer is _________ again. We’d better buy a new one instead of repairing it. 5. The police ___________ investigate the cause of the fire.
6. Please take your credit card with you ________ your money is not enough. 7. She_________ her bag and took out a few coins. 8. The line is engaged; I cannot ________ to his office. 9. I must _________ now because I will go to a meeting.
10.________, I visit my grandpa and grandma in the country. 6. 反馈练习 选择最佳选项并填空。
1）As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village ______ scenes of my childhood. A. called up B. called for C. called on D. called in 2). We get along quite well though there are quarrels between us _________.
A. now and then B. here and there C. at one time D. up and down 3). Let’s _________our personal feelings for now, and get to our business.
A. set up B. set off C. set about D. set aside
4). He told me that in the following days there were other changes, even more_________. A. abrupt B. changeable C. suitable D. typical 5). His parents’ greatest ________ is that he could be accepted by the top university. A. means B. majority C. mixture D. expectation 6).The young man ________his pocket to make sure his wallet was still there.
A. went into B. got into C. looked for D. dived into 7). I had to _________because someone else wanted to use the phone.
A. hang on B. keep up C. hang up D. ring up 8). Hardly could he _________this amount of work in such a short time.
A. get through B. get off C. get into D. get down
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Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions导学案II Reading
【教师寄语】 Nothing seeks, nothing finds. (所求则无所获。) 【学习目标】1.To grasp the main idea of the text.
2. To find out the difficult phrases and then recite them.
【学习过程】Learning Procedures 【自主学习】
1. Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1. According to the text, which of the following inventions may get a patent? A. A new star discovered by a scientist.
C. A new way to make dirty water clean.
D. A new kind of grass found in a mountain which can be used as a medicine. 2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. In my first attempt, the snakes were as active as before. B. The snakes were not sleepy at all in my second attempt. C. I killed all the snakes after I collected them.
D. Ice-cubes were used in the three attempts.
3. The purpose in writing this text is ________________.
A. to show us how to trap the snakes but not to kill them B. to tell people how to apply for a patent of the writer's new idea
C. to introduce the writer's new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patent D. to tell the readers how to get a new idea and make it a patent A. it makes the snakes move slowly
B. it makes the snakes hardly bite us
4. The biggest advantage of the writer's new idea is that:
C. it is easier for us to kill the snakes without hurting ourselves D. it is easier for us to catch the snakes without killing them 5. What instruments were used for catching the snakes?
A. a bowl, ice-cubes, male perfume B. a bowl, a bucket, female perfume C. a small net, ice-cubes, a bucket D. a small net, a bucket, powders 6. Which statement is true according to the text?
A. The snakes were so sleepy in the second attempt that they couldn't bite the writer at all. B. Your product must be different from everybody else's if you want to receive a patent.
C. The writer decided to send her invention to the patent office the moment she succeeded in catching the snakes.
D. If an application for your product proves to be valid, you can get a patent immediately.
2. Here are some stages before they can have their invention approved, please out them in the suitable order
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B. A new novel written by Huo Da.
Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
1. A. Deciding on the invention 2. B. Testing the solution 3. C. Finding a problem 4. D. Applying for a patent 5. E. Doing research
6. F. Thinking of a creative solution 3. Read and answer the questions. 1). What was the mother upset about?
_________________________________________________________________________________ 2). Why was the writer happy to help her mother?
_________________________________________________________________________________ 3). Why did cooling make the snakes less active ?
_________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Make a summary within 30 words
The writer _______ a harmless way to _________ the snakes . She trapped the snakes by making them _____ and ______. She tried _______ solutions and __________. She wanted to apply for a __________ for it.
Exploring: Work in groups and try to translate and analyze the following sentences, please pay more attention to the Black part and summarize usages.
1). Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not hurt them. Translation: ______________________________________________________________________ 在本句中，主句以here开头，构成______, 以加强语气； that引导_____从句，修饰先行词_______.
2) The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. Translation: ______________________________________________________________________ 在本句中，划线部分用来做___语，前面两个是______从句，designed是 _____分词作定语，表被动。If引导的是__________从句，but there only seemed是___________句型。
3）Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.
Translation: ______________________________________________________________________ 在本句中，划线部分是_____分词做___语，与逻辑主语I 是_____关系。
4）Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.
Translation: ___________________________________. Only +状语放在句首，主句使用_____倒装，也就是把____动词、 动词、 动词放在主语之前。在本句中，after引导的是 状语从句。
5) This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.
译：____________________________________________________________________________.
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Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
(1) 本句中that从句是一个________________从句，是expectation的_______。Expectation 为名词意为预料；期待。例如：今晚预计无雪。 译：_____________________________________________________________________________. Find out the sentences in the text which have similar meanings with the following ones. (1) You can’t say you are truly an inventor unless you had that recognition.
________________________________________________________________________________. (2)You’ll know if I receive a patent by check my bank balance.
________________________________________________________________________________. 5) Change the sentences according to the suggestion.
(1)The criteria are very strict. It is not easy for new ideas to be accepted.(用so……that连成句子) _________________________________________________________________________________ (2)Nor will you receive a patent until a research has been made to find out your product really is different from everybody else’s.(改成强调句式)
________________________________________________________________________________ Summing up
1. Summary of the text
The problem of the snakes in our yard 1.________us all the time. My mother wanted me to get 2.________of the snakes. I thought of three possible 3._______to catch them. Firstly, removing their 4.________; secondly, attracting them into5.________; and thirdly cooling them so that they would become 6.________and could be easily caught. But all these 7._______failed. So I had to8._______ my plan. My last attempt proved to be successful. I carried in my hand a small net used for 9.________fish. All went well according to plan.
The snakes were caught and the next day they were all 10._______ back into the wild. 11._____ by my friends and relations, I decided to get my invention 12.________by the patent office. I have filled in the form and 13.________ my patent application 14.________the Patent Office. I am expecting success enthusiastically now! 2. Important words and phrases
(1) 专利证书；专利权___________ (2) 偶尔；有时_______________ (3) 使自己出名_________________ (4) 抓住机会 ________________ (5) 银行结余金额_____________ 3. Sentence Patterns (句子结构感悟)
(1) 但是看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。
(2) 经过一番研究准备之后，我决定采用三种可能的办法。
(3) 只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。
(4)（评定）专利标准非常严格，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。
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Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions导学案III Using Language
【教师寄语】Behind bad luck comes good luck. (塞翁失马焉知非福) 【学习目标】1. Learn about the whole texts and get the main idea.
2. Master the useful words and expressions.
【学习过程】Learning Procedures Before class
Task 1 Vocabulary
Preview the new words and phrases of this text. 1.___________ n. 额头 2. n. 稻草；饮料吸管 3. n.重要性 4. n. / adj. 流；电流 / 现在的；当前的； 5. adj. 稳定的；稳固的 6. _________________开始（做）
7. _________________ 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 8 . ________________的确，事实上 In class:
Step1 Check-up and lead in 1. Check the answers of Task 1
2. How much do you know of Alexander Graham Bell. Guess which invention he invented. (still used today)
Step 2 Fast reading
Read the passage quickly and find out the main idea of the text.
________________________________________________________________________________ Step 3 Careful reading
1. Read again and find the answers to the following questions.
1) How did curiosity make Alexander Graham Bell into a great inventor?
_______________________________________________________________________________ 2) What did he think was the key to his success as an inventor?
_______________________________________________________________________________ 3) Why will he always be known as the inventor of the telephone?
______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Read the text carefully and choose the correct answer to complete each sentence. 1). Bell invented the _________ by chance according to the text.
A. Morse code B. telegraph C. telephone D. tetrahedron 2). Which statement is true according to the text?
A. Bell made a contribution to the deaf education.B. Bell invented the telephone for the deaf. C. Bell thought you shouldn’t think too much about something you had never seen before. D. Bell invented a lot of flying machines while searching for a kite to carry a man into the air. 3). According to the text, Bell got such great achievement thanks to__________. A. a straw joined to a deaf man’s ear B. the exploring around problems C. a moving electrical current D. his excellent assistant Watson 4). We can infer from the text that_________.
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Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
A. doing research in telegraph helped Bell greatly in inventing the telephone
B. Bell was given the patent after he succeeded in sending the first telephone message C. in order to make the bridges stronger Bell discovered telephone
D. Bell discovered so many practical solutions that he must be a millionaire Step 4 Exploring study
Read the text again, find out the sentences and analyze them.
1. He found that by pressing his lips against his mother’s forehead, he could make the bones move in such a way she could understand what he was saying. (P25 L4-6)
翻译：________________________________________________________________________ 本句是一个复合句，that 引导________从句; she could understand what he was saying是以_________为先行词的_________从句。
注意：the way 做先行词引导__________时引导词有三种情况，1)in which 2) that 3)不填 如：I don’t appreciate the way that /in which /-- you deal with such a problem.翻译：
______________________________________________________________________________ 2. It was this exploring around problems that led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876. (P25 L14) 翻译：__________________________________________________________________________ 本句为_______句式，该句式结构为___________________.
比较：The patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that Bell sent the first telephone message to his assistant, Watson. (P25 L28)
由until引出的短语或者从句，所用的强调句型是__________________________.
注意: 在强调结构中不能用which代替其中的that,当被强调部分是人时可用who, whom, that. Step 5 Language study 词语学习与运用 1. set out. 【归纳总结】 set out有两层意思：set out to do…意为___ _；set out for…意为_________。 【知识链接】set about 开始做某事；set against使与（某人）对立； set aside（为某种目的）留出，拨出；set back延缓，阻碍；set down写下，制定，下车；set off 启程，动身，引起，激发；set up（公司、机构等）建立，成立 【即景活用】
1) He clearing up after the party a proper. 2) Try to _______________ at least an hour each day for learning new vocabulary.. 3) We packed our rucksacks and _____________ the hills.
2. Although he will always be known for his invention of the telephone, he was in truth a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life. ( P26，L2-3) 翻译：____________________________________________________________________________ 2. in truth
【归纳总结】in truth意思为 ，相当于 。 【即景活用】The ugly frog was __________a handsome prince. 3. a continuing search
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Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
【归纳总结】句中continuing是动词-ing形式做定语。
【即景活用】Everyone present was deeply__________ by the __________story.
A. moved; moved B. moving; moving C. moving; moved D. moved; moving After class
达标测试 I. 单词拼写
1. Most of the old are interested in c_______ events.
2. The real __________(重要) of this new law is the protection it gives to female workers. 3. He is wearing a p___________ uniform which is comfortable and doesn’t show the dirt.. 4. This illness makes a m________ of my holiday plans.
5. Norman is a bit neurotic(神经质的), but his wife is a very s____________ person. II. 选用方框内的词或短语，并用其适当形式填空。 beaten back; dive into; set out; in truth; out of order 1. Our refrigerator is _____________again; we’d better buy a new one instead of repairing it. 2. He ____________ his pocket and pulled out a quarter.
3. At dawn, they ____________ to get ready for the work of the day. 4. They live miles off the ____________.
5. He was ____________ the greatest artist of them all. III. 单项填空
1. He ______the bag and brought out two red apples.
A. put into B. dragged into C. dived into D. caught into 2. He ______his career and made a great contribution to our country. A. dived himself into B. devoted himself to C. dived into D. devoted to 3. At dawn, they set ______to get ready for the work of the day.
A. off B. about C. out D. in 4. They set ______at about 8 o’clock.
A. about to work B. about to working C. about working D. out work 5. They _____the mountain at noon.
A. set off to B. set out to C. set out for D. set off in 6. 1.When we plan our vacation, mother often offers_____ suggestions.
A. careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable 7. It is believed that if a book is _______, it will surely_____ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest VI. 翻译句子
1. 这确实是个奇迹。(in truth) ________________________________________________ 2. 就是在公园里你遇到了我。(It was…that…) __________________________________ 3. 我的胃不舒服,得立刻去看医生。(out of order) ________________________________ 4. 他跳到水中,救起那快要溺死的小孩.(dive into) ________________________________
Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions导学案IV Grammar
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Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
【教师寄语】All things in their being are good for something. (天生我才必有用)
【学习目标】掌握过去分词做定语，表语和宾语补足语 (语法归纳见《金榜P44》) 【课堂演练】 I. 单项选择
1) Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
2) The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 3) The Olympic games, in 776 BC, didn't include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
4) Prices of daily foods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002年全国春）A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 5) Mr. Smith,_______ of the speech, started to read a _______ novel. (2003 北京春)
A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring 6) Cleaning women in big cities usually get _______ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 7) As we joined the big crowd I got _________ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
8) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _______as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
9) --- Good morning. Can I help you? --- I’d like to have this package _________, madam.
A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 10) The missing boys were last seen ________ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. played
11) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ___ the next year. (NMET2000)
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
12) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ___ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 13）The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well__________.
A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending
14) The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses ______vacation to China.
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
15) A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not to be left_________. A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied 16) He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______in his lectures.
A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. When I arrived home one day, I found her ______ (seat) under the tall tree. 2. You can improve your mind by _______ (read) literary classics. 3. In order to make himself _____ (hear), he raised his voice a little bit.
4. The pool, _______ (cover) an area of 300 square meters, is big enough for you to enjoy. 5. The children will get ________ (confuse) if asked to learn too much at a time. 6. Do you like the book _____ (make) up of untrue stories? 7. Don’t keep the visitor ______ (wait) for such a long time.
8. Most of my classmates know that I like reading books ______ (write) by Zhang Ailing.
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Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions导学案V Writing Assessments
【教师寄语】Cease to struggle and you cease to live. （生命不止，奋斗不息。）
I. Ability enhancing：单项填空从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. _______ heavy rain, the football match will be postponed.
A. In case of B. In case C. In order that D. In the case of 2. If it is quite ___________ to you, I will visit you next Friday.
A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable
3.The boy tried his best to make himself ________in his _______ English. A. understood, breaking B. understand, broken C. understand, breaking D. understood, broken 4.— Who are those people with the banner?
— A group_________ itself the League for Peace.
A. Calling B. calls C. called D. is called
5. You will never know how many difficulties she _______ to educate her children. A. got across B. got on C. got through D. got over
6. So difficult _______ it is to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found 7. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You have had it _______ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 8. — Can I do the job?
— I’m afraid not, because it ________ skill and practice.
A. calls on B. calls out C. calls up D. calls for 9. The problem __________now is very important.
A. being discussed B. discussed C. discussing D. to be discussed 10. I really don’t want to go to the party, but I don’t see how I can _______it. A. get back from B. get out of C. get away D. get off
11. The computer center, ________last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
12. Snakes come near the house ________, and they seem to have made their home here. A. for now B. now and then C. from now on D. just now 13. Roses need special car ______ they can live through winter.
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
14. Once _______ to speak properly, you can make yourself attracted at many occasions. A. educating B. educated C. to educate D. to be educated 15. Only when the war was over _______ to his hometown. (01上海春) A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned B. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return 16. — I wonder if I could use your telephone. — __________.
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Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
A. I wonder how B. I don’t wonder C. Sorry, it’s out of order D. No wonder, here it is 17. The boy who got the first prize looked around him _______.
A. in delight B. in shock C. in surprise D. in disappointed 18. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
19. It is known to all that Japanese _______ greatly _______ French in pronunciation.
A. differs / with B. is different/ with C. differs/ from D. are different/ to
20. When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike _______ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. A. expected B. was expecting C. was expected D. would be expected II. Summarizing（原精读课文缩写） 根据课文内容用合适的单词填空。
I 1 a new way that would catch snakes but not harm them. the first thing I tried to do is to find powders 2___ to kill snakes. I 3 researching the habits of snakes, so I could trap them in the easiest way. 4 with these findings, I decided on three possible 5 , but failed. I had to 6 my plan.
For the second 7 , I tried to make them sleepy, but once 8 , they would bite me. So I have to think of ways to improve my design again. After my third try, I collected the 9 snakes and the next day we 10 them all back into the wild. I succeeded and felt proud. Now I had 11 in the form and filed my patent 12 with the patent office. III. Error correcting下列各句均有一处错误, 指出并改正。 1.The match between Class 4 and Class 5 is sure to be excited. 2. Interesting in English, he listens to BBC every day.
3. How I wish I could make myself understanding fully in English! 4. We met him at the giving time and place． 5. When heard the news, she burst into laughter. 6. He was sitting in the chair, read a book.
7. The villagers had many trees planting just then. 8. Entered the room, she found the wall newly painted. IV. Writing List functions of cell phones.
A________________________ B________________________ C________________________ D________________________ II. Do you think whether cell phones should be allowed at school? 1. Your ideas:
A____________________________________________ B____________________________________________ C____________________________________________ Words for supporters:
convenient; tool; exchange information; communicate with others; relax ourselves by…; look up words; read news; Words for objectors:
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Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
do harm to; cheating devices; download improper messages; be addicted to; disturb; 2. Sum up different opinions on this topic: Should cell phones be allowed at school? 1 2 Opinions from supporters Opinions from objectors Your opinions ？ 3 … A writing format Part I
We had a heated discussion about/on…… Opinions are divided on the question. Part II
(1)Some of us think that …The reason is that…….What’ more, …….besides…… (2)However/On the other hand, others have the opposite opinion.
They think that……Firstly,……secondly……thirdly…… Part III
As far as I am concerned/ In my opinion,…. For one reason,…….... For another reason……. In a word,…….
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translating: 翻译下文，尽量运用本单元学过的词汇及短语： 当今学生经常被鼓励在课余时间制作一些小发明或小制作。这里有几条建议可遵循：首先你应该着手做一些试验的准备工作。然后，可以采取几步来完成你的试验。如果前几次尝试失败了，那也没有关系，只要你坚持做，最终肯定能够成功。成功后最好能够把它运用到实践中，以防它根本不能工作。一旦完成了，这些小发明必须送到专利办公室,对你的成功的主意进行申请专利。
写作过程：
（1）审题：______________________________________________________________ （2）列出相关词汇短语：__________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ （3）谋篇：______________________________________________________________ （4）写作：______________________________________________________________
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Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions 3 Language points(教师参考)
【教师寄语】A thousand-mile journey is started by taking the first step.(千里之行，始于足下) 【学习目标】 To master the language points of the text. 【自主学习】
Language points in Reading
1. Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved? go through (1) 经历
Most families went through a lot in the war. I can’t go though the letters in an hour. Mother went through the drawer for her glasses. A terrible noise went through the house.
(2) 通过, 成功, 成交 The plan did not go through. (3) 审阅, 检查 (4) 翻找, 查看 (5) 穿过, 通过
2. do research on /into /in... 从事, 进行, 做研究
They are carrying out a research into the causes of cancer.
research可作可数名词和不可数名词, 有自己的单复数形式。短语do research中research 为不可数名词。
3. call up 打电话，使......回忆起
I’ll call you up tonight (call sb. /ring sb. up ) The old photo calls up memories of my childhood. (recall sth.) call for 需要, 要求
call back 回电话，召唤某人回来 call in 邀请, 请来
call on/at 拜访 (call on后跟人作宾语，call at后跟地点名词作宾语 ) 4. now and then 有时, 偶尔 相关短语：
from time to time 有时，不时 (every) now and again 偶尔，有时 from now on 从现在开始, 今后 just now 刚才 since then 从那时以来
5. Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.
这回我有机会表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既能捉住蛇，又不会伤害它们。 distinguish 辨别, 区别
I can’t distinguish the twins, they are so alike.
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I see them now and then, but not often.
Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
Distinguish B from A=distinguish between A and B 把…...与…...加以分开 Can you distinguish between those two objects?你能区分那两个物体吗？
Children should be taught to distinguish right from wrong. 应当教育孩子分辨好坏。 distinguish oneself 显扬自己,使自己扬名
He’s distinguished himself as a teacher. 作为老师，他早已负有盛名。 The man distinguish himself by his wisdom. 这个人因智慧而扬名。 tell the differences between … and …= tell …from… 把......与......区分开 distinction n. 区别, 差异
distinctive adj. 有特色的, 与众不同的
distinct adj. 截然不同的 distinguishable adj. 区别得出；辨认得出的 merciful adj. 仁慈的；宽恕的；宽容的 be merciful to sb. 对某人仁慈 mercy n. 仁慈；慈悲
6. The first thing I did was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.
[考点] designed to kill snakes是过去分词短语作后置定语, 修饰powders。
[点拨]此句是由but连接的两个并列句。前一分句的主干为The first thing was to see, if引导的从句作see的宾语；I tried to do是定语从句，修饰先行词the first thing。后一分句的主干为there seemed to be ...，是there be句型的延伸, 意为“看起来好像有……”。如： There seems to be no need to go now. 看来，现在没有去的必要了。 [考例] Five people won the “China’s
7. I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. set about (doing) sth. 开始, 着手
The sooner we set about it , the sooner we’ll finish.
We set about cleaning up the mess. set out to do sth.开始做某事 set out (for) 出发,启程
set off (for)=leave for出发, 动身,引发，引爆 set aside 留出, 对…不予以考虑 set down 记下, 写下，制定，规定 set up 建立，创建，安排
8. They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall. 它们突然一下子就消失在墙壁附近的洞里去了。 [考点1] abruptly adv. 突然地，唐突地 , 意外地, 比suddenly的意外程度强。 abrupt adj.突然的；意外的 1) The temprature dropped______.
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Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
2) The _________change of the schedule gave me lots of trouble.
[考点2] convenient便利的；方便的。可构成be convenient for/to sb.和it is convenient（for sb） to do sth.结构，意为：对某人来说（做某事）是方便的。
10. Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. 只有你得到这种承认, 你才能说你是真正的一个发明家。 Only 修饰状语置于句首，主句需用部分倒装语序。 Only by working hard can we pass the exams.
11. Nor will you receive a patent until a search has made to find out that your product really is different from everybody else’s.
你的产品要经过仔细调查, 证明它确实与众不同, 你才能获得专利。
此句是一个由not (这里是nor) until连接的主从复合句。其中主句是一个倒装句；由until引导的时间状语从句中含有一个目的状语to find out，后面又带有一个由that引导的宾语从句。nor置于句首时，句子要用倒装语序 (把助动词或情态动词提前)。如： Nor will I deny that.我也不会否认这点。
以否定词no, not, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, little等开头的句子, 句子的主句要部分倒装。
Never can you pass the exam if you don’t devote yourself to your study. Little did I know what was about to happen. 13. In Japan scientists have managed to produce pigs that have a plant gene inserted into their DNA. [考点] inserted into their DNA是过去分词短语作宾语补足语。
14.pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity o get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.
由于亲戚和朋友的敦促，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认可。
1) press v. & n.压；催促；强迫；新闻界 Press sb.to do sth 强迫某人做某事 Press against 挤压，贴紧 Press sth.into 把某物塞入 Time press 时间紧迫
2) seize v. 抓住；夺取，占领 seize sth. 抓住某物
seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会 seize sth. from sb. 从某人那里夺取某物
[考例1] Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _______ in a short period. A. improved [考例2]---Can I do the job?
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B. improving C. to improve D. improve
Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
---I’m afraid not, because it ___ skill and patience.
A. calls on B. calls out A. convenient
B. fair
C. calls up D. calls for C. easy D. comfortable
[考例3] If it is quite ______ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday. [考例4]Come and see me whenever ___.
A. you are convenient
B. you will be convenient D. it will be convenient to you
C. get down to work D. all the above
C. it is convenient to you
[考例5]On receiving the assignment, we___ at once.
A. set to work B. set out to work environmental protection. (山东06) A. being given B. is given
C. given
D. was given
[考例7] I hope that the teacher can be merciful_________ me, or I cannot get through the exam. A. to B. in C. on D. at
[考例8] I would like to _________ a doctor’s appointment as soon as possible. A. set up B. put up A. press B. disturb
C. make up D. pull up C. put D. allow
[考例9] I don’t want to _________ you, but shouldn’t you be leaving.
[考例10] Can you give me a ________ reason why you want to leave my company? A. passive B. abrupt
C. disturbing D. valid
Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions导学案IV Grammar
[考例6]Green Figure” award, a title__________ to ordinary people for their contributions to
【教师寄语】All things in their being are good for something. (天生我才必有用) 【学习目标】掌握过去分词做定语，表语和宾语补足语
动词V-ed形式作定语; 动词V-ed形式作表语; 动词V-ed形式作宾语补足语
一、动词-ed形式作定语
过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如：
spoken English (英语口语)； iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；
cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条);
但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。
1. The tall man is a returned student．高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。 2. My parents are both retired teachers． 我的父母都是退休教师。 (1)前置定语
单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰 的名词的前面, 作前置定语。
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Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
The excited people rushed into building.
激动的人们冲进大楼。(=the people who were excited) Lost time can never be found again．
虚度的时光, 无法挽回。(=time which is lost) (2)后置定语 ①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。
1. Everything used should be marked． 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。 2. Among the invited were some ladies．被邀请的人中, 有些是女士。 3. The books left are for my students． 剩下的书是给我的学生的。 ② 动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词
的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。 1. Is there anything planned for tonight?
今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight)
2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success．
这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。(=which was attended by a lot of people)
3.We drank some boiled water (=which had boiled )and went on with our work. 我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。
注意:这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词, 改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。
二、动词-ed形式作表语
过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。 如：He looked worried after reading the letter． 看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。
When we heard of it, we were deeply moved．当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea．听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。 常见的作表语的过去分词有:
amused(愉快的)； broken(碎了的)； closed(关闭的)； astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)； experienced(有经验的); delighted(高兴的)； lost(丢失的)；
gone(遗失的)； disappointed(失望的)； worried(担忧的)； interested(感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的) pleased(高兴的)； satisfied(满意的)； surprised(吃惊的); married(已婚的)； known(著名的) 等等
作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite等所修饰。 I was very pleased at the news．听了这消息我很高兴。 He grew much tired of the work．他十分厌倦这工作。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对
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Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
象。
She found the door broken in when she came back．她回来时发现有人破门而人。 My grandfather had his old house rebuilt． 我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。 Will you please make yourself heard to us, please? 请你大声点让我们都听到你说的话, 好吗？
少数不及物动词的过去分词用作宾补时, 强调动作完成后的状态. They found all the guests gone when they woke up. 当他们醒来时, 发现所有的客人都走了 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法
动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。
1. I must get my bike repaired．我必须请人修理自行车。 (宾语补足语)
2. The girl was found beaten black and blue．人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。 (主语补足语)
(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。
We thought the game lost．我们认为球赛输了。
I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind． 她觉得心里轻松了些。 They considered the matter settled． 他们认为这问题解决了。
(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。
I have my hair cut once a month． 我每个月理一次发。
He was trying to make himself understood．他正努力使别人听懂自己。 She held her hands pressed against her face. 她用双手按着脸。 “have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义： ① (请人)把某事做完。
She had her house repaired． 她请人把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发? ②遭遇某种意外情况。
He had his hat blown away on his way home．在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。 ③ 完成某事 (自己也可能参与)。
I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected．我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year．他今年已存了1000元。
(3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want, wish, expect, order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。
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Students’ Learning Project Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions May 6. 2013
He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting． 他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。
The students wish the TV serial plays continued．学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。 (4) 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在后面。
With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden．周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花, 他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。
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