1. Walking through my train yesterday, staggering from my seat to the buffet and back, I counted five people reading Harry Potter novels.
昨天在地铁上，我摇晃着在座位和餐室之间走了个来回，看到有五个人在读《哈里·波特》小说。
2. It was as if I had wandered into a John Wyndham scenario where the adults' brains have been addled by a plague and they have returned to childishness, avidly hunting out their toys and coloring-in books.
我仿佛是走在约翰·温德汉姆的小说中。那里的成人被瘟疫搞坏了大脑，他们回到了童年，热切地搜寻着玩具和彩色书本。
3. Maybe that would have been understandable. If these people had jumped whole-heartedly into a second childhood it would have made more sense.
这也许是可以理解的。如果这些人全身心地投入了第二次童年就更说得 过去了。 4. But they were card-carrying grown-ups with laptops and spreadsheets returning from sales meetings and seminars. Yet they chose to read a children’s book.
但他们是成年人，是揣着信用卡，拎着手提电脑，带着各种电子表格，刚刚出席完销售会议和研讨会的成年人。然而他们选择了阅读儿童书籍
5. I don’t imagine you’ll find this headcount exceptional. You can no longer get on the London Tube and not see a Harry Potter book, and I presume the same is true on the Glasgow Metro or the Manchester trams, or the beaches of Ibiza or clubs of Ayia Napa. 我不会想象你觉得我这次清点人数有什么异乎寻常。（如今）你登上伦敦地铁势必会看到《哈里·波特》一书，而且我想，不管是在格拉斯哥的地铁中还是在曼切斯特的电车上，或是在伊比沙（地中海西部岛屿）海滨，或在是阿伊亚纳帕（塞浦路斯度假胜地）夜总会，情形都是一样。
6. Who told these adults they should read a kids’book? Do we see them ploughing through Tom’s Midnight Garden? Of course not; if you suggested it they would rightly stare, bemused,and say, “Isn’t that a kids’book? Why would I want to read that? I’m 37/42/63”. 谁说这些成年人应该读儿童书籍的？他们会埋头苦读《汤姆的午夜花园》（英国作家菲利帕·皮尔斯的儿童小说）吗？当然不会，如果你建议他们去读，他们会理直气壮地瞪着你，困惑不解地说：“那不是小孩子看的吗？ 我干嘛要读它�我已经37/42/63”。 8. Nor is it just the film; these throw-back readers were out there in droves long before the movie campaign opened. Warner Brothers knows it can’t hope to recoup its reputed $100m costs through ticket sales to children alone. But the adult desire to tangle with Harry, Hermione and Voldemort existed long before the director Chris Columbus got his hands on the story.
也不仅是因为电影；早在《哈里·波特》电影开始宣传之前就已经有了返老还童的读者群。华纳兄弟公司知道不可能光从面向儿童的票房收入中收回传闻的一亿美元拍摄成本。在导演克里斯·哥伦布对小说动手脚之前�希望能和哈里、赫敏以及伏地魔（均为《哈里·波特》中的人物）打打交道的成人需求早已存在了 。
9. So who are those adult readers who have made JK Rowling the second-biggest female earner in Britain (after Madonna)? As I tramped along streets knee-deep in Harry Potter paperbacks, I’vementally slotted them into three groups.
这些使J.K罗琳成为英国收入第二高的女人（仅次于麦当娜）的成人读者究竟是些什么？踏
在被平装本《哈里·波特》深深掩埋的街道上，我暗自把他们划分为三种类型。
11. Ever since the invention of moving pictures, the written word has struggled to be as instantaneously exciting. 自从活动画面发明问世以来，书面文字就一直努力想要达到跟它一样令人一见倾心。书面文字有许多超越电影的长处，但它永远也无法具有电影的吸引力。
12. If it takes obsession-level hype to lure them into a book shop, that’s fine by me. 如果需要迷人的广告宣传把他们引诱进书店�我看也不错。 13. It has certainly worked at schools, especially for boys, whose reading has clearly taken an upward swing— for this alone, Rowling deserves her rewards.
这在学校当然很奏效，尤其是男孩来说，他们的阅读量有了明显的上升— 仅仅因为这一点罗琳就无愧于她所获得的奖项。
14. It’s infuriating, it’s maddening, it sends me ballistic.
这让人恼怒，让人疯狂，气得我浑身发抖。
15.Yes, I’m a writer myself, writing difficult, unreadable, hopefully unsettling novels, but there are so many other good books out there, so much rewarding, enlightening, enlarging works for adults; „
是的，我自己就是个作家，写作晦涩难懂的，最好能让人不安的小说。但还有那么多别的好书，给大人看的那么有益的，启人心智，长人见识的小说类作品。
17. and yet these sad cases are swept along by the hype, the faddism, into reading a children’s book. Put like that, it’s worse than maddening, it’s pathetic.
这些无可救药的人在广告宣传和赶时髦心理的驱使下，去读一本儿童书籍。这样说来，这比疯狂还要糟糕，这简直是太可悲了
21. ...that they are successful precisely because they appeal so directly to the childish imagination, address the problems and questions of childhood, enact the hopes and dreams of childhood. Now this is a completely different set of questions from those that mesmerize us in adult life.
其成功之处正是在于它们直接吸引住儿童的想象，讨论儿童时期的问题，展现儿童的梦想和愿望。这些问题和占据成年人头脑的问题是完全不同的。
22. A child is free to wonder about magic, to believe in the clear purity of the struggle between good and evil, to bask in simple, unquestioning friendships. As adults, we deal with the constantly muddled nature of good and evil, we carry a responsibility for the safety of others, we crave success and fear failure, we confront the reality instead of dreams. 孩子们可以任意想象有关魔法的事情，可以相信善恶斗争的绝对纯粹，可以尽情沐浴在那天真无邪，绝对信任的友情中。作为成年人，我们要对付总是迷惑难辨的善恶天性，我们要对他人安全承担责任，我们渴望成功，恐惧失败，我们面对的是现实而非梦想。
23. And this is why different books are written for these two tribes. When I read a novel, I look to it to tell me some truths about human life—the truths that non-fiction cannot reach.
这就是为什么不同的书是分别写给儿童和成人看的。读小说的时候，我指望它能告诉我一些人类生活的真理—非小说类作品所不能触及的真理。
24. I cannot hope to come closer to any of these truths through a children’s novel, where nice clean white lines are painted between the good guys and the evil ones, where magic exists, andwhere there are adults on hand to delineate (show/describe) rules. Adult fiction is about a world without rules.
我不能指望儿童小说能让我在（接近真理）这方面有任何收获。(—discussion) 在儿童小说
里面，有清晰整齐的白线画在好人与坏蛋之间，有魔法，有在场制定规则的大人。而成人小说中是无规则的世界。
25. There are plenty of books that have little or nothing genuinely to say about the human condition, but at least they are constructed from the building bricks of adult experience—there are sexual tensions in the evil, there is a dubiety between the good guys and the bad, there is an understanding of complex human psychologies. 有许多的书，其中没有或几乎没有任何地方真正谈到了人类的状况，但至少它们由成年人体验的砖块来建构的—其中存在有害的性焦虑，模糊的正邪界限和对人类复杂心理的认识。 26. Even the flimsiest of science fiction or the nastiest of horror stories or the most intricate of spy novels uses this as the mortar (灰泥,砂浆 ) to bond together its narrative.
即便是最天花乱坠的科幻小说、最荒诞无稽的恐怖小说和最错综复杂的间谍小说也都用这些元素作为粘合叙述的灰泥。
27. To read a children’s book is not escapism — it’s evasion, it’s retreat, it’s surrender. 阅读儿童书籍不是逃避现实的空想主义—是消极遁世，是退缩，是投降。
28. Of course, we have all read similar books out loud to our children and enjoyed the experience, possibly enjoyed the book itself—only because we were vicariously enjoying it through them. 的确，我们都会把类似的书大声念给孩子听并以此为乐，甚或许是以书籍本身为乐—但这仅仅是因为我们乐孩子之乐。
29. This is one of the few untouchable pleasures of parenting; to live and relive experiences through your children, whether book or film or music.
这是一种为人父母难以言语的天伦之乐，通过孩子去体验和回味这些东西，无论是书籍、影片还是音乐都好。
30. Of course not; it might be seen as rather sad, if not downright suspect. 当然不会，别人会觉得你很可悲�如果不是很可疑的话。
31. When the adult crossover first began, I remember a friend who works in the City covering his embarrassment by saying he had got so wrappedup in it while reading to his kids that he had to finish it alone in bed that night. At least, in those early days, he knew it was shaming to read a kids’ book.
当这股成人读儿童书籍的风气刚刚开始的时候，我记得一个伦敦商业区工作的朋友说他在给孩子读这本书时被它迷得如痴如醉，以致当晚不得不自己在床上一口气把它读完。他说这些是想掩饰尴尬，至少在早期他知道读孩子的书不是什么光彩的事情。
32. Now we have the appalling spectacle of City brokers and merchant bankers block-booking seats in cinemas for their staff outings.
现在却出现了纽约经济区的经纪人和商业银行家们为员工(集体)活动成批预订影院座位的骇人情景（奇观）。天啊！ 33. Is it just nostalgia? For those of us old enough to have been brought up in a largely literary age, where child escapism existed mainly on the page, Potter might be seen as a return to Narnia and Dolittle and Streatfield.
只是怀旧吗？对于我们当中那些年纪够大，在一个文学风行，孩提幻想主要存在于书页之上的时代养育成年的人来说，波特也许是拿尼亚（英国作家C.S. Lewis的小说《狮王、女巫与衣橱》里的动物王国）、杜立德（英国作家Hugh Lofting的小说《杜立德医生的故事》里的人物）和斯特雷斯菲尔德（英国儿童作家）的复归。
35. It seems as though there has been nothing quite as good since—hat’s only because you’re
supposed to grow out of children’s book.
从那时起似乎就再也没有能和它们媲美的书了— 那只是因为你可能随着年龄的增长逐渐不再读儿童书籍了。
36. Sure, maybe Harry Potter does have all these side values; it’s safe, it’s England, it’s like something we used to read. But get real, please, there is so much good fiction out there, written specifically for your adult age group, written with you in mind. Please, next time, choose that. Don’t keep running away from life.
当然，也许《哈里·波特》的确有种种额外的价值，它安全，它具有英国情调，它就像我们过去经常看的某种读物，不过，请别犯傻了，有这么多好的小说作品，专门为你们这些成年群体而写的，怀想着你们而写的。下次，请选择那些。别总是逃避生活。
Unit 3 The Truth about Lying
1. I despise its very vastness and power. It has the poorest millionaires, the littlest great man, the haughtiest beggars, the plainest beauties, the lowest skyscrapers, the dolefulest pleasures of any town I ever saw.
我嗤之以鼻的正是它的宏大与权势。在我见过的城市中，没有哪个城市像这里这样有那么多心灵最空虚的百万富翁，人格最渺小的伟人，最傲慢的乞丐，最丑陋的美人，最卑劣的摩天大楼，还有最令人悲哀的娱乐。
2. I’ve been wanting to write on a subject that intrigues and challenges me: the subject of lying. 有个题目既让我着迷，又富有挑战性，就此写篇文章的念头由来已久，这个题目就是撒谎。 3. Without these little white lies, they say, our relationships would be short and brutish and nasty. It’s arrogant, they say, to insist on being so incorruptible and so brave that you cause people unnecessary embarrassment or pain by compulsively assailing them with your honesty.
他们说，如果没有无伤大雅的谎言，人际关系就会短暂，粗野和龌鹾。他们还说，执意要做到刚正不阿，勇敢无畏，以自己的诚实去强制攻击别人，造成他们无谓的尴尬与痛苦，这么做未免太傲慢清高了。
4. Will you praise hideous presents and homely kids? 你会对不入眼的礼物和相貌平平的孩子赞不绝口吗�？
5. And even though, as I do, you may prefer the polite evasion of “You really cooked up a storm” instead of “The soup”—which tastes like warmed-over coffee—“is wonderful,” will you, if you must, proclaim it wonderful?
假如你面前的汤喝起来香又热过一次的咖啡，你也可能会委婉地说（我也会这么说）“你做饭真劲啊”，而不说“汤好喝极了”。那么要是你必须对汤发表意见，你会称之为佳肴吗？ 6. “I can’t play that game,” he says. “I’m simply not made that way.” —“I can’t play that game,” he says, “I’m not born with the talent for lying.” “我可玩不来这个，”他说，“我根本不是那块料。”
7. Now, he won’t, unsolicited, offer his views on the painting you just bought, but you don’t ask for his frank opinion unless you want frank, and his silence at those moments when the rest of us liars are murmuring, “Isn’t it lovely?” is, for the most part,eloquent enough.
对你刚买的那幅画，未经邀请，他是不会主动提出他的看法的，你可别征求他的坦率意见，除非你想要听他的坦率直言。而就在我们其余这些谎言家低声嘟囔着“这画真美啊！”的时候，他的一言不发，在多数情况下就够雄辩地说明他的真实看法了。
8. My friend does not indulge in what he calls “flattery, false praise and mellifluous comments”.
我的朋友不沉溺于他所谓的“恭维,假的赞扬和甜美评论”。
9.Many people tell peace-keeping lies; lies designed to avoid irritation or argument; lies designed to shelter the liar from possible blame or pain; lies (or so it is rationalized) designed to keep trouble at bay.
不少人撒谎是为了保持一团和气，其目的在于避免不快和争执，使说谎者自己避免可能遇到的谴责和痛苦。把麻烦控制在一定的范围之内，以免给谁带来伤害（起码可以这么自圆其说）。 10. They lie because they feel there are certain human values that supersede the wrong of having lied.
有实话不说是人们觉得人类某些价值观可以容忍撒谎的行为。
11. They lie to those they love, to those who trust those (them) most of all, on the grounds that breaking this trust is justified.
人们对自己所爱的人撒谎，对最信任自己的人撒谎，而这样做是情理之中的事情。 12. They may lie about adultery, and not—or so they insist—to save their own hide, but to save the heart and the pride of the men they are married to. 生活不检点也可以撒谎，并不是—撒这些谎的人坚持认为—逃避惩罚，而是为了她们所嫁的人伤透心，丢尽面子。
13. And we never can be sure, once we started to juggle lies, just where they’ll land, exactly where they’ll roll.
再说了，一旦开始谎话连篇，谁也拿不准结果会怎样，能不能蒙人蒙到底。
14. And furthermore, we find ourselves lying in order to back up the lies that are backing up the lie we initially told.
另外，一旦说个谎话，我们后来会发现要接着圆谎，好让以前的谎言不露馅。
15. Yet, having said all that, I still believe that there are times when protective lies must nonetheless be told.
话已经说了这么多，然而，我仍然相信有时候保护性的谎言还照样得撒。 16. Some say that truth will be out and thus you might as well tell the truth. 有人说，总有一天会真相大白，所以你也有说实话的那一天。
17. Some say that even though the truth may never be revealed, our lies pervert and damage our relationships.
有人说，哪怕是人永远被蒙在鼓里，谎言会扭曲乃至破坏人际关系。
18. “I’m a coward,”says Grace, “about telling close people important, difficult truths. I find that I’m unable to carry it off. And so if something is bothering me, it keeps building up inside till I end up just not seeing them any more.” “我是一个懦弱的人，”格雷斯说，“遇到重要的、难以开口的事，我就没胆量跟亲近的人（在这些事情上）说实话。我发现自己根本办不到。要是有什么烦心事，心里只会越来越烦，到后来干脆不去见他们。” 19. “Over the years, I tried to lie,” a friend of mine explained, “but I always got found out and I always got punished. I guess I gave myself away because I feel guilty about any kind of lying. It looks as if I’m stuck with telling the truth.”
“这么多年了，我一直试着撒谎，”我的一位朋友解释说，“但我的谎话老是被戳穿，我总是为此受罚。我猜我一撒谎就显得面有愧色�结果就暴露了自己。看样子我只能说实话了。 ”
Unit Seven Why We Strive for Status
1.Genghis Khan conquered two thirds of the known world during the early 13th century, amassing an empire that stretched from Eastern Europe to Korea. 在十三世纪早期，成吉思汗征服了已知世界范围三分之二的领土，并且建立了从东欧到朝鲜的大帝国。
2. And he may have set an all-time record for what biologists call reproductive success. An account written 33 years after his death credited him with (having) 20, 000 descendents. 他还在生物学家所谓的繁殖成就方面创下了一项至今无人打破的记录；在他死去三十三后的一项统计表明：他有两万个子孙后代。
3. Harems went out of style centuries ago, and even despots now disavow pillage and oppression as ideals.
一夫多妻制早在几个世纪以前就不时兴了，而现在即使是专制君主也从不承认掠夺和压迫是他们追求的理想。
4. We may talk about equality and fraternity. We may strive for classless societies. But we go right on building hierarchies, and jockeying for status within them. 也许我们会谈论平等与友爱，会为共产主义而共同奋斗，但是我们仍旧会继续建立等级制度，并运用手段谋求较高的地位。
5. Can we abandon the tendency? Probably not. For as scientists are now discovering, status seeking is not just a habit or a cultural tradition. It’s a design feature of the male psyche—a biological drive that is rooted in the nervous system and regulated by hormones and brain chemicals.
我们能停止这么做吗？不太可能。这是因为、正如现在科学家发现的那样、追求地位不仅仅是一种习惯或者文化传统、它还是男性精神的标志——一种植根于神经系统、受荷尔蒙和大脑化学物质控制的生物冲动。
6. The drive for dominance skews our perceptions, colors our friendship, shapes our moods and affects our health. But we’re not worse off for it.
这种冲动扭曲我们对事物的理解，影响我们的友谊，塑造我们的灵魂，影响我们的健康。但是，这对我们来说并非总是一件坏事。
7. Males are not the only ones who crave status (remember Tonya Harding?), but we pursue it more doggedly than females at every stage of life. 并非只有男性才热衷于追求权利，但是男性在人生的每个阶段都要比女性更加强烈的追求社会地位。
8.„ boys as young as 6 establish dominance hierarchies, and maintain them through rough-and-tumble games.
„„只有6岁的男孩子就开始确立支配等级制度，并通过大家来维持这种等级关系。 9. How do we know this relentless one-upmanship is a biological endowment (rather than something we learn)? If the tendency showed up only in certain societies, it would be easier to dismiss as something we learn.
我们如何确定这种无情的总想高人一等的精神是一种生物天赋呢?如果这个倾向只是在某个社会阶段存在,那么就可以很容易地认定它是后天学会的。
10. When men prepare for a fight, or even a chess match, their bodies produce a surge of testosterone, a hormone known for boosting body mass and aggressiveness.
当男性准备一场战斗或者一场围棋比赛时,身体内部就会产生大量睾丸激素和荷尔蒙激素，
它们会增加男性的战斗力。
11.“The testosterone level peaks during the contest,” says Harvard anthropologist Richard Wrangham.
人类学家理查德说：“竞赛中睾丸激素达到峰值。”
12. Why should males be more primed than females to jockey for dominant status? 为什么男性比女性更应该追求权利、地位呢�？
13. A female can’t flood the gene pool (with her offspring) by commandeering extra mates; no matter how much sperm she attracts, she is not likely produce more than a dozen viable offspring. 女性生育不会人类的进化造成影响。因为他们无论霸占多少男性，他们的生育不超过12个。 14. But as Genghis Khan’s exploits make clear, males can profit enormously by outmating their peers.
但是，正如成吉思汗的业绩所表明的一样，如果男人和更多的异性交配�就可以获得巨大 的利益。
15.“If 10 percent of men can have a monopoly on 50 percent of the female production,” Campbell observes, “other men are faced with the possibility of going to their graves childless unless they fight for their share of the productive opportunity.”
“如果百分之十的男人能够垄断百分之五十的女人，”坎贝尔说，“那么其他男人有可能面临无子送终的命运，除非他们为自己繁衍后代的机会而奋斗。”
16. It’s not hard to see how that dynamic, played out over millions of years, would leave modern men fretting over status. We are built from the genes that the most determined competitor passed down.
不难看出，这一持续了数百万年的对抗形势将会怎样使现代的男人为低位而烦恼。我们身 上的基因都是最坚定的竞争者传下的。
17. Fortunately, we don’t aspire to families of 800. As monogamy and contraceptives may have leveled the reproductive playfield, power had become its own psychological reward.
幸运的是，我们并不希望建立八百人的大家庭。一夫一妻以及避孕手段的实施使得人们繁 衍后代的机会基本均等，权力已经成为地位追逐者自身心理上的回报。
18. „and they have consistently found that women favor signs of “earning capacity” over good looks. For sheer sex appeal, a doughy bald guy in a blue Blazer and Rolex will outscore a stud in a Burger King uniform almost every time. Power, it seems, really is the ultimate aphrodisiac. 所有的结果一直表明�相对于长相好的男人而言，女人更青睐会赚钱的男人。那些衣着华丽 看上去很有权势但长相丑陋的男人往往比那些长相漂亮但没有权势的男人更能赢得女人的青睐。
19. By the same token, powerlessness can be toxic. Scores of studies have linked male depression to problems with success, power and competition.
由于同样的原因，没有权力可以给人带来危害。许多研究证明男性抑郁与成功、权力以及 竞争等方面的问题有关。
20. In fact, once we work out who’s higher and lower, we often relax and get along quite well. 事实上，一旦每个人的社会地位确定下来，男人便会按下心�，并能和谐相处。 21. “If resources are divvied up unevenly,” says Sapolsky, “you can fight it out tooth and claw for everything, or you can have a stable dominance system that gets you the same result without having to go through the battle every time. It’s a conservative way of avoiding fighting.” “如果财富分配不均，”萨波斯基说，“男人会坚持不懈地不惜一切代价为之抗争，直到问题彻底解决为止。但是若有一个稳定的统治体系确保每个人的所得，男人们就不必进行一次又
一
次的争斗了，这是一种比较保守的避免争斗的方法。”
22. Middle management can be a good deal if the boss is not tyrant. And even if you land at the bottom of one hierarchy, it’s often possible to distinguish yourself in another one. Janitor by day, 只要老板不是一个暴君，中层职位是个不错的选择。即使你在某个社会等级中处于底层的人，也时常可以在另一个社会等级中位居显赫，白天当看门人，夜里则做大军师。
23. That’s not to say things always work out for the best. The world is full of would-be despots, and“take more than your share” is still the alpha-male motto.
但这并不是说事情总是朝着最好的方向发展，这个世界充满了潜在的专制者，“夺取不属 于自己的那份”已让是男人的第一座有铭。
24. The good news is that status doesn’t survive by power alone. Even among nonhuman primates, the most durable leaders are those who kiss babies, flatter allies and share their bounty—in short, the ones who govern by consent.
值得庆幸的是，地位不仅仅靠权力来支撑。即使是非人类的灵长动物，最持久的统治者也 是那些亲吻幼崽、恭维盟友、共享成果的动物。
25. They may have testosterone to spare, but it is matched and balanced by serotonin, a neurotransmitter critical for controlling impulses. 他们也许有过剩的睾丸激素，但被血清素中和了，因为血清素是一种重要的控制冲动的神经传递素。
26. And though quick to confront potential challengers, they employ more bluff than force. 尽管他们会很快面临潜在的挑战者，他们更多的使用虚张声势，而不是暴力。
27. “If you have to abuse your power,” says Sapolsky, “You’re probably in the process of losing it.” Men will surely continue to learn that lesson the hard way. “如果你滥用权力，”萨波斯基说，“那你就很可能已经失去它了。” 男人必将艰难地学习这一课，但是我们已经迈出了一大步，而新千年才刚刚开始。
Unit One Some Meanings of Authentic Love
2. So far we’ve discussed mostly what we think love is not. Now we’d like to share (with you readers) some positive meanings love has for us. 以上我们讨论了我们认为与爱背道而驰的那些事。现在我们想说说对于我们而言爱的一些积 极的意义。(教参译文)
3. „and I experience something of the core of that person. I can penetrate social masks and roles and see the other person on a deeper level.
我体验到那个人身上某种本质的东西，我能透过对方在社交场合的表现和在社会上所担当 的角色，看到他更内在的东西。
4. To the extent that it is genuine, my caring is not a smothering of the person or a possessive clinging (to him / her).
只要我的关心是真诚的，那么它就不会是对我所关爱的人的一种压抑或占有性的依附。 5.„and I do not insist that you surrender your identity and conform to an image of what I expect you to be for me.
„„我不会要你放弃你的特性，为了我把自己塑造成我期望你成为的那种人。 7. If I love you, I’m responsive to most of your major needs as a person.
如果我爱你，我就会对你作为一个人的大多数的主要需求有反应。
8. A lover does have the capacity to hurt or neglect the loved one, and in this sense I see that love entails an acceptance of some responsibility for the impact my way of being has on you.
一个爱别人的人确实可能会伤害或忽视所爱之人，从这个意义上说，爱包含着我要对我的 生活方式对你的影响承担一定的责任。
9. We each grow as a result of caring and being cared for. We each share in an enriching experience that does not detract from our being. 我俩各自都因彼此关爱而成长，我们的这种关系使双方都感到更加充实，又丝毫不削弱我们自己的特性。
10. I trust the reciprocal nature of our love. 我相信我们之间的爱将惠及双方。
11. We agree with Reverend Maier when he writes that love is a spirit that changes life. Love is a way of life that is creative and that transforms. 著名法国作家莫里哀曾经说过，爱是改变生活的精神力量，爱是一种创造性的生活方式并能使生活改善。
12. How do you understand “Love is meant for our imperfect world where things go wrong. Love is meant to be a spirit that works in painful situations. Love is meant to bring meaning into life where nonsense appears to reign.”?
爱使得出了问题的不完美世界变得有意义。爱是痛苦时的精神支柱。爱使得平淡主宰的生活变得有意义。
13. Love is freely given, not doled out on demand. 爱是自愿地付出,而不是在需要时施舍。 14. Authentic love is not given with strings attached. 真爱的给予是不带任何附加条件的。
16.Although our love for each other and our commitment to each other might bar certain actions on our parts, we are not totally wedded to each other.
虽然我们对彼此的爱和承诺限制了我们某些行为,但我们并不是完全献身于对方。 17. It is a pseudolove that cements one person to another in such a way that he or she is not given room to grow.
两个人像水泥一样的粘在一起�使各自失去自由发展的空间，不是真爱。 18. Love means identifying with the person I love. If I love you, I can empathize with you and see the world through your eyes.
真爱是指对于我爱的人，如果我爱你，我能感受到你和你的眼中的世界。
19. Goethe's observation is relevant here: by taking people as they are, we make them worse, but by treating them as if they already were what they ought to be, we help make them better.
歌德有一句与此相关的评论，根据人们的现状来对待他们，我们会使他们变得越来越差，按照他们应达到的目标来对待他们，我们就会帮助他们变得更好。 20 In love this paradox occurs that two beings become one and yet remain two. 爱中有这种矛盾现象，合二为一，却又一分为二。
�教参译文�
21 know the person I love. I’m aware of the many sides of the other person----not just the beautiful side but also the limitations, inconsistencies and flaws. I have an awareness of the other’s feelings and thoughts, and I experience something of the core of that person. I can penetrate social masks and roles and see the other person on a deeper level.
爱意味着我了解我所爱的人。我认识到对方的许多方面，不仅是美丽闪光的一面，还有能力上的不足、反复无常和性格上的缺陷。我了解对方的感情和想法，我能体验到那个人身上的某种本质的东西。我能透过对方社交场合的表现和在社会的角色，看到他更深层次的品质。 22 Love means that I care about the welfare of the person I love. To the extent that it is genuine, my caring is not a smothering of the person or a possessive clinging. On the contrary, my caring liberates both of us. If I care about you, I’m concerned about your growth, and I hope you will become all that you can become. Consequently, I don’t put up roadblocks to what you do that enhances you as a person, even though it may result in my discomfort at times. 爱意味着我关心我所爱的人的幸福。只要这种关心是真诚的，那么它就不会是某种压抑或占有性的依附。与此相反�我的关心会使我们两个都不受到束缚。如果我在乎你，我就会关注你的成长，我希望你将来成为一个有所作为的人。因此�对你为完善自己所做的一切，我决不设置障碍，即使你做的事情有时会使我不快。
23 Love means having respect for the dignity of the person I love. If I love you, I can see you as a separate person, with your own values and thoughts and feelings, and I do not insist that you surrender you identity and conform to an image of what I expect you to be for me. I can allow and encourage you to stand alone and to be who you are, and I avoid treating you as an object or using you primarily to gratify my own needs.
爱意味着尊重我所爱的人的尊严。如果我爱你，我会把你看成是独立的个体，有自己的价值观、思想和感情，我不会坚持让你放弃自己的特性，使你变成一个我期望你成为的那种人。我会允许并鼓励你保持独立，坚持自己的特色，我会避免把你当作一件东西对待或用你来主要满足我自身的需要。
24 Love means having a responsibility toward the person I love. If I love you, I’m responsive to most of your major needs as a person. This responsibility does not entail my doing for you what you are capable of doing for yourself; nor does it mean that I run your life for you. It does imply acknowledging that what I am and what I do affects you, so that I am directly involved in your happiness and your misery. A lover does have the capacity to hurt or neglect the loved one, and in this sense I see that love entails and acceptance of some responsibility for the impact my way of being has on you.
爱意味着对我所爱的人付责任。如果我爱你，我就会积极对待你的需要。这种责任并不等于我要为你做你自己能够做到的事情，也不是说我为你管理你的生活。它应该是承认我和我所做的事会对你产生影响，因此我直接与你的幸福和痛苦联系在一起。一个人的确可能会伤害或忽视他所爱的人。从这个意义上说，爱包含着我要为我，的生活方式，对你的影响承担一定的责任。
25 Love means growth for both myself and the person I love. If I love you, I am growing as a result of my love. You are a stimulant for me to become more fully what I might become, and my loving enhances your being as well. We each grow as aresult of caring and being cared for; we each share in an enriching experience that does not detract form our being.
爱意味着和所爱的人共同成长。如果我爱你，我会为了对你的爱而成长。你将是激励我更加充实自己的动力，我的爱也会使你不断完善提高。我们因爱与被爱而成长，我们彼此分享积累的丰富经验而又不削减自己的个性。
26 Love means making a commitment to the person I love. This commitment does not entail surrendering our total selves to each other; nor does it imply that the relationship is necessarily permanent. It does entail a willingness to stay with each other in times of pain, uncertainty, struggle, and despair, as well as in times of calm and enjoyment.
爱意味着能够承诺我所爱的人。这种承诺并不需要我们相互放弃自身的特性，也不是指我们的这种关系一定要天长地久。这种承诺不仅包含着愿意在痛苦、犹豫、绝望的时候相互支持，也包含着共享平静与欢乐。
27 Love means trusting the person I love. If I love you, I trust that you will accept my caring and my love and that you won’t deliberately hurt me. I trust that you will find me lovable and that you won’t abandon me; I trust the reciprocal nature of our love. If we trust each other, we are willing to be open to each other and can shed masks and pretenses and reveal our true selves.
爱意味着相信我所爱的人。如果我爱你，我会相信你将接受我的关心与爱意，我会相信你不会故意把我伤害，我会相信你终将发现我的可爱之处，我会相信你不会把我弃于不顾，我会相信我们是相爱的。如果我们彼此信任，我们就愿意敞开心扉，摘下面具，去掉伪装，显示我们真实的自我。 �]�b�
28 Love can tolerate imperfection. In a love relationship there are times of boredom, times when I may feel like giving up, times of real strain, and times I experience an impasse. Authentic love does not imply enduring happiness. I can stay during rough times, however, because I can remember what we had together in the past, and I can picture what we will have together in our future if we care enough to face our problems and work them through. We agree with Reverend Maier when he writes that love is a spirit that changes life. Love is a way of life that is creative and that transforms. However, Maier does not view love as being reserved for a perfect world. “Love is meant for our imperfect world where things go wrong. Love is meant to be a spirit that works in painful situations. Love is meant to bring meaning into life where nonsense appears to reign.” In other words, love comes into an imperfect world to make it livable.
爱可以容忍缺点。在爱的关系中，必然会有厌烦的时候，有我想放弃的时候，有关系紧张的时候，有我感到绝望的时候。真爱不仅仅意味着我们能共同分享幸福。在艰难困苦的时期我也能和你在一起，因为我记得我们过去在一起度过的时光，如果我们对问题给予足够的重视，面对问题并能度过困难时期，我能想像我们将来在一起是个什么样子。我们同意梅尔教士的观点，即爱是改变生活的精神力量。爱是一种创造性的生活方式并能使生活改善。但是梅尔并不认为爱是完美世界独有的。”爱是给予我们这个有问题的不完善的世界的。爱是在痛苦的情况下发挥作用的精神。爱就是要使看起来无意义的生活变得有意义。”换句话说，爱来到这个不完美的世界使它适合人们居住。
29. Love is freeing. Love is freely given, not doled out on demand. At the same time, my love for you is not dependent on whether you fulfill my expectations of you. Authentic love does not imply “I’ll love you when you become perfect or when you become what I expect you to become.” Authentic love is not given with strings attached. There is an unconditional quality about love. 爱是自由的行为。爱是自愿地付出，而不是要求之下的施舍。与此同时，我对你的爱并不取决于你是否能满足我对你的期望。真爱并不意味着”当你成为完美的人或当你成为我所期望的那种人时，我才爱你。”真爱不是带有附加条件的付出。爱是无条件的。
30 Love is expansive. If I love you, I encourage you to reach out and develop other relationships. Although our love for each other and our commitment to each other might bar certain actions on our parts, we are not totally and exclusively wedded to each other. It is a pseudolove that cements one person to another in such a way that he or she is not given room to grow. Casey and Vanceburg put this notion well:
爱是博大的。如果我爱你，我会鼓励你向外发展，建立其他的人际关系。虽然我们之间的爱和彼此的承诺不允许我们做某些事情，但是我们并不是完全彻底地拴在一起。把一个人和另
一个人拴在一起，而不给予他发展的空间，这是一种虚假的爱。凯斯和温斯伯格对这个概念有很好的解释:
31 The honest evidence of our love is our commitment to encouraging another’s full development. We are interdependent personalities who need one another’s presence in order to fulfill our destiny. And yet, we are also separate individuals. We must come to terms with our struggles alone.
我们相互承诺要鼓励对方充分的发展，这就真实证明了我们之间的爱。我们是相互依存的，为了完成自己的使命，需要对方的存在。但我们又是不同的个体，我们必须各自面对自己的奋斗。
32 Love means having a want for the person I love without having a need for that person in order to be complete. If I am nothing without you, then I’m not really free to love you. I love you and you leave, I’ll experience a loss and be sad and lonely, but I’ll still be able to survive. If I am not free to challenge our relationship; nor am I free to challenge and confront you. Because of my fear of losing you, I’ll settle for less than I want, and this settling will surely lead to feelings of resentment.
爱意味着我需要我所爱的人，但并不是缺少他就不行。如果没有你我就无法生存，那么我就不能自由的爱你。我爱你，即使你离开了，即使我失落、难过和孤独，但我还能活下去。如果我的价值和我的生存过于依赖于你，那我就没有自由来审视我们之间的关系，也就没有审视和反驳你的自由。因为我害怕失去你，我就会降低要求，而这种迁就会使我产生不满情绪。 33 Love means identifying with the person I love. If I love you, I can empathize with you and see the world through your eyes. I can identify with you and see the world through your eyes. I can identify with you because I’m able to see myself in you and you in me. This closeness does not imply a continual “togetherness,”for distance and separation are sometimes essential in a loving relationship. Distance and can intensify a loving bond, and it can help us rediscover ourselves, so that we are able to meet each other in a new way. W
爱意味着理解所爱的人。如果我爱你，我就能与你有同样的情感，我就能通过你的眼睛去看这世界。我理解你是因为我能够在你身上看到我自己，并在我自己身上看到你。这种亲密无间并不意味着持续地呆在一起，有时候，距离和分别对于相爱同样是必要的。距离会加强爱的联系，会有助于我们重现认识自己，使我们可以以新的方式面对对方。
34 Love means selfish. I can only love you if I genuinely love, value, appreciate, and respect myself. If I am empty, then all I can give you is my emptiness. If I feel that I’m complete and worthwhile in myself, then I’m able to give to you out of my fullness. One of the best ways for me to give you love is by fully enjoying myself with you. 爱中充满了自我。只有我能真正地爱着自己，珍视自己，欣赏自己，尊重自己，我才能爱你。如果我生活空虚，那么我能给予你的只能是我的空虚。如果我感到自己是完整的，有价值的，那么我就能让你分享我的充实。给予我对你的爱，最好的方式就是和你在一起充分享受我的一切。
35 Love involves seeing the potential within the person we love. In my love for another, I view her or him as the person she or he can become, while still accepting who and what the person is now. Goethe’s observation is relevant here: by taking people as they are, we make them worse, but by treating them as if they already were what they ought to be, we help make them better. 爱包含着看到我所爱的人的潜在能力。我爱那个人，我一方面承认他的现状，另一方面我现在就视他为他将来能够成为的那种人。歌德有一句与此相关的评论，我们如果按照人们的现状来对待他们，会使他们越来越差，要是按照他们应该达到的目标来对待和要求他们，我们
就会促使他们变得更好。
36 Mature love is union under the condition of preserving one’s integrity, one’s individuality. In love this paradox occurs that two beings become one and yet remain two.
成熟的爱是两人的结合，但又不失各自的完整和特性。爱中有这种矛盾现象，合二为一，却又一分为二。
Unit Three High-Tech Farming:Is It Inhumane-and Dangerous?
1. Forget the picturesque red barns and pastures full of daisies. 暂且不提风景如画的红色畜舍和开满雏菊的牧场。
2. „and concern is mounting that automated agriculture may not only be cruel to the animals but hazardous to those who eat the meat as well.
人们越来越担心自动化的农业也许不仅对动物非常残酷，而且对吃肉的人十分危险。 3. For the milky-white flesh prized by (food) connoisseurs, the calf, after eight weeks, is fed a low-iron formula that induces borderline anemia. 为了获得为食品鉴赏家所看重的乳白色鲜肉，八个星期后，这头小牛将会被喂养可能导致贫血的低铁的配方饲料。
4. The reformers complain that much high-tech farming is little short of torture. 这种改革者们抱怨很多高科技农业几乎接近于折磨。
5. Nonetheless, the push for animal right—now given a new urgency by possible danger to human health—is gaining momentum. 然而，如今由于可能危及人类健康这一点使之有了新的紧迫性，促进动物权利保护的运动势头正劲。
6. „efficiency has exacted tradeoffs in animal wellbeing.
效率是通过牺牲动物的健康来强行换取的。
7. Birds are so crammed in the modern hen house that “debeaking”has become routine to minimize cannibalism.
现在的鸟类在笼子里如此拥挤，“切嘴尖”成了家常便饭，以尽量减少自相残杀。 8. The worst abuses, according to animal rights advocates, affect laying hens. 照动物保护者的话说，最残酷的虐待是对下蛋母鸡的侵扰。
9.The laying hens long workday, „, more than doubles their normal output.
这些产蛋母鸡的漫长工作日，加上为了防止病毒感染和各种呼吸道疾病而喂食的富含维他命的食物和药物，使其产蛋量比正常情况超出一倍多。
10. After a year or two of accelerated laying, a hen is too thin and wasted for the broiler market and winds up in a can of soup.
经过一到两年加速地产蛋之后，母鸡已是十分瘦弱，不再适于投放炸鸡市场，其最终结局就是变成一罐鸡汤。
11.Efficient pork producers have moved hogs indoors to control every aspect of their environment —heat, light, even air.
讲求效益的猪肉生产者已经将猪转移到户内以控制它们生活环境的每个方面—包括热量、光 线甚至空气。
12. Pigs nurse for 28 days and then go on antibiotic-laced feed because the newly weaned are subject to several fatal diseases, including diarrhea and respiratory failure.
小猪的哺育期为28天，然后继续喂给添加了抗菌素的饲料，因为刚刚断奶的幼猪以感染许多致命的疾病，如腹泻和呼吸衰竭。
13. Scientists are breeding out such emotional characteristics. 科学家们正在通过人工繁殖过程消除猪的这种情感特性。
14�Fox acknowledges that a pig may not miss the mud it has never rolled in, but extrapolating from its (a pig’s and other animals’) physical attributes and habits, the Humane Society has developed a fivefold declaration of animal freedom.
福克斯承认一头猪不会依恋它从未打过滚的泥坑，但人道协会从猪，以及其它动物，的生理属性和习惯推断，拟定了五重关于动物自由的声明。
15.He replies, “No, I don’t eat my own feces either,”alluding to one of pig-dom’s dietary customs.
他回答说“不愿意，我也不会吃自己的排泄物。”他的答话影射猪有这样一条取食习性。 16.One aspect of the controversy, however, unites even the most unsentimental proponents of factory farming with the knee-jerk advocates of humane treatment for live stock. 然而，争论的另一方面却把甚至最不易动感情的工厂化倡导者和对家畜实行人道的自发支持者联合起来。
17.Fully 80 percent of them are not administered to humans but are mixed with animal feed — both to prevent diseases accelerate livestock growth.
它们足有百分之八十不是被注射到人类身上，而是被添加到饲料中，用来防治疾病和加速 家畜生长。
18. In the space of hours, a bacterial culture (there are more than 200 different types in the humane intestine) passes through thousands of successive generations.
在一个小时之内，一类细菌，人类大肠里有两百多类细菌，经过成千代连续的繁衍。 19. More and more resistant strains flourish, while those susceptible to the antibiotics dwindle away.
越来越多的抗药性菌株迅速繁衍，而那些对抗生素敏感的细菌会死亡。
21. When an animal is given large doses of antibiotics, plasmid-bolstered bacteria proliferate. 如果动物被给予大量的抗生素，其体内的细菌就会激增。
22 .Perhaps it will take a crises like Britain’s salmonella epidemic to bring reform. 也许需要一场英国沙门氏菌那样的危机才能带来改革。
Unit Five Japanese and American Workers Two Casts of Mind
1. Japanese and American Workers: Two Casts of Mind 日本工人、美国工人——两种思维模式
2. Perhaps the most difficult aspect of the Japanese for Westerners to comprehend is the strong orientation to collective values, particularly a collective sense of responsibility. 也许在西方人看来，日本人最不好理解的方面就是强烈的集体价值倾向，尤其是那种集体责任感。
3. As a consequence of this coporeate style, the parent company determined to make a thorough study of Japanese workers and to design a plant that would combine the best of East and West. 在这么一种公司风格影响下，总公司决定对日本工人做一个全面研究，以规划出一个结合东西方最优秀素质的工厂。
4. In their study they discovered that Japanese firms almost never make use of individual work
incentives, such as piecework or even individual performance appraisal tied to salary increases. 通过研究，他们发现日本公司几乎采取调动个人工作积极性的刺激手段，如计件工作制、将个人表现与加薪相结合等。
5. They concluded that rewarding individual achievement and individual ability is (not) always a good thing.
他们得出结论，奖励个人成绩个人能力，并不总是件好事。
6. „long line of Japanese women wired together electronic products on a piece-rate system: the more you wired, the more you got paid.
一长排一长排的年轻日本女工在计件工资率的管理体制下安装电子产品的金属丝，安装的越多得到的报酬也就越多。
8. “Honorable plant manager,”they said humbly as they bowed, “We are embarrassed to be so forward, „ ”
他们边鞠躬边谦恭地说，“我们太鲁莽了，实在不好意思，但我们不得跟您谈谈。” 9. To have this happen, of course, would be a great disaster to all (people) concerned. 真要如此，真要发生这样的事，那对于所有相关的人来说都是个灾难。
10.“To single one person out as being more productive is wrong and is also personally humiliating to us”The company changed its compensation system to the Japanese model. “单单挑出某一个人来说他生产效率更高，这种做法不对，而且就个人而言那会弄得大家很没面子。”于是公司转向了日本式的工资体制。 11. The suggestions and productivity improvements rained down on the plant. 结果，各种如何改进生产的建议如雨后春笋般地冒了出来。 12. One can interpret these examples in two different ways. 人们可以用两种方式来解释这些例子。
13. Perhaps the Japanese commitment to collective values is an anachronism that does not fit (in) with modern Industrialism but brings economic success as collectivism. 也许日本人坚持集体价值观的做法是一个时代错误，即一方面与现代工业主义格格不入，另一方面却仍然能够在集体主义制度下获得经济成功。
14.Collectivism does not seem to provide the individual incentive to excel which has made a great success of American enterprise.
集体主义似乎并未产生任何超越他人的激励作用，而这恰恰是美国企业大获成功的原因。 15. Entirely apart from its economic effects, collectivism implies a loss of individuality, a loss of the freedom to be different, to hold fundamentally different values from others.
集体主义与其经济效益完全不挂钩，相反意味着，丧失个人特性，丧失与众不同的自由，丧失持有独立价值观的自由。
16. Industrial life requires interdependence of one person on another. But a less obvious but far reaching implication of the Japanese collectivism for economic performance has to do with accountability.
工业生活需要人们相互依赖。但一个不那么众所周知，但却影响深远的含义是，日本人在经济活动中的集体主义实际上与责任制相关。
17. In the Japanese mind, collectivism is neither a corporate or individual goal to strive for nor a slogan to pursue. Rather, the nature of things operates so that nothing of consequence occurs as a result of individual effort. 在日本人看来，集体主义既不是一个需要为之奋斗的公司或个人目标，也不是一个要人们去信奉的口号，而是事物的规律使然，任何个人的努力都不可能产生什么影响。
18. Therefore, to attempt to assign individual credit or blame to results is unfounded. 因此，把某些结果归功于或加罪于某一个人的做法都是缺乏根据的。
19. Companies still keep track of which department uses a truck, how often and for what purposes, but like-minded people can interpret some simple numbers for themselves and adjust their behavior accordingly.
公司仍然可以跟踪记录哪个部门用了卡车，多少一次，为何用车，但是志趣相投的人，彼此心照的人，会给自己理清一些简单的数字，并对自己的行为做出相应的调整。
20. The “bottom line” is that a single family working alone cannot produce enough rice to survive, but a dozen families working together can produce enough surplus.
其“底线”便是，独家单干无法生产足够养活全家的稻米，只有十几户人家共同耕作才能种出过剩的粮食。
21. This issue, constantly at the heart of understanding society, comes up in every century, and in every society, whether the writer be Plato, Hobbes or B.F. Skinner.
这一问题永远是理解社会的中心问题，而且每个世纪，每个社会都会出现这一问题，无论其作者是柏拉图，霍布斯，还是B. F. 斯金纳。
23. If one is singled out for being responsible for such an idea, it would embarrass us all. 所以如果把功劳归到某个人头上，那大家都会觉得很没面子。
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