1.A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase,an ambiguous expression,a vague adjectives ,will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English.差不多的词，不准确的词语，模棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯正英语的作家满意。他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他意思的词。
A writer who pay great attention to expressing the exact English will never be satisfied with a word which can not express an idea accurately.
2. Choosing words is part of the process of the realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves , as well as for those who hear or read our words.选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。
For the reader can easily understand what kind of feelings and thoughts we want to convey, we need to be careful to choose the words we used in article.
3.It is hard work choosing the right words, but we shall be rewarded by the satisfaction that finding them brings.寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。一旦找到了那个词，我们就会感到很欣慰：辛劳得到了回报。
Finding the most suitable word is in no sense easy. But there is nothing like the delight and excitement we shall experience when we pick up such a word.
4.The exact use of language gives us mastery over the material we are dealing with.
准确的用语有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。
If we can use language accurately we are in a position to totally understand the subject matter.
第二单元
1.The result is that the Mediterranean, which nurtured so many civilisations, is gravely ill -- the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved around it.结果导致孕育众多文明的地中海环境极其恶劣—第一个由于其周围人们对其利用能力的增强和对其环境污染的忽视态度而受害的海洋。
The result is, the sea, the cradle of many civilizations, is seriously polluted. It is the first of the seas that has been made to suffer from a situation resulting from development mixed with an irresponsible mentality.
2. What is more, most cities just drop it in straight oil the beach; rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe it even half a mile offshore.更有甚者，多数城市直接将污水倾到海岸上。实际上，很少有像戛纳和特拉维夫那样的城市用管道把污水抽到离海岸0.5英里的地方。Further, while the places such as Cannes and Tel Aviv dispose of their wastes through a pipe stretching out half a mile from the shore, most cities do not bother to do that but simply dump their sewage directly into the sea along the coastline.
3. An even greater danger lurks in the seductive seafood dishes that add so much interest to holiday menus.更大的危险潜伏在为假日菜单增色不少的诱人海鲜中。
There is an even bigger hazard hidden in the seafood dishes that are forever so appealing to those holiday makers.
4. Factories cluster round the coastline, and even the most modern rarely has proper waste-treatment plant.群集于海岸的工厂中，即使是最为先进的工厂也几乎没有严格意义上的废物处理系统。Factories are set up around the coastline, few of which, including the most sophisticated, have been equipped with a satisfactory system for dealing with their effluents.
1. beauty and myth are perennial masks of poverty.美景和神话是贫穷的永久面具。
The beautiful clothes worn by the poor and the myth story about the affluent society always cover the severe fact of the poor..
2.This new segregation of poverty is compounded by a well-meaning ignorance.
这种对贫穷的新的隔离混合着一种善意的无知。
The middle class was misled by the beauty and myths mask of the poverty, and their unawareness made more complex this separation between the rich and the poor
第五单元
1.The peer group has become television-oriented, arid much of the time children spend together is occupied by television viewing.孩子和同龄人在一起的活动越来越以电视为中心，很多时候他们聚在一起只是看电视。
Children have become television addicts, devoting much of the time when they are together to watching TV.
2.Television is not merely one of a number of important influences upon today's child..
电视不仅仅是影响当今儿童的重要因素之一。
Television is not merely one among many important factors that may influence a child today.
3.Through the changes it has made in family life, television emerges as the important influence in children's lives today通过对家庭带来的改变，电视已经成为影响当今儿童生活至关重要的因素。Television has brought about great changes in family life, playing the dominant role in shaping the lives of children today.
4.the television set casts its magic spell, freezing speech and action, turning the living into silent statues so long as the
enchantment lasts.电视机下了一个充满魔力的符咒，只要符咒的魔力不消失，人们的言谈举止就一直冷若冰霜，活生生的人也变成了沉默的雕像。
....the television has its magic power over people. As soon as the television is on, people stop talking and doing anything else, becoming lifeless statues before the TV screen.
5.Turning on the television set can turn off the process that transforms children into people.\"
打开电视机就中断了孩子向成年转变的过程。
The moment a child sits down to watch television is the moment his growth towards maturity is suspended.
第八单元
1. Much of human existence consists of efforts aimed at making sure that things don’t go wrong, fall apart, break down, or stop running until a decent interval has elapsed after their manufacture.
人类很多时候都是努力确保产品出产后在一段时间内不失灵、不散架、不停止运行。
People spend much of their lifetime trying hard to keep things in good shape. They think a product, after leaving its factory, should last at least for a reasonably long period before ceasing to work.
2. But gadgets and sampling alone will never do the trick since these items are also subject to Murphy's law.
但是仪器和抽样检测也非屡试不爽，因为仪器和抽样检测同样受摩菲定律的影响。
Quality-control instruments and testing devices are also governed by Murphy’s Law, so they are not reliable.
3. A single visit to museum which displays artifacts used by simple preindustrial societies is sufficient
to dispel the notion that quality is dependent on technology. 只要去摆放着史前社会人工制品的博物馆参观一下，就足以驳倒质量取决于技术的观点。Look at the artifacts of the pre-industrial era exhibited in a museum and you will see that technology is not the factor that decides the quality of these item
4. In unskilled or uncaring hands a handmade basket or boat can fall apart as quickly as baskets or boats made by machines我认为不是。由一双缺乏技巧，或缺乏爱心的手编出来的篮子或造出来的船会和机器制作出来的篮子和船一样散架。
If a handmade basket or boat is made by an inexperienced or irresponsible worker, it may break down as easily as machine-made baskets or boats.
5. I rather think that the reason we honor the label ―handmade‖is because it evokes not a technological relationship between producer and product but a social relationship between producer and consumer我认为我们之所以看重―手工制作‖的标签是因为它不仅引发了生产者和产品之间的技术关系，还引发了生产者和消费者之间的社会关系。
My opinion is that it is the social relationship between producer and consumer rather then the technological relationship
第九单元
1. The other was the editor of one of the nation’s leading papers, a newsman to the core – though , aggressive, and savvy in the ways and means of solid reporting.另一位是美国一家主要报纸的编辑，他勇敢坚定，咄咄逼人，深谙撰写可靠新闻之道，堪称一位彻头彻尾的新闻界人士。
The other was a newspaperman through and through--uncompromising, energetic, and intelligent about how to report
between
producer
and
product
that
makes‖handmade‖items so highly regarded.
reliable news based on facts.
2. The news media seem to operate on the philosophy that all news is bad news.新闻传媒的运作理念似乎是凡是新闻皆坏事。为什么？难道突出负面新闻是传统—是新闻业内人士对日常事件的习以为常的反应？
The different ways of providing news, i.e., the newspaper, television, and radio seem all to follow the belief that all news is bad news. Why is this so? Could it be because people are used to dwelling on negative news as a rule and because newspaper people are generally sensitive to such news when facing everyday happenings?
3. Could it be that the emphasis on downside news is largely the result of tradition – the way newsmen are accustomed to respond to daily events?我并非暗示可以编造―积极‖的新闻来抵消头版上灾难报道的作用，也没有把对其青年基督会作用的深刻报道定义为―正面‖新闻。
I do not mean to propose that we make up some‖good‖news and use it as a remedy for the catastrophies reported on the front page. Neither do I consider good news as a thorough and detailed news stroy about how the local YMCA operates.
4. I am not suggesting that ―positive‖ news be contrived as an antidote to the disasters on page one. Nor do I define positive news as in-depth reportage of functions of the local YMCA.新闻界人士为我们提供我们对自身以及这个世界任职的写照——这种写照最好是逼真的肖像，而不是扭曲的漫画像。因为我们就是根据这一写照来做决定、筹划未来的。
What the news media report on us and on the world is the only information about ourselves and about the world we get. Such reportage had better be faithful to our life--and not be a
distortion--because we must rely on the truthful picture of our life to make our decision and plan our future.
5. News people provide us with the only picture we have of ourselves and of the world. It had better be a true portrait – and not a caricature – for it is this picture on which we will base our decisions and around which we will plan our future.
后天习得的文化并非由基因遗传，美好社会的甜美的生活虽然可得，但却不是一旦拥有就永远不失去。如果美好生活中的智慧没有被传下来，所的一切也将化为乌有。
The knowledge that you come to possess by your own efforts over a long period of time does not become part of your inborn character. You may be able to earn the good life in a good society, but such good life cannot be yours permanently. If the understanding of the good life in a good society is not passed on, you will lose what you have earned.
第十单元
1. Little girls adore Barbie because she is highly realistic and eminently dress-upable.
小女孩热衷芭比娃娃是因为她很逼真，而且不同寻常的是她可以任意更换衣服。
The reason why Barbie appeals so much to little girls is that she looks just like a real person in real life who can be dressed up in the way they wish.
2. Moreover, Mattel announced that, for the first time, any young lady wishing to purchase a new Barbie would receive a trade-in allowance for her old one.
此外，Mattel公司还首次宣布，任何想要购买一个新芭比娃娃的年轻女士都可用自己的旧芭比娃娃抵价获得优惠。
Moreover, Mattel made public that, for the first time, all girls desirous of buying a Barbie from its company were to be given
the right of turning in their old dolls in exchange for new models at a reduced price.
3. But increasingly, it is the technologically produced environment that matters for the individual.
但是对于个人来说事关重要的，却越来越是这种技术制造的环境。 But more and more, man-made products form a very important part in the lives of people.
4. Man-made things enter into and color his consciousness. 人造物品进入并影响了人的意识。
Technologically produced things come to be accepted by people and are beginning to shape their mentality.
5.Their number is expanding with explosive force, both absolutely and relative to the natural environment.无论是就绝对而言还是相对于自然环境而言，人造物品的数量都正在急剧地增长，There has been a tremendous increase in machine-produced things in terms of their actual amount as well as their physical size in proportion to our natural environment.
6. Nothing could be more dramatic than the difference between the new breed of little girls who cheerfully turn in their Barbies for the new improved model and those who, like their mothers and grandmothers before them, clutch lingeringly and lovingly to the same doll until it disintegrates from sheer age.
新一代的小女孩兴高采烈的把她们的芭比娃娃换成新款高级的娃娃，而有些小女孩像她们的母亲和祖母年少时一样，终日抱着同一个娃娃，形影不离，爱不释手，直到随着年岁增长娃娃从生活中消失。没有什么比这种差别更具有戏剧性了。
This different seems most noticeable between the modern throw-away-oriented girls who, on the other hand, are delighted in replacing their out-of-date Barbies for up-to-date ones, and their old-fashioned counterparts, on the other hand, who like
their mothers and grandmothers, are reluctant to part with their dear little dolls until they are timeworn and broken/until they fall apart.
7. The idea of using a product once or for a brief period and then replacing it, runs counter to the grain
of societies or individuals steeped in a heritage of poverty. 物品使用一次或使用很短时间就被取代的观念，违背了社会的本质和那些长期生活贫困的人的本性。
The practice whereby people use a product and then quickly discard it may readily be rejected by those accustomed by scarcity to holding on to their old possessions.
Unit11
1.The stronger the will, the more futile the task.
The more you attempt to shake off your worry, the harder it will be for you to get rid of it..
2. It is no use starting late in life to say:‖I will take an interest in this or that.‖
It is not a good idea to begin thinking of pursuing a hobby when you have already grown old.
3. It is no use doing what you like, you have got to like what you do.
It is no good believing that you are in a position to enjoy at a moment’s notice any pastime which happens to catch your fancy; pleasure comes from exerting one’s talents in a hobby suited to one’s circumstances.
4.As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay hands on almost every object of desire--for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation.
Since those very wealthy people can afford to get access to
almost anything they may think of and to turn the most fanciful ideas into reality, there is nothing in this world that can interest or excite them any more. To them, a new pleasure, a new excitement may very often make them even more bored about life.
5. Indeed, it may well be that those work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.
In fact, it is probably those whose work provides them with their enjoyment are those who are most in need of periodic distractions from their work.
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