[考研类试卷]2015年四川外国语大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc

一、Word Derivation

1 The______among the allies was no secret to the enemy.(harmony)

2 The situation there was______. Something must be done promptly.(tolerate)

3 This is made of______material.(resist heat)

4 She was a very ______ social scientist. She proved that apart from self-love, there were other basic human instincts.(observe)

5 You can live longest and best and most______by attaining and preserving the happiness of learning.(reward)

6 You think I'm joking? No! I'm in dead______.(earn)

7 Many times he demonstrated his______to other cops.(fear)

8 In modern society, workers are in danger of being______. They become extension of the machine.(human)

9 ______, most of these students studying overseas will come back eventually instead of settling down there permanently.(presume)

10 Nobody knows for sure how much these free official banquets have cost the people, but it must have reached on______figure.(astronomy)

二、Vocabulary

11 The emotional strain of attending his dying mother______all his strength.

（A）sapped

（B）depleted

（C）enervated

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（D）enfeebled

12 The social worker claimed that it was impossible for the old man to live on his______pension.

（A）inadequate

（B）insufficient

（C）meager

（D）skimpy

13 The mystic found it hard, if not impossible, to______his philosophic position.

（A）state

（B）verbalize

（C）communicate

（D）deliver

14 Literary magazines give $ 200______for critical articles from people who want to make a name for themselves in this field.

（A）emolument

（B）remuneration

（C）stipend

（D）honorariums

15 He displayed______ignorance in handling what was an only routine personnel problem.

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（A）opprobrious

（B）deplorable

（C）culpable

（D）regrettable

16 Europeans______the indigenous Indian population they met with.

（A）supplanted

（B）displaced

（C）rectified

（D）renovated

17 Disappointment followed his hopes of______after the costly operation.

（A）rejuvenescence

（B）renascence

（C）rejuvenation

（D）recrudescence

18 He attempts to______the truth by appealing to dishonest, ignorant and irresponsible bigotry.

（A）vitiate

（B）adulterate

（C）contaminate

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（D）pervert

19 The typical ______professor was rapt in solving an equation while crossing against a red light.

（A）inattentive

（B）abstracted

（C）absent-minded

（D）oblivious

20 A newly independent colony was plunged into ______ by warring factions and a lack of central leadership.

（A）riot

（B）anarchy

（C）disorder

（D）disturbance

21 ______parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children succeed.

（A）Nervous

（B）Anxious

（C）Fretful

（D）Farsighted

22 G. B Shaw wondered how parents could wait until their anger cooled in order to ______ their children in cold blood.

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（A）flog

（B）spank

（C）thrash

（D）scourge

23 A______smile that in the next minute turned into an embarrassed blush.

（A）winsome

（B）blithe

（C）cherry

（D）sunny

24 The judge's ruling that political beliefs of the accused were______to the question of his guilt.

（A）extrinsic

（B）superfluous

（C）inessential

（D）immaterial

25 A corrupt public official was______by colleagues afraid of inquires into their own affairs.

（A）palliated

（B）glossed over

（C）whitewashed

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（D）extenuated

26 \"The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it,\" wrote Oscar Wilde, a composer of brilliant______.

（A）mottos

（B）aphorisms

（C）apothegms

（D）epigrams

27 The manager______a clerk whose clumsiness was responsible for the complete breakdown of operations in his department.

（A）rebuked

（B）admonished

（C）reprimanded

（D）reproached

28 They______the mounting evidence of discrepancies in the report as justifying a new investigation.

（A）beckoned

（B）invoked

（C）subpoenaed

（D）conjured

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29 According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, only 25% of those who suffer hip ______ever fully recover; as many as 20% will die within 12 months. Even when patients do recover, nearly half will need a cane or a walker to get around.

（A）frankincense

（B）fragments

（C）fractures

（D）fraction

30 A steady flow of the ______weapons spread its genial influence throughout the

frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.

（A）covetous

（B）coveted

（C）coveting

（D）covet

三、Reading Comprehension

30 Chris Hrapko isn't afraid of tough conversations. As the founder of a nonprofit social-service agency, she battles bureaucracies on behalf of the homeless and the working poor. But there is one conversation Hrapko avoided. When her 92-year-old mother fell and broke her hip earlier this year, Hrapko knew it would affect her

independent mother's living arrangements and health. But Hrapko, 51, was clueless about her mom's wishes. \"We talked about a lot of things,\" she says, \"but we never talked about a future in which my mom faced a problem that could leave her disabled, bedridden or on life support. \"

A recent survey by AARP found that nearly 70 percent of adult children have not talked to their parents about issues related to aging. Some children avoid this most intimate of conversations because they believe their parents don't want to talk. Others think they know what their parents want. And some simply don't want to face the very

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real truth that if you are lucky enough to have parents who live well into their senior years, chances are good that disease, injury, frailty, even loneliness, will affect a parent's well-being.

While it's clear that having a conversation with aging parents is important, there is no blueprint on how to do it well. What works for one family may not work for yours. The key is to be flexible, says Mary Anne Ehlert, founder of Chicago-based Protected

Tomorrows, an advocacy firm for families with special needs. She has found that one of the best ways to get the conversational ball rolling is to talk about your parents' and what they would do if faced with a situation in which people they loved could no longer care for themselves. \" Ask your parents for advice; seek their wisdom in helping you help them,\" Ehlert says.

It's also important for adults to be honest about what they are prepared to do for their parents. As parents age and become frail, many will need help with personal hygiene. It's these kinds of issues that can make the most devoted child balk. \"Before you agree to be a caregiver, make sure you understand what you may be in for,\" says Monika White, president-elect of the National Association of Professional Geriatric Care Managers. \" Adult children need to acknowledge their own limitations and then be prepared to make some type of arrangement for the things they simply can't do. \"

Realize that there is no such thing as one conversation about aging. \" No one resolves the future in one afternoon of talk,\" says psychologist Brian Carpenter of Washington University in St. Louis. \"It's a process. \" One strategy is to schedule time to talk about a specific subject, such as wills or living arrangements.

31 According to the first paragraph, Chris Hrapko______.

（A）avoided talking about the issue of aging with her mother

（B）realized that her mother wanted to talk to her about the future life

（C）believed that her mother didn't want to talk to her about the aging issue

（D）knew that the injury would cause her mother lonelier than before

32 Many adult children have not talked to their parents about aging not because______.

（A）some children think that their parents don't want to talk

（B）some children believe that they know their parents well

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（C）some children are not lucky enough to have parents who live well into their senior years

（D）some children shun the reality that their parents need help

33 We can learn from paragraph 3 that______.

（A）Chris Hrapko needs to seek advices from the expert and follow them step by step

（B）Talking about your parents' personal values may make the conversation disputable

（C）It is unadvisable to talk about your parents' future life where you cannot take care of them

（D）talking with your parents about their aging but find an appropriate way

34 The underlined word \"balk\"(Para. 4)most probably means______.

（A）lazy

（B）stop

（C）joy

（D）disappoint

35 Which of the following is true of the text?

（A）Chris Hrapko's mother refused to talk about the future problem with her daughter.

（B）Mary Anne Ehlert advised people to communicate with their parents on their own way.

（C）Monika White thought that if people cannot meet their parents' need, they cannot be a good caregiver.

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（D）Brian Carpenter suggested that people should spend more time in communicating with their parents.

35 Less than five years ago. Scottish Opera was trapped in a financial quagmire from which few thought it could recover. Today, however, the national company seals its comeback by announcing its most wide-reaching program to date. In an interview with The Times, Alex Reedjik, general director of Scottish Opera, explained that a series of collaborations with other companies would enable it to maximize its output without compromising its budget. He admitted that the partnerships were borne of

financial necessity, but argued they would allow the company to reach greater audiences than ever before. \"Collaborations are the way forward,\" he said. \"We have often done co-productions in the past but they are more important to us now to enable us to achieve all of our hopes. The problem is that sets are very expensive. If you can share those costs with another organization and not impact on artistic integrity, that is a positive, welcome and necessary thing.

Highlights of the 2009-10 season will include a new co-production with New Zealand Opera of Rossini's The Italian Girl in Algiers, and a joint venture with Opera North The Adventures of Mr. Broucek, by Leos Janacek, featuring a 40-strong choir singing Hussite hymns, along with bagpipes and an organ. An unashamedly Italianate season this Autumn begins with a revival of Giles Havergal's popular 1994 production of The Elixir of Love. There will also be a revival of the Tony-award winning director Stewart Laing's production of Puccini's La Boheme.

The turnaround in the company's fortunes is striking. In 2005, the year before Mr. Reedjik joined the organization, Scottish Opera was forced to make half of its staff, including the entire chorus , redundant and abandon its main-scale productions for a season after accumulating debts of a-round ￡4.5 million. The company's core grant, which at that time came from the Scottish Arts Council(it is now funded directly by the government)had not risen for several years. However, it had also haemorrhaged funds by staging the hugely expensive Ring Cycle, and according to some critics , had been overspending on props, with rumors of cast members wearing ￡ 300 designer shoes. A ￡ 7 million rescue package put together by the then Labor-led Scottish Executive saved the company from going dark on a permanent basis, but the ease with which it almost went under forced a rethink of priorities. While the company continues to stage several major productions each season, it has also introduced smaller touring works—the acclaimed Five: 15 series—which pairs leading writers with composers to create 15-minute chamber pieces that could be developed into longer productions. The aim, says Mr. Reedjik, is to put on as much opera in Scotland as possible without

breaking the bank. So far the strategy seems to be working, with audiences averaging at around 95 ,000 people in the past three years, a rise of almost 50 per cent compared with

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2004 -05, the season before the company went dark. \"What we are trying to do now is live within our means and raise as much as possible from philanthropic means,\" said Mr. Reedjik. \" We seemed to have dropped out of the news for dumb stuff—now we're in the news for our interesting work. \"

36 This text is probably abridged from______.

（A）a story

（B）a speech

（C）an argumentation

（D）an interview

37 The phrase \"compromising its budget\"(Line 5, Para. 1)probably means______.

（A）agreeing on the principles

（B）increasing the financial expanses

（C）reaching the financial standards

（D）promising a higher income

38 It can be inferred from the last sentence in Paragraph 1 that______.

（A）the quality of artistic performances may be worsened for lack of necessary funding

（B）sharing the cost of sets can help the Scottish Opera out of financial difficulty

（C）the series of collaborations with other companies have maximized the Scottish Opera's output

（D）it's important for audience to hold a positive view on such co-productions

39 The fact that \"the ease ... forced a rethink of priorities\"(Line 2-3, Para. 4)suggests that______.

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（A）the company makes great efforts in advocating its major productions

（B）the company hires only the prestigious writers and composers to create works

（C）the company tries its hand in producing shorter touring works

（D）the company seeks for more funding from the local political party

40 The best title for this article is______.

（A）Collaboration Helps Revive Scottish Opera

（B）A Rethink of Priorities in Productions

（C）Turnaround in the Company's Fortunes

（D）Persistence of Artistic Integrity Reading Passage 3

40 Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why we should, Like, Cure, John Mcwhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, see the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.

Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. Mcwhorter's an academic specialty is language

history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of \"whom\" , for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss the case-endings of Old English.

But the cult of the authentic and the personal, \"doing our own thing,\" has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960's even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.

Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. Mcwhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the

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question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.

Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. Mcwhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical educational reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English \"on paper plates instead of china\". A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.

41 According to Mcwhorter, the decline of formal English ______.

（A）is inevitable in radical education reforms

（B）is but all too natural in language development

（C）has caused the controversy over the counter-culture

（D）brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s

42 The word \"talking\"(Line 6, Para. 3)denotes______.

（A）modesty

（B）personality

（C）liveliness

（D）informality

43 To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?

（A）Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.

（B）Black English can be more expressive than standard English.

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（C）Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.

（D）Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.

44 The description of Russians' love of memorizing poetry shows the author's______.

（A）interest in their language

（B）appreciation of their efforts

（C）admiration for their memory

（D）contempt for their old-fashionedness

45 According to the last paragraph, \"paper plates\" is to \"china\" as______.

（A）temporary is to \"permanent\"

（B）radical is to \"conservative\"

（C）functional is to \"artistic\"

（D）humble is to \"noble\"

45 The phenomenon of stress has been widely discussed and referred to as one of the central problems of our age. Globalization and the improved technology it brings only seems to make this problem worse, creating more options while at the same time making our lives more complex. Closely bound up with stress is the problem of \"time famine\". In Britain, for example, the combination of the longest working hours in Europe and the highest proportion of working women in Europe means people have less and less time to themselves. Add to this the rise in the number of single-person households and the work ethic promoted by successive governments since the early eighties and it becomes easy to see why time is now at a premium for so many of us.

One response to this has come from the USA, so often the forerunner in what is fashionable, in the form of lifestyle management. This involves hiring a company to repair the house, do the shopping and a host of other time consuming tasks. Some

analysts insist that the management of people's time could be big business in the next 10

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years. In the USA lifestyle management companies have been around for a while but now it seems that the British are keen to use them too.

What most potential customers want is quality time. This means taking away the day to day hassles connected with running our lives. Whereas in the past there always seemed to be time for arranging private lives and keeping up with everyday demands of house, health, children or holidays, nowadays the work obsessed population, tied to the office, do not appear to be able to cope with such inconveniences. In other words, people require a separate Personal Assistant for their lifestyle!

The jury is out, however, as to whether this new service is beneficial or not. Being constantly pressed for time is undoubtedly stressful and what could be better than relieving such pressures by offloading some of our more mundane tasks on a willing helper? Perhaps this can also be a way to ensure that you get quality service:. It is often said that a large part of Britain's service sector aims purely and simply at short term profit in return for bad quality goods and poor service. If you put experts in charge of finding a good plumber at a reasonable rate you can at least be assured that your leaking pipes will be fixed properly.

This raises an important question, however. Is it really good for us to create more time to spend at work when we are already exhausted from working long hours? It may be far more important to take control of our private lives ourselves and in so doing relieve stress by giving ourselves a proper escape from the cares of the work-place. After all, if you do not have time to look after your own home and to organize your own life, then, just

maybe, you have got your priorities wrong. There may be one reason why, in the end, the lifestyle management business will not take off in the UK and that is the inherendy

conservative nature of the British. To really embrace this new concept we might all need to rethink our lives!

46 The writer suggests that stress______.

（A）is the most important problem of modern life

（B）is caused by technology and globalization

（C）can be made worse because of too many choices

（D）can be less if we had more time to spend at work

47 \"time is at a premium\"(line 8, paragraph 1)probably means that______.

（A）the longer we work, the less important time is

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（B）time has become harder and harder to find

（C）people have more free time in America than in Britain

（D）saving time is a fashionable lifestyle trend

48 According to the text, most potential customers______.

（A）do not have a personal assistant in their offices

（B）are too lazy to organize their private lives

（C）have problems coping with the demands of daily living

（D）enjoy the way of spending more time at work

49 What is true of lifestyle management companies according to the author?

（A）They will definitely become important even it takes time to accept them.

（B）They are not interested in long-term relationships with customers.

（C）They benefit the customers by giving a cheap way of saving time.

（D）They have expertise in getting the right people to do jobs for their clients.

50 The author probably believes that the British______.

（A）will accept the need for lifestyle management companies

（B）have to give careful thought to their way of life

（C）should turn to experts when dealing with specific problems

（D）should be well trained with a good work ethic Reading Passage 5

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50 Shopping used to be nothing more than a way of obtaining food, clothing and other necessities of life. Today, however, shopping symbolizes the materialistic culture of western society and its popularity as a leisure activity reflects the rise of consumerism.【R1】______Having more money has meant spending patterns have changed. While traditional models of economic behavior assume that consumers are rational and weigh up the costs and benefits before making a purchase, anyone who has ever walked into a shop and left five minutes later with a new jacket and 180 less in their wallet knows that this theory does not always hold true.

【R2】______Her research on consumer behavior identified impulsive buying as an attempt by shoppers to bolster their self-image, particularly for those who suffered from so-called compulsive buying or shopping addiction, a condition that affects 2 to 5 per cent of adults in the West.

The three-year study compared excessive buyers to a similar group of ordinary

consumers. Excessive shoppers were more materialistic and believed that buying goods was a pathway to success, happiness and identity. \" Excessive buying is a coping strategy to fill the gaps between how shoppers feel about themselves and the person they want to be,\" Dr Dittmar said.【R3】______Her research also reveals that certain types of goods are more likely to be bought on impulse than others. Those most frequently reported—clothes, jewellery, ornaments—are closely related to self-image and appearance. This finding is contrary to usual theories about impulse shopping, which explain it as a short-term gratification winning out over longer-term concerns such as debt.

【R4】______In other words, shoppers were more willing to wait for \"low impulse\" goods such as kitchenware, than they were for clothes or other \"high impulse\" items. However, it was found that some of the 60 consumers asked to maintain a shopping diary for the study often regretted their impulsive purchases. Dr Dittmar said, \"When people had explicitly bought for self-image reasons, regret was more likely to occur. \"

But this finding was ambiguous because shopping addicts were more motivated by self-image than ordinary shoppers and were more likely to regret their actions. \"It's not quite clear which way round this relationship goes, but there is a link between being very concerned with self-image goods and regretting impulse buying. \" The conclusions drawn by Dr Dittmar about the treatment of compulsive shoppers are that prescribing anti-depressant drugs might solve the problem but only as long as sufferers continue to take them. Instead, they needed therapeutic help to address the underlying causes such as poor self-image.

【R5】______\"In no sense do these people directly force anyone to buy anything. But they are very sophisticated, making advertisements and shopping environments very seductive and playing on the idea that if you buy product X you will be much more attractive. \"

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A. Dr. Dittmar said that the idea that consumers' impulsiveness differed, depending on the type of goods, was also supported by the finding that shoppers were less willing to delay gratification for items bought on impulse.

B. But there are pitfalls, such as debt and addiction to buying. Addicts shop for shopping's sake rather than to buy what they need.

C. Helga Dittmar, senior lecturer in psychology at Sussex University, has found that consumer goods are the material symbols of who a person is and who they would like to be.

D. Her research also raises questions over the methods used to attract shoppers and encourage them to buy. Although advertisers and retailers increasingly appeal to

consumers' self-image, Dr Dittmar said it was very difficult to argue that these factors were responsible for compulsive shopping.

E. Although there were other ways of dealing with poor self-image, such as over-exercising or alcoholism , she said that shopping had become one of the most important strategies. This was especially true for women, who were three times more likely to be compulsive shoppers than men, as shopping was a socially approved activity, and allowed those who do not go out to work to get out of the house, Dr. Dittmar said. F. Women make the majority of buying decisions—estimates anywhere from 60 - 80% and growing. Despite these facts, some industries have created frustrating walls and barriers failing to cater to the buying characteristics women are looking for.

G. This has been made possible by the 75 per cent increase in disposable income in the past 20 years. The number of credit cards in use has more than quadrupled, and the amount of outstanding consumer debt has almost tripled in the same period.

51 【R1】

52 【R2】

53 【R3】

【R4】

55 【R5】

55 In the grip of a bubble mentality, we—as investors, consumers and businesses—blithely assumed risk and convinced ourselves it was perfectly safe to do so. We bought houses with no money down, took on huge amounts of debt and let the booming stock and housing markets perform the heavy lifting of saving. After all, new technologies, securitization and derivatives permitted financial wizards to slice, dice, sell—and,

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ultimately, banish—any type of risk. But the intellectual scaffolding surrounding that culture of debt and risk has fallen along with the stocks of Citigroup and AIG. And now the Zeitgeist has spun 180 degrees. Squeeze your nickels, slash debt, stop gambling. 【R6】______Those are the $4 trillion questions. Earlier this decade, we transitioned effortlessly from the dotcom bubble to a housing and credit bubble, which suggests a powerful resiliency. But financial trauma can leave deep scar tissue, as it did after the Great Depression.

It's tempting in this period of contraction to mimic Thoreau, to live simply and

deliberately. But if we lose our penchant for gain and risk, we'll lose some of the essence of what makes us American. Economists warn that if we don't manage to jolt the economy back to life soon, we run

the risk of repeating Japan's \"lost decade\" of the 1990s. Would that be so bad?【R7】______ But America is different. Thanks to our continually rising population, we need significant growth just to maintain our standards of living—and the health of our democracy.

Saving cash and building up reserves is a necessary first step to recovery. But

eventually the mountain of cash has to be put to work. Last week's sharp market rally was certainly a sign—however fleeting it may turn out to be—that investors are putting money to work again.【R8】______

Between 1996 and 2007, according to the Kauffman Foundation, about 0. 3 percent of the adult population started a new business each month, or about 495 ,000 per month.【R9】______In recent years, many new businesses have been financed through retirement savings, second mortgages and credit-card debt. None of those three sources of funding is particularly deep now. Even so, layoffs can prove a powerful spur to entrepreneurship.

The new ethos of thrift, which is as much about efficiency and sustainability as it is about penny-pinching, may have significant commercial applications—beyond green roofs. Startups in wind power and smart-grid technology are still finding sources of funding. Small enterprises that install solar panels and conduct energy audits are expanding.【R10】______

The markets, and the economy as a whole, are continually buffeted by the twin forces of fear and greed. For the past year, fear has clearly had the upper hand. But over time, as fear subsides, our inborn instincts to improve our lot—Adam Smith would call it self-interest—will make a comeback.

A. They, and other businesses, will benefit from measures in the recently passed stimulus package to weatherize homes, and make government buildings more energy-efficient. B. After all, while Japan endured a prolonged period of slow growth, nobody starved, there was no social unrest in the aging country, and its biggest companies continued to innovate.

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C. Until America emerges from its bunker, the global economy—facing its first year of contraction since World War II—is likely to remain moribund.

D. Is this era of thrift a temporary phenomenon? Will we revert to our risk-taking selves as soon as we latch on to the next New, New Thing?

E. But investing during slack times requires a leap of faith. It's possible that all we need is another bout of enthusiasm to jolt the nation out of its torpor.

F. There's no reason to think such entrepreneurial activity will decline in this recession, although there are some barriers.

G. Even so, layoffs can prove a powerful spur to entrepreneurship. Last October, Susan Durrett was laid off from her job at a San Francisco-based architecture firm.

56 【R6】

57 【R7】

58 【R8】

59 【R9】

60 【R10】

60 Questions 61 -65 are based on the following reading passage. The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 61 - 65, you are required to

recognize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. Paragraph 1 and paragraph 5 have been placed for you in Boxes.A. To begin with, moral values in America are like those in any culture. In fact, many

aspects of morality are universal. But the stories and traditions that teach them are unique to each culture. Not only that, but also culture influences how people show these

virtues.B. Do Americans have any morals? That's a good question. Many people insist that ideas about right and wrong are merely personal opinions. Some voices, though, are calling Americans back to traditional moral values. William J. Bennett, former U. S. Secretary of Education, edited The Book of Virtues in 1993 to do just that. Bennett suggests that great moral stories can build character. The success of Bennett's book shows that many Americans still believe in moral values. But what are they?C. Another virtue Americans respect is perseverance. Remember Aesop's fable about the turtle and the rabbit that had a race? The rabbit thought he could win easily, so he took a nap. But the turtle finally won because he did not give up. Another story tells of a little train that had to climb a steep hill. The hill was so steep that the little train had a hard time trying to get over it. But the train just kept pulling, all the while saying, \"I think I can, I think I can.

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\" At last, the train was over the top of the hill. \"I thought I could, I thought I could,\" chugged the happy little train.D. One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty. The well-known legend about George Washington and the cherry tree teaches this value clearly. Little George cut down his father's favorite cherry tree while trying out his new hatchet. When his father asked him about it, George said, \"I cannot tell a lie. I did it with my hatchet. \" Instead of punishment, George received praise for telling the truth. Sometimes American honesty—being open and direct—can offend people. But Americans still believe that \"honesty is the best policy. \"E. In no way can this brief description cover all the moral values honored by Americans. Courage, responsibility, loyalty, gratitude and many others could be discussed. In fact, Bennett's best seller—over 800 pages—highlights just 10 virtues. Even Bennett admits that he has only scratched the surface. But no matter how long or short the list, moral values are invaluable. They are the foundation of American culture and any culture.F. Compassion can even turn into a positive cycle. In the fall of 1992, people in Iowa sent truckloads of water to help Floridians hit by a hurricane. The next summer, during the Midwest flooding, Florida returned the favor. In less dramatic ways, millions of Americans are quietly passing along the kindnesses shown to them.G. Compassion may be the queen of American virtues. The story of \"The Good Samaritan\" from the Bible describes a man who showed compassion. On his way to a certain city, a Samaritan man found a poor traveler lying on the road. The traveler had been beaten and robbed. The kind Samaritan, instead of just passing by, stopped to help this person in

need.Order:

65 Questions 66 - 70 are based on the following reading passage. You are going to read a list of headings and a text about E-Commerce. Choose the most suitable headings from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph(66 - 70). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. A. History of E-Commerce

B. The function of E-Commerce C. Disadvantages of E-Commerce D. Economic Impact

E. Advantages of E-Commerce F. The Future of E-Commerce

Electronic commerce or E-Commerce has developed very rapidly in the last few years and has left some people wondering what it is all about. \" Most people think E-Commerce is just about buying and selling things over the Internet. \" E-Commerce is a broad term describing the electronic exchange of business data between two or more organizations' computers. Some examples might be the electronic filing of your income tax return, on-line services like Prodigy, and on-line billing for services or products

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received. E-Commerce also includes buying and selling any item over the Internet , electronic fund transfer, smart cards, and all other methods of conducting business over digital net-works. 【R11】______

Electronic commerce was built on a foundation that was started more than 125 years ago with Western Union's money transfer as an example of telegraph technology. In the early 1900s the advent of credit cards as a payment system revolutionized the process of automated commerce functions. In the mid 1980s the introduction of the ATM card was the latest improvement to electronic commerce. The Internet was conceived in 1969 when the Department of Defense began funding the research of computer networking. The Internet, as a means for commerce, did not become reality until the 1990s. Before this time, it was mainly a tool for the army, and a research device for some American universities. Its popularity grew when it proved to become a fast and efficient means to conduct long distance transactions, as well as an effective way to distribute information. 【R12】______

Clearly, E-Commerce will change the face of business forever. Companies that are thousands of miles away can complete business transactions in a matter of seconds as well as exchange information. Without a doubt, the Internet is ushering in an era of sweeping change that will leave no business or industry untouched. In just three years, the Net has gone from a playground for nerds into a vast communications and trading center where some 90 million people swap information or do deals around the world. 【R13】______

The primary advantage that E-Commerce possesses is speed. The Internet and World Wide Web give businesses opportunities to exchange messages or complete transactions almost instantaneously. By using the Internet, marketing, distribution, personnel, phone, postage and printing costs, among many others, can he reduced. You can start doing business in cyberspace for as little as $ 100. Cyberspace knows no national boundaries. That means you can do business all over the world as easily as you can in your own neighborhood. 【R14】______

A potential source of trouble is customer concerns with privacy and security. The concern regarding Internet security and privacy is that unscrupulous hackers can capture credit card or checking account data as it is transferred or break into computers that hold the same information. E-Commerce is based on the assumption that the participants will pay for what they buy. There has been a noted reluctance among Internet users to actually pay, particularly for the digital goods and services. As a result, much of the current

business on the Internet is funded using business models other than user-pays, primarily advertising and sponsorship. 【R15】______

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Rest assured the future of E-Commerce is intact and ever changing. \"Like electricity, antibiotics, or the car, the Internet is a revolutionary technology. \" It is quite evident that E-Commerce is only gaining speed. With Internet traffic doubling every 100 days the digital economy is alive and growing. The huge growth of virtual communities is causing shifts in economic power from large corporations to smaller businesses. With many of the technological advances in the banking, on-line trading and retail industries, E-Commerce will soon become the foundation of our life just as radio, telephone and television have in the past.

With the steady growth of the Internet, and the fact that every year more and more families are plugging in and surfing the web, can a company survive without the use of the Internet and E-Com-merce? Probably, but not for long. The Internet and E-Commerce are here to stay, so businesses can either change with the times, or get left behind. The choice is theirs to make.

66 【R11】

67 【R12】

68 【R13】

69 【R14】

70 【R15】

四、Writing

71 you are supposed to write according to the following situation:

In the past, a university could expel regular students if they got married during their studies. This ban has compelled students who were contemplating marriage or got

pregnant to make painful choices—to give up study or delay marriage or have an abortion. But, since 2003 , more than 70 universities on the Chinese mainland had lifted the

marriage ban to give the green light to student couples who want to marry. People have different opinions on this issue. What do you think of it? Requirements: Write on the ANSWER SHEET an essay of about 400 words to expound clearly your viewpoint on the issue. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your thesis

statement is. In the second part, give appropriate details or reasons to support your thesis statement. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.

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Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

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