阅读理解训练
(2015·河南省八市重点高中教学质监测)
School is much more than a place where students gather to learn. For children, school is their first opportunity for social development and introduction to people outside of their family unit. Lessons learned in school go beyond mathematics and language arts. Students learn to develop individual interests and find other people who share their interests.
Music is one of the ways likeminded children come together. When many people talk about the benefits of music education, they're quick to point out all of the numerous and measurable results of music education: many studies show the positive impact music programs can have on children in other areas of study.
Dr. Laurel Trainor, a professor of psychology, at McMaster University, has said young children who take music lessons show different brain development and improved memory compared to children who do not receive musical training. Stanford University researchers have found that musical training improves how the brain processes the spoken word, a finding that researchers say could lead to improving the reading ability of children who have dyslexia and other reading problems. Furthermore, in an analysis of data on more than 25,000 secondary school students, researchers at the United States Department of Education found that students who report consistent involvement in instrumental music during middle school and high school perform significantly better in mathematics.
There are many reasons why music education can help to make a child a better student, but there also being involved in music is also a social endeavor that can set the course for lifelong friends and help create social groups that last through school and beyond. Music education breeds familiarity during a school career, when going from class to class or from school to school every year can be nerve wracking and unfamiliar.
文章大意：这是应用文阅读。文章主要讲述了音乐教育帮助孩子更好地发展，开发孩子的智力，增强记忆力，因此音乐教育更有利于孩子的成长。
12．What is the function of the first paragraph?
A．To show school is the place for students to learn. B．To stress the importance of learning knowledge.
C．To lead to the main topic of the passage. D．To explain what the author really thinks of.
答案：C 推理判断题。A 项展示学校是学生学习的地方；B 项强调学习知识的重要性；C 项引出该文章的主题；D 项解释作者的想法。根据文章第一段的最后一句话 Students learn to develop individual interests and find other people who share their interests 和下面几段都是提到音乐教育的重要性，因此该段就是引出主题。故选 C。
13．According to the researchers, we can know that . A．music lovers tend to use their brain in a wise way B．music training can cure children of many diseases
C．learning music is beneficial to students' performance in mathematics D．senior students disliked attending music lessons
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的 students who report consistent involvement in instrumental music during middle school and high school perform significantly better in mathematics 可知学音乐有利于孩子的数学学习。A 项音乐爱好者趋于聪明地使用大脑；B 项音乐训练能治愈孩子的许多疾病； C 项学音乐有利于孩子的数学表现；D 项高年级的学生不喜欢参加音乐课。故选 C。
14．What does the underlined word “dyslexia” mean? A．Having difficulty with reading. B．Receiving training for music. C．Gaining knowledge from learning. D．Losing the ability to read music.
答案：A 词义猜测题。根据该单词后的 other reading problems 可推断是诵读困难。A 项诵读困难；B 项为音乐获得训练；C 项从学习中获得知识；D 项失去阅读音乐的能力。故选 A。 15．It can be concluded from the passage that . A．music can ensure you have lots of close friends B．changing schools is a bad experience for everyone C．music does offer social and understanding benefits D．few schools really focus on music education
答案：C 推理判断题。A 项音乐能确保你有许多亲密的朋友；B 项改变学业对于每个人来说是一个不好的经历；C 项音乐确实提供社交和理解的好处；D 项很少学校关注音乐教育。通读全文，并根据文章的最后一段的 there also being involved in music is also a social endeavor that can set the course for lifelong friends and help create social groups that last through school and beyond 可推断选 C。
阅读理解
Shay asked, “Do you think they’ll let me play?” Shay’s father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his son, mentally and physically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence.
Shay’s father approached one of the boys on the field and asked if Shay could play, not expecting much. The boy looked around and said, “We’re losing by six runs (分) and the game is in the eighth inning (局).I guess he can be on our team and we’ll try to put him in to bat in the final inning.
Shay struggled over to the team’s bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile and his father had a small tear in his eye and warmth in heart. The boys saw the father’s joy at his son being accepted.
In the bottom of the eighth inning, Shay’s team scored a few runs but was still behind by three. In the top of the final inning, Shay put on a glove and played in the field. Even though no hits came his way, he was obviously joyful just to be in the game and on the field. In the bottom of the final inning, Shay’s team scored again. Now, Shay was scheduled to be next at bat. Would they let Shay bat and give away their chance to win the game?
Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat. Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible. The first pitch (投) came and Shay missed. The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay. As the pitch came in, Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher.
The pitcher could have easily thrown he ball to the first baseman and Shay would have been out and that would have been the end of the game .Instead, the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the first baseman, beyond the reach of all teammates, The audience and the players from both teams started screaming, “Shay, run to first!” Never in his life had Shay ever run that far but made it to first base, wide-eyed and shocked.
All were screaming，“Shay，Shay，Shay，all the way Shay.” Shay reached third base when one opposing player ran to help him and shouted, “Shay, run to third.” As Shay rounded third, all were on their feet, crying, “Shay, run home！”Shay ran to home, stepped on the home base and was cheered as the hero who t won the game for his team.
That day, the boys from both teams helped bring a piece true love and humanity into this world. Shay didn’t make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day!
( ) 1. Not expecting much, Shay’s father still asked the boy if Shay could play, mainly because the father . A. noticed some of the boys on the field were heisting B. guessed his presence would affect the boy’s decision C. learned some of the boys on the field knew Shay well D. understood Shay did need a feeling of being accepted
( ) 2. In the bottom of the final inning Shay was given the bat because the boys A. believed they were sure to win the game B. would like to help Shay enjoy the game C. found Shay was so eager to be a winner
.
D. fell forced to give Shay another chance
( ) 3. The smallest boy threw the ball high and far over the third baseman’s head, probably because that boy
.
A. was obviously aware of the pitcher’s purpose B. looked forward to winning the game for his team C. failed to throw the ball to the second baseman D. saw that Shay already reached second base
( ) 4. Which of the following has nothing to do with Shay’s becoming the hero for his team? A. The pitcher did not throw the ball to the first baseman.
B. The audience and the players from both teams cheered for him. C. The opposing players failed to stop his running to home. D. One of the opposing players ran to help him.
( ) 5. What to you think is the theme of the story?
A. True human nature could be realized in the way we treat each other. B. Everyone has his own strength even if mentally or physically disabled. C. Everyone can develop his team spirit in sports and please his parents. D. The results of the game should not be the only concern of the players.
本篇文章是一篇关于爱的教育的故事。一位父亲鼓励帮助自己心智和身体残疾的儿子，和正常人一样参与棒球运动，并且得到同伴的认可。文章富有教育意义。
1. 细节题。 根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段，but 处出题，最后一句”it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence”得出答案 D 为正确选项。
2.细节题。答案在原文第五段 surprisingly 处，显示了一种转折。在上一段讲了 Shay 的团队赢分了，在上文 even though 点出尽管他没有一个球是他进的，但他仍然感到很喜悦。在第五段文章说他被伙伴们同意进入了最后一局。可见答案 B 是正确的，所有人都希望能够帮助他成功。
3. 细节题。根据题干将关键词定位到第七段”the smallest guy on their team”，这是个长难句，who
引导了一个非限制性定语从句，他本可以成为比赛最后的 hero,可 but 点出了转折，他明白 pitcher 的意图并且帮助了 Shay 的成功。可见答案 A 正确。
4.推断题。题干问下面哪一项是和 Shay 的成功无关的。文章第八段最后说众人喊道: “Shay, run home”, 当他 run home 之后，我们看到结果是他成功了，他成为了 Hero，可见没有任何人在这个时候阻止了他。可见 C 选项是与他的成功无关的，为正确选项。
5. 主旨大意题。文章处处渗透了球队人与人之间的相互尊重，因此 A 选项包容性最大， B,C,D 都是很片面的。
【黑龙江省大庆第一中学 2016 届高三下学期开学考试】
Nature is full of color, from rainbows and roses to butterfly wings and peacock tails. Even the fruits and vegetables you eat have different colors: blue blueberries, red strawberries, green broccoli, and orange carrots.
Plant and animals often use color to attract attention. The substances responsible for these colors belong to a class of chemical called antioxidants(抗氧化物). Plants make antioxidant to protect themselves from the sun's ultraviolet(紫外线)light.
Ultraviolet light causes chemicals called free radicals(自由基)to form within plant cells. They can destroy parts of plant. Free radicals also have damaging effects on human beings. Some of these effects like wrinkled skin can be seen. The damage is caused by the free radicals attacking cells in our bodies. Certain cancers and heart disease are linked to free radicals.
Our bodies have natural defences for fighting off free radicals. While we are young, our defences are pretty strong. However, they get weaker as we get older. The body’s built-in defences can only go so far without extra help.
The key to fighting free radicals with fruits and vegetables is to mix and match colors. It’s like sunscreen(防晒霜)for the inside of your body. Go for a range of very bright colors. Colorful foods contain hundreds of healthy chemicals not found anywhere else.
Research into how chemicals in blueberries affect the brain's function in rats suggests that these chemicals may help our own brains work more efficiently.
Don't just blame the sun. Ultraviolet light isn't the only source of free radicals. If you breathe polluted air such as smog, automobile exhaust(废气), or wasted gas from a factory, you take in chemicals that also cause such damage. And, the body itself produces free radicals as it processes food.
29. Which of the following NOT true?
A．Antioxidants are responsible for plant colors. B．Plants use color to attract attention.
C．Antioxidants help free radicals to attack plants.
D．Antioxidants can protect plants from ultraviolet light. 30. In which order do the following facts occur? a .Wrinkled skin can be seen
b .Ultraviolet light causes free radicals to form c .Free radicals damage cells in our bodies d .The sun gives out ultraviolet light A．a,b,c,d B．d,b,a,c
C．c,a,d,b D．d,b,c,a 31. We need extra help for fighting off free radicals from fruits and vegetables because A．our defences get weaker as we get older
.
B．our bodies’ defences are not natural C．we are too young to defend ourselves
D．our bodies’ built-in defences can only go away 32. Which of the following can NOT cause free radicals to form? A．Ultraviolet light from the sun B．Colorful food C．Polluted air D．The body itself 【答案】29C 30D 31A 32B
【解析】
试题分析：这篇文章讲述了太阳的紫外线、烟雾、汽车的排气、工厂的废气等都可造成自由基的生成，自由基会破坏人体细胞，各种颜色的食物是帮助我们抗自由基的有效方法。
29. C 细节理解题。本题属于细节题中的是非题。根据第二段第一句 Plant and animals often use color to attract attention.说明 B 项正确；第二句 The substances responsible for these colors belong to a class of chemical called antioxidants(抗氧化物). 说明 A 项正确。第三句 Plants make antioxidant to protect themselves from the sun’s ultraviolet(UV)(紫外线)light.说明 D 项正确。文章中并没有说明抗氧化物帮助自由基攻击植物。所以 C 项正确。
30. D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段前四句 Ultraviolet light causes chemicals called free radicals(自由基)to form within plant cells. They can destroy parts of plant. Free radicals also have damaging effects on human beings. Some of these effects like wrinkled skin can be seen.内容可知事情发生的先后顺序是：先是太阳释放出紫外线，然后紫外线造成自由基的生成，接着自由基破坏我们身体的细胞，最后皮肤起皱纹，故选 D。
31. A 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句 However, they get weaker as we get older. The body’s built-in defences can only go so far without extra help.说明档我们变老的时候，我们身体的防御能力也随之变弱，已经无法抵抗外来的侵袭了。在这时我们就需要外来的帮助。所以答案为 A。
【名师点睛】
本文【属于细节理解题中的是非题。通常说来是非题并不难，但是比较耗时间。我们要明确是非题的四个选项有三种情况：
1．四个选项中的信息集中在一、二个句子里。这种是非题比较容易做。只要找到相关句，细细读一下 就不难选定正确答案。
2．四个选项中的信息集中在一段里。这样查读的范围要大一些，但还是比较容易的。验证一个，排除 一个，答案就出来了。
3．四个选项中的信息分散在全文。这种是非题就比较难做，因为要化较多的时间去找各个相关句，一一去查证。一般说来，应首先把四个选项都看一遍，根据第一遍读的印象和基本常识，尽可能先排除掉一、 二个，以减少查的选项。实在排除不了，需要到文章中去一一查证的，次序也应从易到难，即从印象最深的，相关句最易找的，最容易证实的那个选项开始查。
由于时间关系，要到全文中去一一查证四个选项，效率太低。因此我们还可以首先对所有选项作一分析，根据常理，根据自己的知识结构，看看哪一选项最有可能是答案。如问哪一个 true，就把四个中最可能正确的一项挑出来首先去查证；如问哪一个 NOT true，就把四个中最可能是错误的一项挑出来首先去查证。用这一方法，最多查证两项，答案就会出来。 考点：考查科普说明文阅读
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容