Unit 1-5BOOK4

achieve vt.&vi.

achieve one's goal/successachievement n.make achievements2.

specialist n.

a specialist in historyspecialisze vi.&vt.

specialize in chemistryspecilization n.

special adj./specific adj.specially adv.3.

connection n.

the connection between A and Bmake a connection withhave a/no connection with

in connection (adv.)=get through to sb.in connection with

connect A with/and/to B4.campaign n.&vi.

run/start a campaign for/against/to do5.

behave vi.

behave well/badly

behave like a gentlemanbehave oneself

behavior n. Be on the best behavior6.

shade n.in the shade

put/throw/cast...into/in the shadeCf.shadow n.

The building shades our house.(vt.)7.

be worth sth./doing

be worthy of sth./doing/being done be worthy to do sth./to be doneIt is worthwhile doing/to do sth.8.

observe vt.&vi.

observe sb. do/doingobserve sth. done

observe that ...(=notice/state)

He observed that we would probably have snow that afternoon.observe on sth.(state )

observe silence=keep silence observe the traffic rules(=obey)

observe the Spring Festival/Christmasobservation n.

make an observation on sth./that (=comment on) observatory n.

wacth the stars /the weather/scenery at the observatory9.

respect n.&vt.

show/have respect for sb.lose the respect of

command/win/gain respect

send one's respect to sb.=send one's regards toin every respect

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in this /that respectin no respect

in respect of/to=with respect to=in terms ofvt. respect sb. for sth.

respectable adj.=considerate

respectful adj.=good at finding ways of doing sth.and solving problems respective adj.=separate

be respectful to sb./of sth.10.

argue for

argue against

argue with sb.about sth./over/on sth.argue sb. into doing sth.argue sb.out of doing sth.argue that argument n.

have an argument

11.

crowd in/into (upon sb.)

Dear memories crowded in upon him/into his mind.be crowded within crowds

follow the crowd12.

inspitre sb.to do

inspitre sb.with sth.=inspire sth. in sb.inspire sb. to sth.

The tescher inspired us to (make)greater efforts.The father inspired his son with confidence.= The father inspired confidence in his son.inspiration n.

inspired adj. Inspiring adj.13.

support oneself

support one's family

support one's suggestionsupport one's opinionin support ofsupporter n.14.

look down/up atlook down uponlook up to look on...as15.

refer to

reference n.

in/with reference to...=in connection withwithout reference toreference book

16.

intend to do/doingintend sb.to do

He intended his son to manage the company.intend sth. for sth./sb.intend sth. to do sth.intend sth. as

intend that sb. (should) dohad intended to dointention n.

have no intentio of doing/to do/that

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17.

18.

19.

emergency n.

in an emergency=in case of emergencyan emergency boxemergency measuresconsiderate adj.

be considerate of/to/toward sb.

considerable adj.(of number/extent)an amount ofa considerable expense/differenceconsideration n.

take sth. into considerationconsider doing/how to doconsider sb. to doconsidering (that)deliver vt.

deliver sth. to sb./sp.deliver a speechdeliver a baby

be delivered of a baby=give birth to a babydelivery n.deliverer n.

patterns of sentences

The family ____(be)very big.

The family ____(be)very early risers.

This class____(have)eighteen girls and twenty-five boys.This class____(be)very bright especially in scienc subjects.

The government ____(be)having an important meeting when I got there.The government ____(be)planning further cuts in income tax.It was late, but the audience____(be)still entering the hall.The audience ____(seem)to have enjoyed the concert.

The police ____(be)an organization which protects the public from harm.The police ____(be)poeple who cacth thieves and robbers.

The pubic ____(be)very excited now that the concert hall is finished.It was unfair that the public____(be)not asked for their opinions.

II.1.2.3.4.5.6.

1.

2.

3.

Unit2 BOOK4struggle vi.&n.

struggle for sth./struggle to dostruggle against/with sb./sth.struggle along/on

struggle to one's feeta struggle to do sth.hunger n./v.die of hunger

a hunger for knowledgehunger for/after sb./sth.disturbing adj.disturbed adj.disturb vt.

I'm sorry to disturb you.

Don't disturb the papers on the desk.

I was deeply disturbed and depressed by the news.The letter disturbed me.

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4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.11.

12.

13.

14.

disturbance n.

The building work is creating constant noise,dust and disturbance. expand vt.&vi.

expand on/upon (say more about sth. and add some details)Could you expand on the point?expand one's vocabularyexpand one's business

A child's vocabulary expands through reading.Metals expand when they are heated.expansion n.

Cf. expend v. expensive adj.thanks toowing todue to

because of on account of

rid vt. (rid-rid-ridding)rid the world of hunger

rid yourself of smoking/illnessget/be rid of be satisfied withbe pleased withbe happy withbe content withwould rather

would rather do sth.

would rather sb.did/had done sth.equip vt.

equip sb./sth. with sth.

equipment n. a piece of equipmentexport vt.&n.import vt.&n.confuse vt.

confuse A with B

Be careful not to confuse quantity with quality.confusing adj.confused adj.be confused aboutconfusion n.regret vt.&n.

regret to say/tell/inform ...regret doing sth./sth.live to regretto one's regretbuild up

build sb./oneself up

All the pressure built up and he was off his work for weeks with stress.She's built up a very successful business.lead toresult inbring aboutcause

contribute toaccount for

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15.

16.

17.

II.1.2.3.4.5.6.

focus vi&vt./n.

focus on sth.=concentrate onfocus one's attention onfix one's attention on

attract one's attention todraw one's attention topay one's attention tokeep...free from/ofbe free from/of

It was several weeks before he was completely free of pain.comment vi.&n.comment on/uponmake comments on no comment

Patterns of Sentences

_____(get) water from wet to dry places is necessary.Paul clearly enjoyed _____(learn)about how to farm well.

His father says that he has never regrtted ____(send)his son to study abroad._____(not have)enough food leads to poor healthand,therefore,sickness. Dr. Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvest without____(expand)the area of the fields.

He made an apology for____(his,not,be)able to let me know about it in time.Unit3 BOOK4humour n.

a sense of humorhumourous adj.

content adj./n./vt.

be content with =be satisfied with=be pleased withbe content to do sth.

content oneself/sb. with to one's heart's contentin content and forma contented expression

fortunate adj. fortunately adv.--unfortunately=unluckilyseek one's fortunecome into a fortune make a fortuneastonish vt.

astonishing adj.astonished adj.astonishment n.

to one's astonishmentbe astonished at/by sth.be astonished to do sth.be astonished that

What astonishes sb. is ...particular adj.

be particular about/over sth.

in particular =particularly/especiallybe particular to

eg. The coconut is particular to the Tropics.convince vt.

convince sb./oneself of sth.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

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convince sb. that

convince sb.to do sth.persuade sb. to do sth.

persuade/talk/argue/reason sb.into doing sth.persuade/talk/argue/reason sb.out of doing sth.convincing adj.

a convincing argument/explanation/case7.

direct vt.&vi.

direct sb.to do sth.

direct that sb. (should )dodirect sb.to a place

under the direction of=under one's directionin the direction of=to/towards

in all directions =in every direction directly adv./conj.look directly at sb.

I'll tell him about it directly I see him.(=as soon as)Cf. The train goes direct to Beijing.(adv.)8.

explanation n.

the explanation for sth./doing sth.without explanation

explain sth. to sb.=explain to sb.sth.9.

actor +ess actresshost hostesswaiter waitresssteward stewardessgod goddess

10.

knock into=meet with/come across/run intoknock overknock at/on

knock sb./sth. downknock against knock aboutknock off

11.

be/get caught in a shower/the rain/the traffic jamcatch sb. doing sth.catch/take/get hold ofcatch up with

catch sb.'s eye=attract one's attention12.

whisper vi./vt./n.whisper to sb.

whisper sth. in one's earIt is whispered that13.

pick sth./sb.up

pick up BBC English programmes/English/the roompick some flowers

have one's pocket pickedpick out

14.badly off/wore offwell off/better off15.

react to sth.

eg. Local residents have reacted angrily to the news.reaction n.in reaction to

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16.

17.

18.19.

II.

A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the company'srecent losses.bored adj.

be/get bored to death

be/get bored with sb./sth./doing sth.boring adj.bore vt.

eg. The children quickly got bored with staying in doors.The boring evening made them all bored.a bored expressionoccasion n.

on one occasion=once

on this/that occasion=this/that time

on occasion(s)=from time to time/occasionally

eg. On one occasion, he was found crying in a deserted car park.occasional adj. occasionally adv.star in =play a leading part in cut downcut out cut offcut upcut in

cut across/throughPatterns of Sentences

Joan was sitting in the park.A tall,dark woman____(approach)her,singing loudly.She looked as if she was from a Middle Eastern country,maybe Jordan.Aftre a minute stopped and started____(hit)her own cheek.Joan watched curiosly,____(think)that the woman seemed a little crazy. Suddenly,the woman saw Joan and dashed over to her.Joan then realized that she had misunderstood the woman's actions-she wasn't crazy.She was,on thecontrary,____(ask)for helpto kill a bee!

Unit4 BOOK4represent vt.

He represented his country to take part in the competition.

The association was formed to represented the interests of women artists.The contract represents 20%of the company's revenue(收入).

Each colour on the chart represents a different department.(symboa The carvings represent a hunting scene.(show) representation n..

representative adj./n.curious adj.

be curious about sth./to do

It is curious that...(strange and unusual)curiosity n.

show curiosity aboutout of curiosity

satisfy one's curiosityapproach vt.&n.

We heard a car approaching/the sound of an approaching car.As you approach the town, you'll see the college on the left.

n. The school decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.The club has made an approach to a local company for aponsorship.

have access to sth./in this way to do/by this means of/with this method of

1.

2.

3.

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4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.an

11.

II.1.2.3.4.

defend vt.

defend against/from

All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attack.Cf.They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind.The dog is guarding its owner's luggage against being stolen.defence n. in defence ofmajor adj./v./n.

adj.very large or important;serious

a major road/major international companiesShe majored in history at Stanford.

Her major is French.=She's a French major.He is a major in the US army.

majority n.in the majority of=mostlikely adj.be likely to

It is likely that...

Tickets are likely to be expensive.He is likely to come this afternoon.

It's more than likely that the thieves don't know how much it is worth.adv. most/very likely=very probablyIt's possible for sb. to do sth.It's probable thatin general

generally speakingon the wholeas a wholeease n.&v.stand at ease

put sth. at (one's) easefeel at ease

with ease =easilyease the painease one's mindlose facelose heart

lose control oflose sight of

turn one's back onturn upturn downturn off turn on

turn to sb.for helprank n.&v.

He was soon promoted to the rank of captain.

He rose from the ranks to become a warrant officer.Britain is nolonger in the rank of world powers.

vt. The university is ranked No.1 in the country for engineering.Patterns of Sentences

___(look)away from people or___ (yawn)will,in most cases,make me appear to be uninterested.

The most important thing is____(get)there in time.She sat at her desk____(read)a newspaper.____(finish)their work, they had a rest.

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5.____(be)ill,she went home.

6.____(feel)tired,hw went to bed early.

Unit5 BOOK41.

various adj.

eg.Tents come in various shapes and sizes.variety n.

a (great/wide)variety ofvarieties of

all kinds/sorts/types ofv. vary from...to...vary with

eg. The menu varies with the season.Apples come in a great many varieties.variable adj.

2.

be famous for=be well-known/noted/famed forbe famous as=be well-known/noted/famed asbe famous to=be well-known/noted/famed todistinguished/celebrated adj.

eg.a distinguished career in medichinea celebrated painterfame n.

win/gain/earn famebe eager for fame3.fantasy n. =fancyfantastic adj.4.

amusement n.

to one's amusementdo sth. for amusement

She looked at me in amusement.amuse oneself withbe amused at/with/byamused adj.an amused look

amusing adj.=interesting5.

swing(swung/swung) vi.&vt.

It's bad manners to swing your legs while eating.n. play on the swing6.

attraction n.

He has no attraction for me

Summer Palace is a major tourist attraction.attract vt.

attract sb./one's attention/eyesattractive adj.

7.

(It's)no wonder (that)

It's little/small wonder thatIt's a wonder thatin wonder

vt. wonder at/about(doing)sth.8.

unique adj.be unique to

The koala is unique to Australia.

It's the unique existing example of Tom's handwriting.uniquely adv.

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9.

preserve vt./n.

preserve the tradition/customs

a perfectly preserved 14th-century housepreserve the endangered speciespreserve one's reputation/peacepreserve the fruit in the fridgen.=reserve10.

length n.

The bridge is 200 metres in length/long.at length=in detail or at lastat one's length(out of reach)

at full length=in great detail or stretch oneselflengthen vt.11.

deed n.

do a good/bad deed

His deeds don't agree with his words.I was impressed by his brave deeds.12.

be modelled after/on

The country's parliament is modelled after the British system.model oneself on sb.=follow one's examplen. a model studenta fashion model

He serves as a model for us.13.

minority n.in the minoritythe/a minority ofmajority n.

in the majority

the/a majority of=mostmajor adj./v.minor adj. maximum n.minimum n.14.

advance v.

advance on/upon/towardsadvance the growth of rice

advance sb. to a higher positionadvance the date of the meetingn. in advancein advance of

advanced adj. an advanced worker/advanced mathematics15.

get/be close tokeep close to

sit/stand close to16.

come to lifebribg...to lifecome back to lifefull of life

all one's life=through lifetrue to life

take one's life=kill sb.lay down one's life for17.

admission n.[u]

apply for admission to a school

第 10 页 Unit 1-5BOOK4

gain/obtain admission to/into

on/by one's admission=admitting one's mistake,etc.

18.charge sb. with sth./doing sth.

charge sb.money for sth./doing sth.charge for

Before use,the battery must be charged.We charged at the enemy.in charge of

in the charge oftake charge offree of charge

II.Word formation1.Compounding

blackboard nightfall fantasyland cowboy everywhere

2.Conversion

taste v.--n.hand n.--v.

clean adj.--v.present n.--v.

strong adj.--strengthen v.

3.agree --disagree

limited--unlimitedcomplet--incomplete

understand--misunderstandwrite--rewriterich--enrich

cultural--multiculturalvision--televisionmetre--kilometreaccept--acceptablenation--nationalvillage--villageract--actor

material--materialismentertain--entertaimentmusic--musicianhost--hostesshappy--happinesscollect--collectionmember--membershipbeauty--beautify

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s

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ss.

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abroad.

__(expand)

t it in time.

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ng

maybe Jordan.

en artists.

is method of

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ar