人教版高一英语必背知识点总结梳理 篇5

　　一.直接引语和间接引语

　　(一)直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。

　　1.时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，等等。例如：

　　Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”

　　→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.

　　2.人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化：根据意义进行相应的变化，例如：

　　She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”

　　→She asked Jack where he had been.

　　He said,“These books are mine.”

　　→He said that those books were his.

　　(二)直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。直接引语如果是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问句，则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked，可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。如：

　　She said,“Is your father at home?”

　　→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.

　　“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.

　　→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.

　　直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气(即请求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。其句型为：ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something.例如：

　　She said to us,“Please sit down.”

　　→She asked us to sit down.

　　He said to him,“Go away!”

　　→He ordered him to go away.

　　He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”

　　→He told the boys not to make so much noise.