整理 美国文学史作家作品

The Colonial Period John Smith

William Bradford John Winthrop John Cotton Roger Williams Cotton Mather Jonathan Edwards Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor

The Age of Romanticism Washington Irving

James Fenimore Cooper Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville Edgar Allan Poe Walt Whitman Emily Dickinson

American Literature: Writers & Works

The Age of Reason and Enlightenment Benjamin Franklin Thomas Paine

John de Crevecoeur John Woolman Philip Freneau Philis Wheatley

Charles Brockden Brown

The Age of Realism William Dean Howells Henry James Mark Twain Stephen Crane

Benjamin Frank Norris Theodore Dreiser

Edwin Arlington Robinson Jack London O. Henry

Upton Sinclair

The Colonial Period 1. John Smith (1580-1631) The first American writer writing in English The General History of Virginia (1624) (Pocahontas) A Description of New England (1614) A Map of Virginia; With a Description of the Country (1612) 2. William Bradford (1590-1657) Father of American history The first governor of the Plymouth Plantation （1620） History of Plymouth Plantation (1630,1856) 3. John Winthrop (1588-1657) The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony The writer who best expressed the Puritan faith in the colonial period The History of New England (two volumes, 1825, 1826; 1630 --- 19 in diary) Model of Christian Charity （sermon）

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American Literature 4. John Cotton (1584-1652) The most eminent and admired minister in the first generation of New England Puritans. 5. Roger Williams (1603-1683) Translated the Bible into the Indian tongue A puritan dissenter, a staunch fighter for freedom and democracy The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for Cause of Conscience (14) A Key into the Language of America 6. Cotton Mather (1663-1728) An inexhaustible writer, producing more than 500 books on an incredible variety of subjects The most eminent and admired minister in the first generation of New England Puritans. A skillful preacher, a great Puritan historian, an eminent theologian, a graduate of Harvard College The Magnalia Christi America (The Ecclesiastical History of New England) 7. Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) America’s first systematic philosopher Contributed to “Great Awakening” (1730s-1740s) and “Transcendentalism” Forerunner of the American transcendentalism Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (best and most representative sermon) The Freedom of the Will (17) (masterpiece) The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended (1758) The Nature of True Virtue (1765) Images or Shadows of Divine Things 8. Ann Bradstreet (1612-1672) The first American woman poet A Puritan poet The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650) Contemplations “To My Dear and Loving Husband” “The Flesh and the Spirit” 9. Edward Taylor (12-1729) The most famous poet in the colonial period A meditative poet (baroque); A puritan poet Preparatory Meditations Huswifery Upon a Spider Catching a Fly The Poems of Edward Taylor (1960) The Age of Reason and Revolution 1. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) One of the Founding Fathers of the USA Poor Richard’s Almanac (1732-1758) The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin/Memoirs 2. Thomas Paine (1737-1809) Common Sense (January 10, 1776) The American Crisis (December, 1776) 2 American Literature The Rights of Man The Age of Reason Agrarian Justice 3. John de Crevecoeur (1735-1813) Letters from an American Farmer (1775) (12 letters) 4. John Woolman (1663-1728) Journal “Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes” “A Plea for the Poor” 5. Philip Freneau (1752-1832) Poet of the American Revolution (18th century) The first American-born poet; Father of American poetry Established the National Gazette in Philadelphia in 1791 with Thomas Jefferson’s support The Rising Glory of America The British Prison Ship (1871) To the Memory of the Brave Americans (1871) On the Memorable Victory of John Paul Jones The Indian Burying Ground The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi The Wild Honeysuckle 6. Philis Wheatley (17-1784) The first black woman poet in American literature On Messrs Hussey and Coffin (1770) Poems on Various Subjects (1773) 7. Charles Brockden Brown The first important American novelist Wieland/The Transformation: An American Tale (1798) (first American novel) Edgar Huntly (1799) Ormond (1799) Aurthur Mervyn (1800) The Age of Romanticism The Beginning of American Romanticism 1810 ~ 1840 1. Washington Irving (1783 - 1859) Father of American literature Father of American short story The first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame The first prose stylist of American Romanticism “the American Goldsmith” The History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty (1809) The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent (1819 - 1820) “Rip Van Winkle” “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 3 American Literature The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (1828) A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (1829) The Alhambra (1832) Life of Goldsmith Life of Washington 2. James Fenimore Cooper (17 - 1851) The first important American novist. A master of adventurous narrative and the creator of an American hero-myth The creator of sea novels and the American frontier novels The Spy The Pilot Leatherstocking Tales (Natty Bumpoo) “The Pioneers” (1823) “The Last of the Mohicans” (1826) “The Prairie” (1827) “The Pathfinder” (1840) “The Deerslayer” (1841) New England Transcendentalism 1830 ~ 1850 3. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 - 1882) “Father” of American literature Spokesman of New England Transcendentalism Nature (1836) (Bible of New England Transcendentalism) The American Scholar (1837) (America’s Declaration of Intellectual Independence) Divinity School Address (1838) “The Transcendentalist” “Self-Reliance” Representative Man (1850) English Traits (1856) The Rhodora (1846) 4. Henry David Thoreau (1817 - 1862) Civil Disobedience (1849) (Concord jail experience) Walden/Life in the Woods (Jul. 4, 1845 – Sept. 6, 1847) A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1838) “A Plea for John Brown” American Renaissance 1830 ~ 1860 5. Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 – 18) The most ambivalent writer in American literature history A master of symbolism Salem, Massachusetts Twice-told Tales (1837) Mosses from an Old Manse (1846) “Young Goodman Brown” (1835) “The Minister’s Black Veil” “The Birthmark” “Rappaccini’s Daughter” The Scarlet Letter (1850)

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American Literature The House of the Seven Gables (1851) The Blithedale Romance (1852) The Marble Faun (1860) Fanshawe (1828) 6. Herman Melville (1819 - 11) Received recognition until 1920s Moby Dick/The Wale (1851) (Ishmael, Ahab, Moby Dick) Typee : A Peep at Plynesian Life (1846) Omoo : A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas (1847) Mardi : And a Voyage Thither (1849) Redburn : His First Voyage (1849) White Jacket / The World in a Man-of-War (1850) Pierre / The Ambiguities (1852) The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade (1857) Bartleby the Scrivener (1853) Benito Cereno (1855) Billy Budd (18, 1924) Clarel (1876) 7. Edgar Allan Poe (1809 – 1849) Originator and father of detective story Father of psychoanalytic criticism Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque Fall of the House of the Usher The Murders in the Rue Morgue (1841) The Raven (1844) “Annable Lee” “To Helen” “Alone” “The Tell-Tale Heart” The Philosophy of Composition (1846) The Poetic Principle (1850) 8. Walt Whitman (1819 – 12) A poet of free verse; Transitional figure Leaves of Grass (1855 to 12 nine editions)（12 poems -383 poems) “Song of Myself” (1855) (1336 lines) “O Captain! My Captain!” “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” “I Hear America Singing” 9. Emily Dickinson (1830 - 1886) Of the 1775 poem, only 7 poem were published in her lifetime The Poems of Emily Dickinson (1955 Thomson H. Johnson) “My Life Closed Twice Before Its Close” “Wild Nights – Wild Nights” “Death is a Dialogue Between” “I Reckon When I Count at all” “Tell all the Truth but tell it Slant”

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American Literature William Cullen Bryant (1794 – 1878) “To a Waterfowl” (the most perfect brief poem in the language) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807 – 1882) Post-romanticist The Song of Hiawatha Evangeline Harriet Beecher Stowe abolitionist Uncle Tom’s Cabin The Age of Realism (1865 – 1914) 1. William Dean Howells (1837 - 1920) Champion (arbiter) of literary realism in America The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) Criticism and Fiction (11) Their Wedding Journey A Modern Instance (1882) The Minister’s Charge A World of Chance Annie Kilburn A Hazard of New Fortunes (10) 2. Henry James (1843 - 1916) First modern psychological analyst (Founder of psychological realism) (stream-of-consciousness) Psychological realist The American (1877) Daisy Miller (1878) The Portrait of a Lady (1881) (Isabel Archer) The Turn of the Screw (18) What Maisie Knew The Ambassadors (1903) The Wings of the Dove (1902) The Golden Bowl (1904) The Ivory Tower The Sense of the Past The American Scene Madame de Mauves “The Art of Fiction” Local Colorism 3. Mark Twain (1835 - 1910) Samuel Langhorne Clemens “the true father of our national literature” Local color; colloquial speech; vernacular language; “a boy and an old man, but never was he a man”

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American Literature Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County The Gilded Age (1873) The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) Life on the Mississippi (1883) A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court (18) The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg (1900) The Mysterious Stranger (1916) Autobiography (1924) Innocents Abroad (1869) Roughing It (1872) Pudd’nhead Wilson The Prince and the Pauper (1882) American Claimant (12) Following the Equator Disgraceful Persecution of a Boy Goldsmith’s Friend Abroad Again The Treaty with China To the Person Sitting in Darkness 4. Bret Harte (1836 - 1902) The Luck of Roaring Camp (1868) The Outcasts of Poker Flat Hamlin Garland (1860 - 1940) veritism 真实主义 The Main-Traveled Roads (11)（collection of six short stories) Crumbling Idols: Twelve Essays on Art Dealing Chiefly with Literature, Painting and the Drama (14) The Country of the Pointed Firs (16) Louisa May Alcott Little Women Kate Chopin（1850 --- 1904） The Awakening Naturalism 5. Stephen Crane (1871 - 1900) Pioneer who wrote in the naturalistic tradition Pioneer in the field of modern poetry (Imagist poetry) First American naturalist Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (13) (first naturalistic novel) The Black Riders (15) (poems) The Red Badge of Courage (15) (first anti-war novel) The Blue Hotel An Experiment in Misery Open Boat (17) The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky (18) The Monster “A Man Said to the Universe” “A Man Adrift on a Slim Spar”

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American Literature 6. Benjamin Frank Norris (1870 - 1902) McTeague: A Story of San Francisco (19) The Octopus: A Story of California (1901) The Pit: A Story of Chicago (1903) The Wolf: A Story of Europe The Responsibilities of the Novelist (1903) 7. Theodore Dreiser (1871- 1945) Frank Cowperwood Trilogy of Desire “the world’s worst great writer” Sister Carrie (1900) (Hurstwood) Jennie Gerhardt (1911) The Genius (1915) (autobiographic) The Financier (1912) The Titan (1912) The Stoic (1947) An American Tragedy (1925) The Bulwark (1946) Dreiser Looks at Russia (1928) Tragic American (1931) 8. Edwin Arlington Robinson (1860 - 1935) Man Against the Sky Richard Cory Miniver Cheevy Flammonde 9. Jack London (1876 - 1916) Darwinian naturalist The Call of the Wild (1903) White Fang (1906) The Sea Wolf (1904) The Iron Heel Martin Eden (autobiographic) The Son of the Wolf (1900) 10. O. Henry (1862 - 1910) William Sidney Porter Imitated French writer De Maupassant The Gift of the Magi The Cop and the Anthem An Unfinished Story The Furnished Room The Voice of the City 11. Upton Sinclair (1878 - 16) the Muckraking Movement The Jungle (1906) 8