科学技术进步是推动经济发展的主要动力。企业要在激烈的市场竞争中求得生存和发展，需要不断采用新技术、 创造新成果。 这些都要求加强设备管理，推动生产装备的技术进步，以先进的施工设备和良好的设备状态来保证施工项目的顺利完成，实现企业的长远发展目标。 由此可知，设备管理不仅直接影响租赁企业当前的生产经营，而且关系着企业长远发展和成败兴衰。 租赁企业领导人必须摆正现代设备及其管理在企业中的地位，善于通过不断改善人员素质和设备素质，充分发挥设备效能，为企业创造最好的经济效益和社会效益搞好施工企业机械设备管理工作,对于加快施工进度,提高工作效率,降低劳动强度,增强企业的市场竞争力都有十分重要的现实意义。本文就工程机械化现场管理中存在的问题及其解决措施进行了探讨分析。
The progress of science and technology is the main power to promote economic development. Enterprises want to survive in the fierce market competition and development, need to constantly adopt new technologies, create new results. These are required to strengthen equipment management, promote technical progress of production equipment, with advanced construction equipment and a good condition to ensure smooth completion of the construction project, achieve the long-term development of the enterprise. Therefore, equipment management is not only directly affect the production and operation of leasing enterprise current, and the relationship between the enterprise long-term development and the rise and fall success or failure. Lease enterprise leaders must balance status in modern equipment and management in the enterprise, is good at through improving personnel quality and equipment quality, give full play to the equipment efficiency, for enterprise to create the best
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economic benefits and social benefits in the construction machinery and equipment management work, to speed up the construction progress, improve the work efficiency, reduce labor intensity, the enhancement enterprise market competitiveness has very important practical significance. In this paper, the engineering mechanization field management exist in the analysis of the problems and their solutions are discussed in this paper.
1.工程机械现场管理存在的问题
1. The problems existing in the construction machinery field management
1.1管理机构不健全,管理制度不完善
1.1 management mechanism is not sound, management system is not perfect
⑴ 一个施工企业要搞好机械设备管理工作,需要适当建立和健全相应的管理机构,明确制定各级机构、人员的职责,这是机械设备管理工作顺利进行的组织保证。在施工过程中,工程项目往往点多线长, 设备、人员调动频繁,而施工企业却普遍存在着管理班子不全,人员力量薄弱等现象。
(1) a to improve the mechanical equipment management in the construction enterprises need to establish and improve the corresponding appropriate management organization, clear set up agencies at all levels, personnel responsibilities, this is the mechanical equipment management organization work well. In construction process, project often points more lines long, equipment,
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personnel changes frequently, there is a widespread management team and the construction enterprise is not complete, the phenomenon such as staff strength is weak.
⑵ 相当一部分施工企业缺乏完整、严格的机械设备管理制度,对机械设备的台账、 技术资料档案的建立等工作尚未完善,管理工作无序。有的企业甚至在购买了新设备后,没有及时或根本不入账,造成管理工作相当被动,设备糊涂使用。
2 a considerable part of the construction enterprise is lack of complete and strict mechanical equipment management system, parameter of mechanical equipment, the establishment of the technical data archives work is not perfect, management disorder. Some enterprises even after buying the new equipment, not timely or no billing management work very passive, careless use of equipment.
1．2 设备过度使用现象频繁、严重
1.2 equipment phenomenon of excessive use of frequent and severe
由于市场的激烈竞争和招投标工作的日益规范,施工项目被划分为更多的标段, 工期相应缩短。中标企业为在短时间内完成项目,致使机械设备超负荷运转,短期行为严重,只注意产值与效益挂钩,在设备管理使用上表现为重用轻管,为了赶工期、抢进度而不惜拼设备,造成机械设备常常处于超负荷状况工作；或带病作业,甚至违章操作,其结果是该工程项目完工后,机械设备严重磨损老化；当将其调运到新工程后,需花费大量的精力与费用整修,造成施工工期贻误,项目部之间在维修费用上互相推诿,固定资产无形流失。
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Due to the fierce competition in the market and the bidding work increasingly specification, construction project is divided into more blocks, construction period shortened accordingly. The winning companies to complete the project in a short time, the over load operation of mechanical equipment, short-term behavior is serious, only pay attention to the value and benefits, performance for reuse in equipment management using light tube, in order to catch time, grab the progress at spell equipment, mechanical equipment is usually is in overload condition; Or to work in spite of, even illegal operation, the result is that the project is completed, mechanical equipment wear serious aging; When to ship it to the new project, need to spend a lot of energy and cost of repair, construction period delay, caused by project department between mutual shuffle on maintenance cost, fixed assets, intangible loss.
1.3维修管理工作滞后
1.3 maintenance management lags behind
⑴ 修理场地条件差。由于工程机械流动性大,再加上施工现场工作条件恶劣,一旦工程机械出现故障, 一般是原地拆、修,拆下的零件易锈蚀、损坏或丢失,不易保持零件的清洁,难以保证维修质量。
(1) poor repair site condition. , because of the large engineering machinery liquidity, combined with the working conditions of construction site, once the engineering mechanical malfunction, is generally in situ demolition, repair, remove the parts easy to rust, damage or loss, is not easy to keep the parts clean, hard to
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ensure the quality of maintenance.
⑵ 重修轻改。在工程机械维修过程中。许多单位只是“恢复求原”,不进行必要的技术改造,因而致使老工程机械耗油多,效率低的状况依然存在。
2 to fill light to change. In the process of engineering machinery maintenance. Many units only \"original\" recovery, not necessary technical transformation, thus has the old engineering machinery consumption, the status of the low efficiency still exist.
⑶ 维修技术力量薄弱。目前施工企业存在着维修技术人员数量偏少、流动性大的特点,再加上一些维修技术人员的理论水平偏低, 对一些工程机械的疑难问题难以解决,修理质量难以保证。
(3) maintenance technology strength is weak. At present construction enterprises there is a number of maintenance technicians, large liquidity characteristics, combined with some theoretical level is low, maintenance technicians for some engineering problems difficult to solve, repair quality difficult to guarantee.
⑷ 维修机械化程度低、劳动强度大、检测方法落后。目前在工程机械的维修过程中,主要是凭经验、靠感官来判断故障部位。这些判断方法不但准确率低,而且也很难确定故障程度。
(4) maintenance mechanization degree is low, the labor intensity big,
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backward detection method. Currently in the process of construction machinery maintenance, mainly by experience, our senses to judge the fault position. The judgment method not only accuracy is low, and it is hard to determine the degree of fault.
⑸ 配件供应不及时。目前工程机械存在着品种多、型号杂的特点,再加上作业地域是穷乡僻壤,交通不便,造成工程机械维修配件采购困难、定货周期长,延长了设备停机时间。
5] parts supply not in time. Current construction machinery there are many varieties, the characteristics of the model of mixed, plus homework region is the hinterland, the traffic inconvenience, engineering machinery repair parts procurement difficulties, order cycle is long, extend the equipment downtime.
⑹ 维修的安全性差,事故率高。确保工程机械维修的安全作业, 是工程机械维修中要首先重视的问题。由于一些修理场地的环境较差和一些维修技术人员的安全意识不强,存在发生维修事故的可能性。事故一旦发生,不仅造成工程机械损坏,延误时间,而且容易造成人员伤亡。
[6] maintenance of poor safety, high accident rate. Ensure the safety of the engineering machinery maintenance operations, it is first attaches great importance to the problems in the engineering machinery maintenance. Due to some repair site environment is poor and some repair technical personnel's safety consciousness is not strong, exist the possibility of maintenance and accident. Once the accident, not only cause damage of engineering machinery, delay time, and easy to cause casualties.
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2.提高机械设备管理工作的方法
2. Improve mechanical equipment management methods
2．1 完善管理体制,健全规章制度
2.1 to perfect the management system, improve the rules and regulations
⑴ 建立并完善机械设备管理机构,实行统一规划,专人负责,进行全面的综合管理。努力做到专业管理与群众管理相结合,明确专管和群管人员的职责与权限,充分发挥各级职能人员的积极性。
(1) establish and perfect the mechanical equipment management, unified planning, personnel responsible for, to conduct a comprehensive integrated management. Try to combination of specialized management and mass management, specific charge and the group of staff responsibility and authority, give full play to the functions of personnel at all levels of motivation.
⑵ 贯彻执行定机、定人、定岗位责任的三定制度,让每台机械都有专人负责保管、检修、操作。由于三定制度是机械化施工生产和设备管理工作的基础,其执行的好坏将直接影响到企业劳动生产率、施工安全、机械的完好率与使用率,因此在执行过程中除应配备相应人员外,还需注意不要随意变动其工作岗位,以免影响对机械设备性能的了解与掌握程度。
[2] to carry out machine, person, or post responsibility system of armed, let every machine has a specialist is responsible for the warehousing, maintenance
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and operation. Due to armed system is the basis of the mechanical construction production and equipment management work, the execution of a good or bad will directly affect the enterprise labor productivity, construction safety, integrity rate of the mechanical and utilization, therefore in the process of execution, except the persons shall be provided with corresponding also note don't change their jobs, so as not to affect the degree of understanding and mastering of machinery and equipment performance.
2．2 合理调配使用机械,加强设备使用现场的管理工作
2.2 reasonable deployment of used machinery, to strengthen the management work in the equipment used
设备效能的发挥,关键环节在使用。根据生产任务的特点合理调派机械,是现场管理的一项主要工作。施工企业应在施工现场配备专人负责机械设备在施工面的使用和保养工作,使机械设备始终在完好状态下,发挥最大效能。现场管理人员应负责监督检查操作手是否按操作规程操作,故障是否能得到及时的处理,设备是否得到了充分的利用,保养工作是否及时到位等一系列工作,以避免机械设备的非正常使用和不合理调派。
Equipment performance, the key link in use. According to the characteristics of the production tasks reasonably deploy machine, is a major site management work. Construction enterprises should be in the construction site is equipped with the specialist is responsible for the machinery and equipment in the construction work of the use and maintenance, make the mechanical equipment is in good condition, maximum efficiency. Site management personnel shall be responsible
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for the supervision and check whether the operator is according to the operating instructions operation, fault whether can get timely treatment, whether has made full use of equipment, maintenance work is in place in time and so on a series of work, in order to avoid abnormal use of mechanical equipment and unreasonable seconded.
2．3 优化设备维修管理工作
2.3 optimization of equipment maintenance management work
⑴ 工程机械的维护保养工作。维护保养是保持工程机械完好率, 延长其使用寿命最直接有效的手段之一。应坚持作好工程机械的日常维护保养和定期维护保养工作,落实各项维护保养制度,做到时间、 人员、内容、质量四落实。针对具体环境和工程机械存在的不足,有重点地进行维护,对可能发生的故障,预先采取措施,保证工程机械在出现故障时能及时得到修复。
(1) engineering machinery maintenance work. Maintenance is to keep the engineering mechanical pipe, prolong the service life of one of the most direct and effective means. Should stick to make the daily maintenance of engineering machinery maintenance and regular maintenance work, implement the maintenance system, do four implementation time, personnel, content, quality. In specific environment and the problems of the engineering machinery, and focused on maintenance, for the possibility of failure, take measures in advance, ensure of engineering machinery in the event of a failure to get the repair in time.
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⑵ “自修”与“外修”相结合。由于自身修理条件、修理技术等原因,对于部分技术含量高、价格昂贵的机械设备,不能单凭经验与普通工具进行修理。这些机械设备应采用现代的手段,以经济合理的方法开展维修,实行视情修理法。即视设备的功能、工作环境、磨损大小,在充分了解与掌握其故障情况、损坏情况、技术情况的基础上进行状态维修、项目维修。这样既保证了设备的完好率,在确保正常使用的同时,又能充分发挥设备的最大工作效率,避免机械不坏不修、 坏了又无法修的局面发生。
2 \"self-study\" combined with \"repair\". Due to their own conditions for repair, repair technology, etc, for some high technical content, expensive equipment, not only by experience and common tools for repair. These mechanical equipment should be adopted modern means to economic and reasonable method to carry out the maintenance, the situation and repair method. Namely regards the function of the equipment, working environment, and the size of the wear and tear, fully understand and grasp its fault condition, damage and technology on the basis of status maintenance, project maintenance. Both to ensure the integrity rate of the equipment, at the same time of ensuring normal use, and can give full play to the maximum working efficiency of equipment, avoid mechanical, not bad not bad and can't fix.
⑶ 做好工程机械配件的采购、供应工作。工程机械配件的供应工作,直接影响工程机械的维修进度、质量和成本。做好这项工作,首先要充分了解工程机械的使用情况、技术状况、配件的消耗量和采购供应时间、周期等,然后应协同有关部门,充分掌握近期工程机械的施工和训练任务,根据具体情况编制配件采购计划,力求以最小的库存量,满足工程机械维修过程中对配件的需求。
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(3) to do a good job of procurement, supply construction machinery fittings. Engineering machinery accessories supply work, directly affect the quality of construction machinery maintenance schedule, and cost. Do this job, first to fully understand the usage of engineering machinery, technical conditions, consumption of spare parts supply and procurement time, cycle, etc., and relevant departments should be collaborative, fully grasping the construction of recent engineering machinery and training tasks, prepare spare parts purchasing plan according to specific circumstances, so as to strive for with the minimum inventory, meet the demand of spare parts, engineering machinery repair process.
⑷ 采取积极措施,预防安全事故的发生。主要包括:制定维修作业安全规程,加强维修作业的安全教育,实施维修安全系统工程,使用合格的维修机具,推广维修新工艺等。
(4) to take active measures to prevent safety accidents. Mainly includes: maintenance operation safety regulations formulated, strengthen safety education maintenance operation, implement maintenance safety system engineering, using qualified maintenance machinery, new technology promotion and maintenance etc.
2．4 加大技术培训力度, 选拔优秀设备管理人才
2.4 strengthen technical training, selection of good equipment management talent
⑴ 随着现代科技的不断发展,机械设备也在不断更新换代,其自动化程度将越来越高,
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技术含量也越来越重。它要求管理者要有全新的思想和观念,对机械设备的购置、安装、维修、更新改造等进行有条不紊的综合管理。因此,施工企业要想从根本上提高全体管理和维修人员的专业技术素质,就应采取走出去、请进来、集中培训的方法,加大技术培训力度,选拔和培养一批懂技术、会管理、会核算的一专多能型人才,以满足企业今后的发展需要。
(1) with the continuous development of modern science and technology, machinery and equipment are also constantly upgrading, it will be more and more high degree of automation, technical content is becoming more and more heavy. It requires managers must have the new thoughts and ideas, to machinery and equipment purchase, installation, maintenance, upgrading, etc in an orderly way of comprehensive management. Therefore, the construction enterprises to fundamentally improve the professional and technical quality of the management and maintenance staff, you should take to go out, please come in and focus on training methods, strengthening technical training, selection and training a batch of understand technology, will be management, accounting talent mastering many skills while specializing in one type, to satisfy the business enterprise future development needs.
⑵ 施工企业也可以有重点地组织由设备管理、维修、操作人员共同参加的设备管理研讨会,大家集思广益,出谋献策,形成学技术、 钻业务的氛围。并根据施工的具体情况,采用示范表现、专题讲座、参观学习等形式,及时推广、宣传有实效的经验体会,以点带面,逐步提高企业各级人员的理论知识水平和实际操作技能。
2 construction enterprise can have the key to organize by the equipment management, maintenance, operation personnel to attend the workshop
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equipment management, we put our heads together, propose, forming technology, drilling business atmosphere. And according to the specific situation of the construction, the use of demonstration performance, seminars, study Tours, practical experience, timely promotion, propaganda to point with surface, gradually raise the level of enterprise personnel at all levels of the theoretical knowledge and practical skills.
3.结语
3. The conclusion
工程机械设备管理是机械施工过程连续性的必要保障。做好机械设备的合理配置、科学使用、及时保养、适时维修,降低设备故障发生,提高机械设备的有效利用率,是对工程设备管理工作的必要要求,只有加强设备管理，正确地操作使用、精心地维护保养、进行设备的状态监测、科学地维护管理，使设备处于良好的技术状态。只要我们以科学的态度对待这项工作,就一定能为加强施工现场设备管理、提高经济效益提供有力的保证。
Engineering machinery equipment management is the necessary guarantee of continuity of construction process. Reasonable configuration of mechanical equipment, scientific use, timely maintenance, timely maintenance, reduce equipment failure, improve the effective utilization of mechanical equipment, is the necessary requirement of engineering equipment management work, only to strengthen equipment management, operation correctly and carefully maintenance,
for
equipment
condition
monitoring,
maintenance
and
management scientifically, make the equipment in good technical condition. As
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long as we with scientific attitude towards the work, must be to strengthen the construction site equipment management, improve economic efficiency provide a powerful guarantee.
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